1 . 作为总经理的儿子，他从小就可以自由进入公司的各个部门， 这使得他能够早早地了解并掌握公司的运营模式和业务细节。(access) (汉译英)
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2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Signs You Are Eating Pre-Made Food at a Restaurant

Even at fine dining restaurants, serving pre-made food is a common practice most regular customers are not aware of. So how can you know for sure your food was made     1     you ever sat down at your table? Here’s how to tell if the food you’re eating is fresh.

You may be excited to see your waitress approaching with your food not long after you order it, but the biggest sign     2     you’re dinning at a restaurant serving pre-made food is how quickly your food arrives at the table.

A freshly prepared meal that’s made for people     3    (order) takes time. What doesn’t take much time is reheating pre-made food,     4     is often done at fast-food restaurants.

An extensive menu means the chef     5     have all those ingredients on-hand, which makes it difficult to guarantee freshness along with timeliness. To solve this problem, chefs often use pre-made food. That can range from already packaged products     6     preparing the meals in advance, but either way, they’re getting a head start, and the quality of your meal may suffer from     7    .

Often enough, the establishment you     8    (dine) at is the first indicator that your meal is pre-made. Choosing a chain restaurant for your dining destination may seem like a safe choice, for you know what’s on the menu and you know     9     it’s going to taste like, no matter what city you’re in.

Say you’re at a restaurant and you order a steak. You wait in anticipation, watering at the thought of     10    (slice) into a juicy steak. Your order arrives, and it looks just like you imagined it would, except for the taste. That’s probably because your steak hit the microwave before it hit your plate!

3 . 面对日益严重的老龄化问题，“银色经济”旨在回应老年人核心关切，提升老年人幸福感，并为经济注入新的驱动力。(intend) (汉译英)
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4 . Why Are You Still Coughing?

Have you caught a cold recently — but can’t get rid of the cough? You’re not alone. The symptom can stick around for weeks after our bodies have cleared a virus. Michael Shiloh, a physician specializing in infectious disease research at UT Southwestern Medical Center, says coughing patients often report that they were sick as many as eight weeks prior to seeing him. He says, “    1    ”

The United States saw a sharp rise in cases of influenza in late 2023 that’s dragged on into 2024. And though positive tests for the illness have leveled off or decreased countrywide over the past weeks, the number of people seeking healthcare for respiratory (呼吸的) diseases is still elevated across much of the U.S.     2     But research on how infections affect nerves in the airway is revealing new clues.

Coughing is an important reaction that protects the airway from dangers like water or bits of mis-swallowed food, says doctor and researcher Lorcan McGarvey of Queen’s University Belfast.     3     These nerves are decorated with receptor (受体) proteins that react to everything from cold air to hot pepper. When a stimulus causes those receptors, nerves send signals to the brain that we experience as the urge to cough.

While it may seem obvious that coughing is meant to clear our throats, it’s also possible that viruses cause the reaction to help themselves spread.     4     And if we do ultimately cough to clear out our airway during an infection, that still wouldn’t explain what exactly our nerves sense during an infection that causes a cough.

“We don’t know,” says electrophysiologist Thomas Taylor-Clark of the University of South Florida. “But what we can say is that we do know some things, one being that viruses cause infection.”

A．The reaction is caused by nerves that reach into the airway.

B．Scientists know about many different stimuli that can cause cough.

C．Many infections involve dry coughs that don’t produce phlegm (痰) at all.

D．We can’t really detect virus any more in these individuals, and yet they’re still coughing.

E．But at least temporarily, they can send us into coughing even when we’re no longer sick.

F．Scientists still aren’t sure exactly why otherwise healthy people experience this kind of persistent cough.

5 . Directions:   Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. emerge          B. absorbing            C. subject          D. defining          E. movement F. originally       G. course            H. universally        I. happens        J. constant       K. corresponds

How Long Is a Second?

The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right? Well, it turns out that     1     time isn’t that simple.

“The second was     2     based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started measuring its     3     using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely     4    ,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable?

In the 16^th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to     5    . The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the     6     of a year.

By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by     7     or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy     8     to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.

In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this     9    , it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is     10     to change.

6 . At first the question was how quickly people would get back to the office. Then it was whether they would ever return. The last three years has introduced in a major change in white-collar working patterns. The office is not dead but many professionals have settled into a hybrid (混合的) arrangement of some office days and some remote days.

Hybrid working has much to recommend: flexibility for employees, periods of concentration at home, bursts of cooperation in the office. A new paper from Harvard Business School describes an experiment in which workers at BRAC, a non-profit organisation in Britain, were randomly assigned to three groups, each spending different amounts of time working from home. The intermediate (中等的) group, who spent between 23% and 40% of their time in the office, performed best on various performance measures.

But a shift on this large scale is bound to raise tricky issues. In workplaces that have moved to hybrid work, there are still plenty of open questions. One is how to handle the impact of less time in the office for new joiners and younger workers. Research by Emma Harrington of the University of Iowa shows that software engineers receive more feedback on their code when the team sits next to each other in the office, especially new engineers. According to Nicholas Bloom of Stanford University, making new employees spend more time in the office can be a good way of integrating them into company culture and improving their competence. And these younger employees were most likely to quit when everyone was forced to go remote.

A second question concerns how strictly to enforce attendance on days when teams are meant to be in the office. An agreement holds that there should be agreed “anchor days” on which all the people come to work in the office; since the idea is to spend time together, as many people as possible should be there. But one person on the team might have moved somewhere else; someone else might have asked to stay home to let the repairer in. In practice, therefore, hybrid working still often means a mixture of people on screen and people in the office.

Other questions exist. How to define performance measures so managers do not spend time worrying about lazy workers at home? Do you require company-wide anchor days or team-level ones? The era of hybrid working is only just beginning, so it will take time for answers to emerge. But if there is a message from this first full year of hybrid working, it is that flexibility does not mean a free-for-all.

1. How can in-office work help new employees?

A．Giving them more feedback from senior employees.

B．Getting them to catch up with the work schedule.

C．Saving them the cost of staying at home.

D．Helping them feel part of the company.

2. What makes it difficult to enforce attendance on anchor days?

A．Young workers prefer working on screen.

B．Engineers object to the idea of anchor days.

C．Office workers can’t take a day off as expected.

D．Employees have various private matters to address.

3. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?

A．It is necessary to grant employees full autonomous rights.

B．Employers should go with the flow because new questions will emerge.

C．Allowing flexibility in work arrangements does not mean having no rules.

D．It is no easy job to arrange either company-wide or team-level anchor days.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Hybrid working is outdated after workers’ return.

B．There are some open questions of hybrid working.

C．A shift of working patterns calls for hybrid working.

D．Fixed restrictions should be applied to hybrid working.

7 . 当孩子们赢得比赛，他们高兴地跳了起来，露出灿烂的笑容，然后拥抱他们的教练，教练似乎还有些不相信。(break into) (汉译英)

8 . 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。1.

A．Having a messy study folder.

B．Being under huge stress in study.

C．Having no one to turn to for help.

D．Not knowing what kind of learner he is.

2.

A．Using logic, reasoning and systems.

B．Keeping things where they should be.

C．Knowing where to start before anything.

D．Using different tools to take the stress out of studying.

3.

A．They prefer to learn in a more systematic way.

B．They fill their study folders with various notes.

C．They organize information with the help of maps.

D．They tend to lay out information in the first place.

4.

A．He will turn to others for more tips on study.

B．He will look for more ways to change his study guide.

C．He will grasp information by drawing maps in his notes.

D．He will try using pictures and color for his note arrangements.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．By reviewing new words every day.

B．By studying the usage of the new word at night.

C．By connecting the new word with the “old” ones.

D．By applying the new word to daily conversations.

2.

A．Desire to learn a new language.	B．Anxiety to visit a community.
C．Eagerness to have more sleep.	D．Wish to be connected.

3.

A．Roles of dreams in school life.

B．Right attitudes towards language learning.

C．Connections between dreams and language learning.

D．Effective ways to memorize foreign language vocabulary.

10 . 除了推出智能电子产品外，这个公司与客户深化合作，探索数字化转型和可持续发展的道路。 (launch) (汉译英)