1 . Maps, number lines, shapes, artwork and other materials tend to cover elementary classroom walls. However, too much of a good thing may end up _______ attention and learning in young children, according to research published in Psychological Science.

Psychology researchers Anna V. Fisher, Karrie E. Godwin and Howard Seltman of Carnegie Mellon University looked at whether classroom displays affected children’s ability to maintain _______ during instruction and to learn the lesson content. They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted, spent more time off-task and demonstrated smaller learning _______than when the decorations were removed.

“Young children spend a lot of time — usually the whole day — in the same classroom, and we have shown that a classroom’s _______ environment can affect how much children learn,” said Fisher, lead author and associate professor of psychology in the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences.

Should teachers _______ their visual displays based on the findings of this study?

“We do not suggest by any means that this is the answer to all _______ problems. Furthermore,_______ research is needed to know what effect the classroom visual environment has on children’s attention and learning in real classrooms,” Fisher said. “_______, I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations, teachers should consider whether some of their visual displays do make it difficult for young children to _______.”

For the study, 24 kindergarten students were placed in ________classrooms for six introductory science lessons on topics they were unfamiliar with. Three lessons were taught in a heavily decorated classroom, and three lessons were given in a sparse (稀疏的) classroom. The results showed that while children learned in both __________ types, they learned more when the room was not heavily decorated. Specifically, children’s __________ on the test questions was higher in the sparse classroom (55% correct) than in the decorated classroom (42% correct).

“We were also interested in finding out if the visual displays were removed, whether the children’s attention would __________ to another distraction, such as talking to their peers, or the total amount of time they were distracted would remain the same,” said Godwin, a Ph.D. candidate in psychology and fellow of the Program in Interdisciplinary Education Research.

However, when the researchers totaled all of the time children spent off-task in both types of classrooms, the rate of off-task __________ was higher in the decorated classroom (38.6% time spent off-task) than in the sparse classroom (28.4% time spent off-task).

The researchers hope these findings will lead to further studies into developing guidelines to help teachers design classrooms __________.

1.

A．attracting

B．distracting

C．holding

D．paying

2.

A．confidence

B．relationship

C．consistency

D．focus

3.

A．gains

B．opportunities

C．needs

D．disabilities

4.

A．social

B．natural

C．physical

D．visual

5.

A．turn over

B．take down

C．try out

D．look into

6.

A．athletic

B．environmental

C．educational

D．communicative

7.

A．additional

B．prior

C．national

D．independent

8.

A．However

B．Besides

C．Therefore

D．Meanwhile

9.

A．stretch

B．adapt

C．concentrate

D．explore

10.

A．decorated

B．empty

C．transitional

D．laboratory

11.

A．teaching

B．classroom

C．school

D．personality

12.

A．accuracy

B．emphasis

C．impact

D．perspective

13.

A．refer

B．listen

C．respond

D．shift

14.

A．questions

B．behaviors

C．incidents

D．tasks

15.

A．originally

B．innovatively

C．appropriately

D．exclusively

2 . 配备了高水平的智能系统，这款最新一代的机器人可以即时理解人类意图，并对人类互动做出反应。(equip) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . Sea levels along coastlines in the United States will rise about one foot by 2050, with larger increases on the East and Gulf coasts, according to a comprehensive new report by climate scientists.

Oceans have already risen about one foot in the last century, as climate change melts glaciers (冰川) and ice caps around the world. But the pace is ______ scientists warn, and the next 30 years will see the same amount of sea level rise as the previous 100.

The report gives the most concrete and certain sea level ______ ever published for the U.S. And advances in computer models and real-world information about rising seas make it possible to see the future more ______ than ever.

Sea level rise ______ dramatically for different parts of the U.S. coast. The ocean is not like a bucket of water that rises at the same time as more liquid is ______. Ocean ______ push more water into some areas than others. Ice in different regions melts at different rates. In many parts of the world, sea level rise is ______ because coastal land is sinking.

The new report adds up all those factors to give ______ estimates for different parts of the U.S. The authors predict about a foot and a half of sea level rise for the Gulf Coast by 2050, with particular hot spots from Texas to Mississippi, where exploitation of underground oil, gas and drinking water is causing the land to rapidly _____ into the rising ocean water. There are ______ hot spots in the Mid-Atlantic region, including Annapolis, Md. and Norfolk, Va. Overall, the East Coast is ______ to experience a little more than a foot of sea level rise in the next 30 years.

Sea level rise is happening more ______ on the West Coast, including much of southern and western Alaska, the report finds. The authors predict about six inches of sea level rise by 2050.

William Sweet, a sea level rise expert with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and one of the authors of the new report, says cities that are not yet flooded should ______ now. Quickening sea level rise may require that humans ______ where and how we build homes, offices, roads and anything else that is better dry than wet. Right now, development in flood-prone (易发洪水的) areas is increasing, despite climate change.

Beyond 2050, the report makes clear that humans have a ______: reduce greenhouse gas emissions and control sea level rise, or keep burning fossil fuels and face oceans that are two, three or even 10 feet higher than today.

1.

A．dying down

B．paying back

C．holding on

D．speeding up

2.

A．records

B．extremes

C．predictions

D．solutions

3.

A．flexibly

B．clearly

C．randomly

D．incredibly

4.

A．continues

B．impacts

C．multiplies

D．varies

5.

A．added

B．drained

C．spilt

D．needed

6.

A．creatures

B．currents

C．ecosystems

D．voyages

7.

A．stable

B．crucial

C．unlikely

D．worse

8.

A．national

B．regional

C．apparent

D．approximate

9.

A．dig

B．turn

C．collapse

D．dive

10.

A．similar

B．scenery

C．distant

D．diverse

11.

A．projected

B．obliged

C．permitted

D．noticed

12.

A．sharply

B．mysteriously

C．unexpectedly

D．slowly

13.

A．make sense

B．take notice

C．keep pace

D．stay proud

14.

A．scheme

B．cancel

C．change

D．delay

15.

A．promise

B．quarrel

C．choice

D．protest

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.

A．A new educational theory.

B．An innovative try at teaching.

C．A diligent university student.

D．A serious subject in a university.

2.

A．Serious subjects to write about.

B．Fierce competition among students.

C．Happy and cooperative learning.

D．Various topics for students to vote for.

3.

A．Suspicious at first but positive later.

B．Welcome at first but uncertain later.

C．Disapproving at first but shocked later.

D．Excited at first but disappointed later.

6 .

A．He forgot to cancel the reservation.

B．He doesn’t know how to get to the restaurant.

C．They can go to the restaurant late at night.

D．They don’t have a reservation at the restaurant.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。1.

A．At home.

B．In a studio.

C．In office.

D．At school.

2.

A．An English programme.	B．Something annoying.
C．An expression.	D．A goat, called Fred.

3.

A．Neil’s goat is really a mad goat, a trouble maker.

B．Neil really makes Feifei mad.

C．Neil’s goat was really annoying to everyone.

D．Neil’s goat annoys Feifei due to its smell.

4.

A．Your best friend told you that he’s past the driving test.

B．Some cars are blowing their horns when you are doing a test inside.

C．You are riding a bicycle with your classmates in the street.

D．Your neighbour brings you a cake because it is her daughter’s birthday.

8 . 在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness) (汉译英)

9 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 

The Dunning-Kruger Effect

In 1999, social psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger did a series of studies evaluating people’s competence in certain areas. The people in the studies were also asked to evaluate their own abilities in each area. Dunning and Kruger found that people who scored very low on the test tended to overestimate their abilities. Later research has indicated that a similar principle applies to other areas as well. This principle has become known as the Dunning-Kruger effect after the researchers who discovered it. The Dunning-Kruger effect occurs because only when people have skills in a given area are they equipped to evaluate their own skills. For example, in some situations it takes a scientist to recognize bad science.

The opposite of the Dunning-Kruger effect also happens: capable people have a more accurate view of their own abilities, and sometimes they even underestimate themselves. An extreme case of this would be impostor syndrome, which is when a skilled person feels as if they are faking their skills despite knowing what they are doing.

It’s tempting to think of the Dunning-Kruger effect as a problem that other people have. People may even laugh at those who think themselves more competent than they are. But everyone has areas where they lack competence — and the Dunning-Kruger effect means they may be especially bad at identifying those areas. Even if someone is very intelligent in general, there are still things they don’t know much about. Expertise (专业知识) in one area cannot always be transferred to other areas.

That’s why it’s important to keep digging for information even when you think you’ve found answers. It can also be helpful to check your ideas with other people. Receiving negative feedback can hurt, but if you’re willing to listen, it can help you grow. Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists can help you stay humble, accept criticism and, thus, keep learning throughout your life.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10 . It’s long been known that sugary drinks help people pack on unwanted kilograms. But new research suggests that ______ drinks and even 100% fruit juice might raise your risk for some cancers. The study couldn’t prove cause and effect, but it found that drinking as little as 90-120ml of sugary drinks each day was ______ to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer.

The new study was led by Mathilde Touvier, research director at the University of Paris. Her team collected data on more than 100,000 French men and women, average age 42, who took part in a national ______.

The participants answered questions about how much of 3,300 different foods and drinks they consumed each day, and were ______ for up to nine years.

The study uncovered links between the consumption of sugary drinks and the risk of cancer______, and for breast cancer specifically. The investigators found no association between sugary drinks and prostate or colon cancers (前列腺或结肠癌), but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding ______. The research ______ no links between diet sodas (无糖汽水) and cancer, although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted.

The connection between sugary drinks and cancer remained the same even after the team ______for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity, the researchers said.

So, why the ______? According to Touvier’s team, high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation (发炎) — all of which are risk ______ for cancer. It’s also possible that chemicals found in these drinks might play a part in ______ cancer risk, the researchers theorized.

A group representing the drinks industry said sugary drinks can still be a part of the ______ diet, however. In a statement, the American Beverage Association said: “It’s important for people to know that all drinks — either with sugar or without — are ______ to consume as part of a balanced diet. America’s leading drinks companies are working together to support consumers’ efforts to ______ the sugar they consume from our drinks by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front.”

Samantha Heller is a senior clinical nutritionist at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City. She said she wasn’t ______ by the findings. She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do,” Heller said.

1.

A．iced

B．mineral

C．bottled

D．sweetened

2.

A．tied

B．devoted

C．reduced

D．limited

3.

A．game

B．study

C．ceremony

D．examination

4.

A．checked

B．caged

C．occupied

D．followed

5.

A．in general

B．without exception

C．on the contrary

D．by accident

6.

A．unreliable

B．unexpected

C．authoritative

D．original

7.

A．uncovered

B．anticipated

C．established

D．hid

8.

A．hunted

B．adjusted

C．prepared

D．mounted

9.

A．research

B．similarity

C．connection

D．impact

10.

A．behaviors

B．assessments

C．perceptions

D．factors

11.

A．explaining

B．increasing

C．preventing

D．predicting

12.

A．local

B．nutritional

C．average

D．conventional

13.

A．safe

B．impossible

C．exceptional

D．effective

14.

A．neutralize

B．digest

C．remove

D．reduce

15.

A．annoyed

B．surprised

C．embarrassed

D．delighted