1 . If you live in Tokyo or Toronto, you need a warm coat in winter. But you want one that is short, or black, or has a designer brand. The aim of advertising to change our ideas about things we want and we need.

Some ads for designer products use people’s vanity to sell a product. The ads try to create a personality for each brand. For example, one brand of watches is for people who like adventure, with ads featuring an auto racer or a pilot wearing them. Another brand of watches is for elegant and fashionable people, and the ads show wealthy travelers on a cruise ship. The watches look almost the same- only their image as different. When you buy that brand of watch, you are buying the image.     1    

Many ads use people’s emotions to persuade us that we need the product. Think of a TV commercial that shows a woman out driving in a car on a rainy day, with her two small children. Suddenly, another car turns in front of her. The children are still smiling and laughing. The message is: This car will keep you safe.     2     Other examples are slogans that tell you to take vitamins to prevent heart disease, ‘or’ buy insurance- protect your family.

Commercials for soft drinks often show people having a party, playing sports, or enjoying a day at the beach: Everyone in the ad is having a good time. The message is : If you buy this drink, you will have a good time too. Many ads like this are based on people’s desire for fun and enjoyment.

    3     Psychologists have found that people have positive feelings about things they see more often, so the same ad is used for a long time before it is replaced with a new ad. Other studies found that people react better to an ad when it is fresh in their memory, so TV ads are repeated very often.

Knowing about psychology in advertising lets us make better decisions about the things we buy.     4    

A．Advertisements like this one use fear to sell products

B．You have to be careful not to be fooled by the ads on the Internet.

C．But the children may not realize that what they are viewing is unreal.

D．This is the reason that people spend much more money for a product.

E．After an ad is prepared, advertisers use psychology to make it more effective.

F．It helps us know the difference between what we want and what we really need.

2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word that you do not need.

A. included                 B. promising                 C. achievements                 D. proved          E. transfer F. outstanding             G. sign                           H. appearances                  I. scoring          J. capture            K. referred

Ronaldo Luiz Nazario de Lima was born on 22 September 1976 in a poor suburb of Rio de Janeiro. Like most of his childhood friends, Ronaldo began his football (soccer) career playing barefoot in the streets of his neighbourhood. At the age of 14, he joined Sao Cristovao football club and only two years later became the star of Cruzeiro Esporte Clube in Belo Horizonte     1     a total of 58 goals in 60 matches and earning himself a reputation for his explosive pace and     2     finishing skills. His goal — scoring record and unusual quickness led him to be     3     in the Brazilian World Cup winning team the following year. After the World Cup, many top European football clubs were trying to     4     him. Many people, including Brazilian football legend Pele, considered him as the most     5     footballer of his generation.

Since his     6     to Dutch team PSV Eindhoven, Ronaldo’s biography has been one success after another. Two Copa America’s, a UEFA Super Cup, a Dutch Cup, a Spanish Super Cup, and two Player of the Year awards from FIFA, all in the space of two years, are some of Ronaldo’s impressive     7    . On arrival to Inter Milan in 1997, Ronaldo became the idol of the local fans who refer to him as “il Fenomeno (奇才)”.

Since the 1998 World Cup he has suffered serious knee injuries that have severely limited his     8    . Just when people began to wonder whether Ronaldo would be able to continue with his football career, he     9     to the world that he still could play. In the World Cup held in Korea and Japan, the magical striker won the Golden Shoe award and tied Pele’s Brazilian record for career World Cup goals with 12. He helped Brazil     10     its fifth World Cup championship on 30 June with a 2-0 win over Germany. It was the third time that Ronaldo had ever played in the World Cup.

3 . How to Travel to Machu Picchu

Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca (印加). Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (堡垒) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.

Hiking to Machu Picchu

* The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping).

* For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes. Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu.

* Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance.

Tips for Visiting

* Getting Acclimated (适应水土): Where you`re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air.

* Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through a travel agency, all services should be included. Moreover, all entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours.

*Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer (臭氧层) over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.

* Don’t bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends.

1. Andy is a college student majoring in archaeology. He is also a keen lover of extreme sports and a seasoned hiker eager to explore the unbeaten track. Now he is considering hiking to Machu Picchu this Christmas. Which of the following routes is he most likely to choose?

A．The Inca Trail.	B．The Apus Peru Trek.
C．The express Salkantay Trek.	D．The Choquequrao Trek.

2. Which of the following information is TRUE for travelers to Machu Piccu?

A．Vigorous exercise isn’t recommended during the hike for fear of altitude sickness.

B．Visitors should bring rain jackets or umbrellas due to the changeable weather there.

C．Visitors can enter the site anytime during the opening hours and stay for four hours.

D．Tour guide services are necessary for individual and group visitors to enter the site.

3. The underlined word “compromised” can be best replaced by ________.

A．harmed	B．strengthened
C．detected	D．lowered

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Why more young Americans are cyber-bullying themselves

On a Friday night in 2016, Natalie Natividad, a 15-year-old in Hebbronville, took an overdose of pills after enduring months of cyber-bullying. Most of the alleged taunts(所谓的嘲弄)—that she was ugly, that she should kill herself—came on After School, an app    1     allows classmates to discuss one another anonymously(匿名地). Her act led to an investigation. The app’s operators tracked which accounts had sent the abuse, while officials interviewed teachers and students. “We just want some justice,” said Natalie’s sister. “     2     is bullying, I hope that they stop.”

There were no bullies to find. The inquiry revealed that Natalie     3    (send) the abusive messages to herself secretly. Such anonymous “digital self-harm” is increasingly common. But why do it?

Ana, a 20-year-old from Alabama, says she wanted to see     4     someone would stand up for her. At 14, she anonymously posted insults about her appearance to Ask. com, a public question-and-answer site. Then she waited for other people     5    (defend) her. Her motivations, to express self-loathing(厌恶) and to get a reaction, are some of the most common among children who abuse themselves online. In fact, over half of those     6    (interview) say digital self-harm achieved what they had hoped for.

However, much about digital self-harm is still poorly understood. Even the reason for its recent increase has puzzled researchers. Mr Hinduja guesses that the rise is related to increasing emotional instability among adolescents. That     7    (reflect) in a host of other online trends. Some young people turn to a less direct version — seeking out existing self-destructive content.     8     hint that they want a response by posting emotional confessions on social media in the hope that friends will comfort them.

As a technological matter, identifying digital self-harm is relatively easy. Usually this involves finding the computer or account that created the harmful material. The harder part is     9     to do after that, says Mr Patchin. Teachers and parents     10     treat digital self-harm as an indication of other underlying problems. The worst response, according to Ms Englander, would be to dismiss evidence of bullying simply because it might be faked.

5 . 这位年轻科学家积极参与推广高科技农业，并号召人们关注环境的保护。（appeal） （汉译英）

6 . 在社交网络日渐流行的今天，高中生使用QQ、微信、B站等平台的频率日渐增多。网络平台给同学们提供学习资源的同时，也带来了虚假新闻、滥用言论自由等问题。请就这一社会现象发表看法，内容包括：
1. 简述目前网络平台的一些问题；
2. 提出你对改善网络环境的建议及理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 谣言说，目击者在事故现场进行实况转播，这原本能给警方提供有力证词，但一些网民借题发挥，使得民众难以区分偏见与事实。(it) （汉译英）

8 . 这部由著名影星主演的电影还有很久才搬上银幕，但是导演仍然用预告片对电影的内容进行了概述。(star) （汉译英）

9 . If you wrestle with insomnia (失眠) (and, consequently, the bed covers!), you probably have beer tempted to try anything that promises better sleep.     1    . Add a weighted blanket to those bedcovers!

“They’ve become the sleep tool to have,” says Alanna McGinn, founder and lead sleep expert at Good Night Sleep Site. “I’m a huge advocate of them because they can work so well.” About 32% of Americans don’t get enough sleep, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Experts there recommend at least seven hours of shut-eye per night for adults.

    2    . In a study involving adults aged 20-30, experts found that both males and females are associated with a high-quality state of mind and feel-good hormones. However in males, more respiratory diseases were found due to slipcovers, and studies suggest that insomnia isn’t just a problem for males. A weighted blanket can increase the incidence of heart disease.

A 2022 review looked at eight studies and concluded that weighted blankets helped reduce anxiety but not necessarily insomnia. Just as swaddling babies can send them to sleep, using a weighted blanket helps your heart and breathing slow and your body release feel-good hormones, including serotonin (血清素).     3    . A randomized controlled study in Sweden looked at 120 people with insomnia and also depression, anxiety or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), finding that those who used a weighted blanket reported they had better sleep, and meanwhile, they were less tired, anxious and depressed during the day.

People with circulatory conditions such as diabetes, or breathing issues such as asthma or sleep apnea, should check with their doctor before using a weighted blanket. “    4    ”. adds McGinn.

A．Other research shows benefits beyond alleviating worry.

B．And if you’re someone who gets a little claustrophobic (幽闭恐惧症), it’s probably not the best thing for you.

C．Males are more likely than females to have trouble falling and staying asleep.

D．One thing that might sound a little weird but that has been known to work.

E．But the other side of the picture is quite the opposite.

F．However, research shows that this kind of sleeping mode is a double-edged sword.

10 . The Meaning of Life According to Different Philosophies

Can the meaning of life be told in a word? Why live? Here we visualized the most prominent philosophies that tackled this question over the past 5000 years.

1. Theism: Dates back to prehistoric times

Theism is the proposition that God or a Supreme Being exists. The meaning of life is then prescribed by the God that one believes in. Theism dates back to the dawn of humanity where it was practiced in its various forms depending on what a group of humans believed their god to be like.

2. Daoism: 5th Century BC

Daoism offers people a painless way of finding life’s meaning through Wu Wei “action without intention” or “naturalness”. Such action leads to finding the Dao, which is “the way”.

3. Determinism: 6th Century BC

Determinism is the idea that all events happen as a result of previously existing causes. Since nothing can be changed in a pre-determined world; a person cannot have free will. One of its well-known representatives is the French philosopher and mathematician & Rene Descartes (1596- 1650).

4. Cynicism: 4th Century BC

The Cynics attempt to offer people the possibility of happiness and freedom from suffering in the age of uncertainty. The meaning of life is mental lucidity and self-sufficiency. To achieve self-sufficiency, a person must become free from external influences—such as wealth, fame, and power, then he will regain the clear comprehensibility of life and forge ahead and advance bravely.

5. Platonism: 4th Century BC

For the Greek philosopher & Plato (c. 428-c. 347 BC), the meaning of life is the pursuit of knowledge. In his book Apology, Plato quotes his teacher & Socrates (c. 470-399 BC) saying that “the unexamined life is not worth living”. In a nutshell, Platonism is the idea that there exist such things as “pure forms” which are abstractions. An abstraction is something that neither exists in space nor time. Knowledge of “pure forms” is the meaning of life. Plato’s most influential work is ‘The Republic’ published around 375 BC.

6. Aristotelianism: 3rd Century BC

The Greek philosopher & Aristotle (385-322 BC) reminds us that no one lives a good life in order to achieve some other goal. Being a good person in itself is sufficient. Virtue is the goal.

Virtue and the rules of ethics are not a theoretical concept according to Aristotle. Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics is the best known work on his thinking.

7. Kantianism: in 1785

Kantianism proposes that every human action should be judged according to a universal maxim, or principle. If an action violates a principle, then a person failed their duty toward humans. So, the meaning of life is in continuously fulfilling your duty to follow universal principles, and human beings possess this set of cognition from historical and dimensional viewpoints, so that the sensory materials can be formed into knowledge.

1. According to the passage, the underlined word “lucidity” most probably refers to something ________.

A．anxiety and grief	B．free from obscurity
C．resentment and envy	D．self-esteem and self-confidence

2. What is the main difference between the approaches of Platonism and Kantianism?

A．Kantianism belongs to the school of thought which takes idealism(唯心) into account, while Platonism focuses on pragmatic(实用的) ideas.

B．Platonissn emphasizes examined facts more than Kantianism.

C．Kantianism proposes the temporal and spacial concept from sensing intuition(直觉), which doesn’t exist in the abstraction of Platonism.

D．Platonism render virtues indispensable while Kantianism takes morality as the ultimate pursuit of life.

3. If you plan to write a report based on the Facts about the schools of thought, please rearrange the facts to complete the report as follows.

The Philosophies of Life Ⅰ. Reason and Rules ... Ⅱ. Spontaneity and Virtue ... Ⅲ. Divine(神的) and Destiny ...

A．Ⅰ. Theory 4, 5, 7;       Ⅱ. Theory 2, 6;       Ⅲ. Theory 1, 3

B．Ⅰ. Theory 5, 7, 6;       Ⅱ. Theory 2, 3;       Ⅲ. Theory 1, 4

C．Ⅰ. Theory 3, 4, 5;       Ⅱ. Theory 1, 6;       Ⅲ. Theory 2, 7

D．Ⅰ. Theory 3, 6, 7;       Ⅱ. Theory 1, 5;       Ⅲ. Theory 2, 4