Chinese scientists have created starch(淀粉) using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study
It's the first time in the world that synthesis(合成) of starch from CO2
According to Ma Yanhe,
Creating carbohydrates more efficiently is so important for
3 . Molecular gastronomy is nothing new. The art of breaking down a dish into its individual parts has been around for many years. You see it most commonly on cooking shows as the “deconstructed forms of popular meals. For example, a deconstructed Lasagna might consist of tomato soup, cheese curds, and tiny pieces of pasta — they’re all the parts that make up a lasagna, separated and presented on their own. As a cooking method, molecular gastronomy’s meant to take familiar tastes and present them in a new and adventurous way using special equipment and techniques. It’s expensive and time-consuming, but does present a unique dining experience that is impossible to recreate at home. Some ingredients are prepared through freeze-drying or dehydration — it’s very different from baking a loaf of bread or a cake.
French chemist Herve This believes instead of using traditional ingredients to add flavors, we’ll use their chemical compounds to recreate those flavors in other foods. “In 2050,” he said, “there will be many more people on Earth. This means getting enough protein will become a problem and the solution will probably be plant or insect proteins. We need expertise to cook these new ingredients. We are slowly introducing them so the public can use them. This is note by note cooking.”
His argument causes concern: most people, used to proteins from meat or plants, are going to feel uneasy about the new sources. He also shows that the “clean label” movement is harmful to our diets. The idea behind it is a move towards shorter ingredient lists with familiar ingredients. While there are chemical compounds in food that can do us harm, it has led to the public fearing unfamiliar terms on the back of the package. “Take citric acid for example. It is in lemon, so what’s the problem?” he asks.
Whether you agree or disagree, it will take molecular gastronomy some time to truly take over the entire world. Cooking, no matter the method, is a form of chemistry. It makes sense to advance it alongside the other sciences. So, while pizza won’t be delivered flash-frozen or dehydrated any time soon, it may one day in the not-too-distant future.
1. Why is the deconstructed lasagna mentioned in paragraph 1?| A．To encourage people to cook at home. |
| B．To make molecular gastronomy easy to understand. |
| C．To show how people can have a pleasant dining experience. |
| D．To explain how molecular gastronomy is applied in practice. |
| A．The serious lack of expert cooks. |
| B．The growing population of the world. |
| C．The public’s easy acceptance of plant proteins. |
| D．The public’s reduced interest in traditional ingredients. |
| A．It is environment-friendly. | B．It leads to people going on a diet. |
| C．It can mislead people sometimes. | D．It has caused people lots of trouble. |
| A．Carefree. | B．Doubtful. | C．Worried. | D．Positive. |
4 . Since the first day of preschool, I was always the type to invest more time in my physical war than social activities, the type that
My entire existence has been defined by the summers I’ve spent in Avalon, New Jersey. Then, in my 14th summer, I got a job, which made a
At first it frightened me:The idea of having to
The place was Brian’s Waffle House. At the beginning I was very nervous,
My summer job has helped guide me in my own personal growth. Now I
| A．ignored | B．convinced | C．envied | D．consulted |
| A．confidently | B．definitely | C．fortunately | D．secretly |
| A．expectation | B．strength | C．excuse | D．ambition |
| A．emerged from | B．departed from | C．suffered from | D．recovered from |
| A．introduction | B．contribution | C．discovery | D．difference |
| A．excite | B．possess | C．abandon | D．threaten |
| A．shyness | B．delight | C．curiosity | D．pressure |
| A．secure | B．strange | C．formal | D．natural |
| A．as | B．or | C．but | D．so |
| A．restore | B．lose | C．establish | D．maintain |
| A．memory | B．experience | C．incident | D．journey |
| A．dare | B．fail | C．promise | D．demand |
| A．goal | B．plan | C．choice | D．chance |
| A．assessed | B．acquired | C．exercised | D．applied |
| A．ready | B．eager | C．grateful | D．suitable |
5 . The official line on Marie-Eve Chainey in the women’s high jump read “NH” — shorthand for “No Height” — not exactly a fitting designation for an athlete who truly jumped very high.
For some athletes at the Canadian track and field championships in August 2010, a prideful return meant posting fast times after a slow season. For Chainey, it meant returning to top competition after a nine-year battle with kidney (肾) disease. Three years ago, she was unable to walk and even had no strength to wash her hair.
As a 14-year-old, Chainey would often travel 820 kilometres from Kapuskasing to Toronto to train under coach Gary Lubin at York University. At 18, Chainey went to Spain to learn the language and continue her high-jump training. While there, she became so dizzy (晕) she had to be hospitalized. That’s when she got the news: Her kidneys were no longer working. She hasn’t known life without dialysis (透析) since.
Healthy kidneys remove waste products from the blood. In dialysis treatment, a machine cleans the blood at regular periods, for example, three times a week. Chainey has been using nightly dialysis, which works while she sleeps.
Since her original diagnosis, Chainey has had to face four returns and countless other difficulties, including going blind for two months. She was told over and over she’d never jump again because her muscles were too damaged. But for Chainey, jumping is like breathing.
“From when I got sick, the goal that I had was to just be back jumping,” she said. “Jumping was basically my happy place. Even now more so. Because I’m sick and there’s so much going on, when I go to high jump, I don’t think about anything else than just high jump and enjoying it. It is surely my getaway. I feel normal because I don’t have to think about anything else.”
So on the eve of the national championships, the 27-year-old was not about to be deterred by a difficult night of dialysis. “I’m very stubborn (执着), I’m very hard-headed … I just had to find a way that I would be able to jump, no matter what.”
Chainey certainly felt nervous at the championships; her hands wouldn’t stop shaking once the competition began. She didn’t clear the starting height of 1.50 meters, which she had managed to get over in practice. Still, you’d be hard pressed to find a happier last-place finisher anywhere.
“Just being out there, especially when they lined us up and they introduced us to the crowd, it was a special moment that I’ll always remember,” she said. “I didn’t feel comfortable at first because I didn’t feel I belonged. But although I didn’t get a height, I still feel I belonged there. It felt wonderful just to have the opportunity and experience this.”
Chainey says kidney disease has cured her of her perfectionism. “I’ve always been a straight A student, always done well in sports and piano,” she said. “So when I got sick, my life wasn’t perfect anymore. I had to learn how to live with what you have, that I had limits. That was a very good lesson for me, to know that things aren’t always perfect but you can still make the best of it.”
Lubin is not surprised by her determination. “She used to come down from Kapuskasing, a 12-hour train ride... in order to train. When I talk to my athletes about devotion, I say, ‘Don’t tell me you came from Burlington. You think that’s far? How about Kapuskasing?’ This is the type of person she is.”
1. Early on, how did Chainey prove her devotion to high jumping?| A．She went to Kapuskasing to train competitively. |
| B．She competed at the Canadian track and field championships. |
| C．She frequently travelled long distances to train at York University. |
| D．She competed even though she had received dialysis treatments. |
| A．cause and effect | B．present to past |
| C．similarities and differences | D．more important to less important |
| A．Chainey does not like jumping at all. | B．It’s OK that Chainey can’t jump. |
| C．Chainey is fond of jumping. | D．It’s dangerous for Chainey to jump. |
| A．stopped | B．punished | C．confused | D．influenced |
| A．Chainey became dissatisfied with anything less than a win. |
| B．Chainey stopped using jumping as an escape from her troubles. |
| C．Chainey no longer expected to be perfect in what she attempted. |
| D．Chainey valued her fellow competitors as encouraging supporters. |
| A．She had jumped her personal best. | B．She had met her coach’s expectations. |
| C．She had defeated her closest competitor. | D．She had returned to the sport she enjoyed. |
Homelessness is a tragic reality of the world we live in. While many believe that the people who live on the streets are there because they fail to put in enough effort, the truth is much more complex(复杂的). And it is important to realize that.
When Dominique Harrison-Bentzen, at age 22, found herself stranded(滞留) in the streets, she was saved by a homeless man. In an unbelievable act of kindness, the homeless man offered her his last remaining ￡3 so she could pay for a taxi to get home safely. “We met when I was trying to get home but I realized I had no money. I had lost my bank card after a night out. I suddenly realized that I had no money and I cried sadly. Then a dirty homeless man walked to me, which made me more scared. I didn’t know who he was and what he was going to do,” Dominique recalled. When she was about to run away, he stopped her and asked her if she needed help. “His smile was so kind that I believed him. After learning the truth, he comforted me and helped me with his only change of ￡3. He told me to take it to pay for a taxi to make sure I got home safely,” Dominique added.
“He doesn’t look like a bad guy. Why is he homeless?” Dominique thought. After a short conversation, Dominique found out that the kind man named Robbie had become homeless and jobless just 7 months before she met him. He got laid off from his job because of his illness. Since then, he had been doing part-time jobs. He worked hard. However, things were not getting better. The conditions of homelessness made it even more difficult to find stable(稳定的) jobs and get out of the streets. Despite it all, Robbie never lost his kindness. Many said that he came to their help in Preston city centre, returning lost wallets to walkers and offering his own scarf to keep others warm. Dominique was moved. Dominique didn’t take his money but his kindness left a lasting mark on her.
Paragraph 1：
Days later, Dominique vowed(发誓) she would help him back and she wanted to find him first.
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Paragraph 2：
Dominique wanted to change his life completely by raising money for him.
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