1 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
每个年代出生的国人都会被贴上年代标签。有人说80后（post-80s）是垮掉的一代（beat generation）。90后（post-90s）是迷惘的一代（lost generation）； 也有人说80后是奋斗的（industrious），90后是光明的（promising）。
作为一名00后（post-00s）， 你会给自己贴上怎样的年代标签呢？ 请结合所见所闻，说明自己的理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你在校报上看到一篇有关教育部“双减”工作的报道，要求减少课外辅导，你对此颇有感触，请你给校报写一封信，信的内容包括：
1. 你是否赞成此做法
2. 你的理由
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . [1] It has been said that the English and the Americans are two great people separated by one language. Among these differences, how space is treated always goes unnoticed.

[2] The middle-class American growing up in the United States feels he has a right to have his own room, or at least part of a room. American women who want to be alone can go to the bedroom and close the door. The closed door is the sign meaning “Do not disturb” or “ I’ m angry.”   An American is available if his door is open at home or at his office. He is expected not to shut himself off but to maintain himself in a state of constant readiness to answer the demands of others.

[3] …?

[4] The contrasting English and American patterns have some remarkable implications, particularly if we assume that man, like other animals, has a built-in need to shut himself off from others from time to time. An English student told me what happened when hidden patterns conflicted. He was quite obviously experiencing strain(压力) in his relationships with Americans. Nothing seemed to go right and it was quite clear from his remarks that we did not know how to behave. An analysis of his complaints showed that a major source of irritation(恼怒) was that no American seemed to be able to pick up the subtle clues that there were times when he didn’t want his thoughts interrupted. As he stated it, “I’m walking around the apartment and it seems that whenever I want to be alone my roommate starts talking to me. Pretty soon he’s asking “What’s the matter?” and wants to know if I’m angry. By then I am angry and say something.”

[5] Now the picture seems quite clear. When the American wants to be alone he goes into a room and shuts the door--- he depends on spatial features for screening. For an American to refuse to talk to someone else present in the same room, to give them the “silent treatment,” is the eventual form of rejection and a sure sign of great displeasure. The English, on the other hand, lacking rooms of their own since childhood, never developed the practice of using space as a refuge from others. They have in fact internalized(内化) a set of barriers, which they erect and which others are supposed to recognize. Therefore, the more the Englishman shuts himself off when he is with an American, the more likely the American is to break in to assure himself that all is well. Tension lasts until the two get to know each other. The important point is that the spatial and spatial needs of each are not the same at all.

1. What will the paragraph 3 (which is omitted in the paper) more probably talk about?

A．The conditions of the English with regard to their understanding of space.

B．The response of the Americans to some unexpected demands of others.

C．The reaction of working class and upper class Americans to space.

D．The illustration of the living environment of upper-and middle-class Englishman.

2. The author mentions an English student in paragraph 4 in order to _______.

A．prove humans are born with the need to keep themselves to themselves sometimes

B．demonstrate the contrasting features of the American and British problems in conflict

C．analyze why the British tend to be left alone without his thoughts being interrupted

D．stress the importance of reading delicate clues in communication with foreigners

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The Americans’ failure to recognize the English’s need for space may cause the conflict.

B．The English prefer to tell those around not to disturb them when they are in low spirits.

C．The Americans are more willing to socialize with others in the workplace than the English.

D．The Americans will not refuse to talk to others unless they are in intense annoyance.

4. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

A．The difference between the English and the Americans in space lies in their use of English.

B．The English and the Americans have been adapted quite differently with regard to space.

C．The Americans have different concepts of space because they tend to enjoy more space.

D．The English prefer to pour their inner thoughts to others when they are in great trouble.

4 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.

Since the dawn of civilization, crop diversity has always been holding an important position as the foundation of agriculture. Food plants have been domesticated, selected, exchanged, and improved by farmers in traditional ways, within traditional production systems. This process has been hugely accelerated and focused by scientific crop improvement, leading to the steady rise in yields since the 1960s. Half of the increase in food production globally can be attributed to genetic improvement.

But experts say the number of crops has decreased sharply during the past century. One of the world’s largest seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could permanently disappear. The rich collection of genes that decide their qualities would disappear with them.

Many experts blame climate change for damaging plant life. Rising temperatures, changing seasonal patterns and increasing frequency of extreme weather events are the invisible hand behind the great reduction. Others say human activities and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says modern business farming is responsible for loss of farmers’ traditional crop varieties. Though the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from starvation, some traditional crops were lost during the process.

More recently, the UN Sustainable Development Goals have called for global efforts to highlight the protection and revival of crop diversity as an important means to ensure that crop diversity is conserved and made available for food and nutritional security to feed the increasing population of our planet. On top of the agenda is to maintain the genetic diversity of seeds and cultivated plants through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels. Equally important, more government funds be channeled into rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in less developed countries.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . What is time? Is it a thing to be saved or spent or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no ______ over, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? That’s an easy question, you say. Wherever you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so forth. Well, maybe. But in America, time is more than that. Americans see time as a ______ resource. Maybe that’s why they are fond of the expression, “Time is money.”

Because Americans believe time is a limited resource, they try to conserve and manage it. People in the U.S. often attend lectures or read books on time ______ . It seems they all want to ______ their time better. Professionals carry around pocket planners—some in electronic form to keep ______ of appointments and deadlines. People do all they can to ______ more life out of their time. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed this view best: “Do you love life? Then do not waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.”

To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing ______ for other people’s time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the ______. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be ______ on time.

American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks ______. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is ______. Also, people ______ to call others late at night for fear they might be in bed. The time may ______, but most folks think twice about calling after 10:00 p.m.

Even Americans would admit that no one can master time. Time—like money—______ all too easily through our fingers. And time—like the weather— is very hard to ______. Nevertheless, time is one of life’s most precious gifts. And unwrapping it is half the fun.

1.

A．effect

B．sense

C．control

D．notice

2.

A．natural

B．valuable

C．financial

D．forceful

3.

A．management

B．establishment

C．Experiment

D．movement

4.

A．Spare

B．pass

C．organize

D．kill

5.

A．track

B．account

C．secret

D．diary

6.

A．drive

B．push

C．release

D．squeeze

7.

A．respect

B．gratitude

C．sympathy

D．concern

8.

A．excuse

B．accident

C．delay

D．schedule

9.

A．extremely

B．thoroughly

C．automatically

D．exactly

10.

A．on average

B．in advance

C．for sure

D．on purpose

11.

A．convenient

B．accessible

C．casual

D．flexible

12.

A．fail

B．tend

C．hesitate

D．hate

13.

A．change

B．vary

C．extend

D．range

14.

A．spends

B．disappears

C．shrinks

D．slips

15.

A．capture

B．predict

C．announce

D．classify

6 . Questions are based on the following passage.
1.

A．Because they haven’t as much interest in finding the cure as in space travel.

B．Because there are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.

C．Because it is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.

D．Because they believe people can recover without treatment.

2.

A．They reveal the seriousness of the problem.

B．They indicate how fast the virus spreads.

C．They tell us what kind of medicine to take.

D．They show our body is fighting the virus.

3.

A．It can actually does more harm than good.

B．It causes damage to some organs of our body.

C．It works better when combined with other remedies.

D．It helps us to recover much sooner.

7 . What the scientists are saying…

The first primate (灵长目动物) clones

For the first time, scientists have used the technique that produced Dolly the sheep to clone monkeys. The Chinese researchers who produced the two macaques say that having access to genetically identical primates will be a huge ____ to medical research. It will give scientists a clearer understanding of genetic ____ by enabling them to compare animals who are identical except for one tweaked gene; when ____ drugs, it will make it possible to rule out the possibility that variations in outcomes are down to genetic ____. But other experts have raised a host of ____. The somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique involves ____ a cell nucleus to a donated nucleus-free egg that is then prompted to develop into an embryo(胚胎). Although 23 species have been cloned in this way, primates have only been cloned before using a less complex embryo-splitting technique. Similar to the process that creates twins, it can only lead to a very ____ number of genetically identical individuals. SCNT can in ____ lead to a far larger number of clones, but in the Chinese experiment, the fail rate was very high. The team implanted scores of embryos, but only two monkeys survived beyond a few days. ____ to that is the concern that by cloning a primate species, the team has broken down a significant ____ on the way to cloning humans.

Herbal remedy danger

Herbal remedies such as St. John’s wort and ginseng may be ___ when used alongside conventional drugs, reports The Guardian. In a review of medical literature, researchers at Stellenbosch University in South Africa found several __ of alternative treatments appearing to ____ with prescription drugs, resulting in potentially dangerous side effects. In one case, the autopsy (解剖) of a 55-year-old who died while swimming concluded that the ginkgo biloba supplements he had been taking may have ____ his anti-seizure (防止发作) medicine. Other cases documented patients on statins appearing to suffer complications linked to flaxseed, St. John’s wort and green tea. “If you are taking herbal remedies, you should ____it to your clinician,” said one of the report’s authors, Dr Charles Awortwe.

1.

A．threat

B．damage

C．benefit

D．potential

2.

A．variations

B．diseases

C．structures

D．factors

3.

A．manufacturing

B．applying

C．testing

D．prescribing

4.

A．mess

B．differences

C．losses

D．recombination

5.

A．concerns

B．focuses

C．funds

D．suspicion

6.

A．translating

B．transferring

C．connecting

D．reversing

7.

A．magnificent

B．astonishing

C．limited

D．accurate

8.

A．theory

B．reality

C．advance

D．addition

9.

A．Attached

B．Related

C．Compared

D．Added

10.

A．access

B．key

C．barrier

D．contribution

11.

A．harmful

B．useful

C．helpful

D．purposeful

12.

A．methods

B．figures

C．problems

D．instances

13.

A．deal

B．interact

C．mix

D．identify

14.

A．put forward

B．moved up

C．held down

D．carried on

15.

A．claim

B．avoid

C．classify

D．mention

8 . Questions are based on the following passage.
1.

A．70.

B．80.

C．130.

D．15.

2.

A．On Tuesdays.	B．On Wednesdays.
C．On Sundays.	D．On Mondays.

3.

A．The English Family club.	B．The painting club.
C．The sports club.	D．The music club.

9 . The psychology of innovation

Why are so few companies truly innovation?

Innovation is key to business survival, and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centres designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.

For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fit between an employee’s values and a company’s values makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company.

One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’ n’ roll emphasizes Ciaidini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionize popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.

Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s easy for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’ to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’

Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be better than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the genetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded because they were aware that they weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’

Writing, visualizing and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packets encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Com Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.

Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. Many theorists believe the ideal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and giving credit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should encourage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important to making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognizing these psychological realities.

1. The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point about____.

A．recognizing talent.

B．working as a team.

C．having a shared objective.

D．being an effective leader.

2. James Watson suggests that he and Francis Crick won the race to discover the DNA code because they ____.

A．were conscious of their own limitations.

B．brought complementary skills to their partnership.

C．were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.

D．encouraged each other to realize their joint ambition.

3. The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an example of how to____.

A．inspire creative thinking.

B．generate concise writing.

C．promote loyalty to a group.

D．strengthen commitment to an idea.

4. In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that it is important for employees to____.

A．be aware of their company’s goals.

B．feel that their contributions are valued.

C．have respect for their co-workers’ achievements.

D．understand why certain management decisions are made.

10 . Rewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and to preserve cultural values. In all cultures, parents must teach their children to _______ the community's moral rules and to avoid danger. Adults also condition(训练) each other's observance of social norms, using methods ranging from _______ forms of disapproval such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark, to putting to death individuals for behavior considered abnormal or dangerous. The caning(鞭打) of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore in 1994 brought wide media attention to _______ differences in the application of punishment. Faced with increasing violence at home, many Americans prove Singapore's punishment to maintain social   _______. Was Fay's punishment effective? Whether he _______ avoids vandalism(故意破坏公物) is unknown, but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singapore ———which he left promptly.

The techniques societies use to maintain social control _______ in part with the dangers and threats that confront them. The Gusii of Kenya, with a history of tribal warfare, face threats not only from outsiders but also from natural forces, including wild animals. Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on _______ in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children. Caning, food deprivation, and _______ shelter and protection are common forms of punishment.

_______, the Mixtecans of Juxtiahuaca, Mexico, are a highly cohesive(有凝聚力的) community, with little internal conflict, and social norms that encourage __________. Their social patterns appear __________, for the Mixtecans are dominated by the nearby Spanish Mexicans, who control the official government and many economic resources in their region. The Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or jail sentences or use physical punishment to prevent aggression. Social rejection is the most feared punishment, and social ties within the community are very strong, so responses that __________ these ties are effective in maintaining social order.

In the United States, __________ of social rejection was a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior, especially in small communities. Today, even imprisonment does not appear to be an adequate __________ to many forms of crime, especially violent crime. Although one reason is the inconsistent application of punishment, another may be the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the __________ shame it once had, so that prison is no longer as an effective punishment.

1.

A．learn

B．challenge

C．observe

D．revise

2.

A．routine

B．traditional

C．critical

D．mild

3.

A．moral

B．cultural

C．historical

D．religious

4.

A．service

B．order

C．welfare

D．respect

5.

A．dramatically

B．purposefully

C．consequently

D．specifically

6.

A．vary

B．match

C．cope

D．meet

7.

A．threats

B．conflicts

C．rewards

D．praise

8.

A．dominating

B．neglecting

C．preventing

D．withdrawing

9.

A．For example

B．On the contrary

C．In contrast

D．In fact

10.

A．competition

B．bravery

C．creativity

D．cooperation

11.

A．adaptive

B．simple

C．orderly

D．casual

12.

A．threaten

B．strengthen

C．loosen

D．lengthen

13.

A．extent

B．problem

C．fear

D．experience

14.

A．check

B．clue

C．impact

D．judgement

15.

A．occasional

B．weak

C．constant

D．intense