每年的4月23日为世界读书日。明启中学学生会为宣传该主题日,鼓励同学发掘阅读之乐,特向各个班级征集海报。现有两份海报脱颖而出,进入最后的角逐。假设你是王磊,请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件必须满足以下要求:
1. 简要描述你选择的海报;
2. 说明选择的理由。
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2 . People with a rare genetic disorder known as Prader-Willi syndrome never feel full, and this excess hunger can lead to life-threatening obesity (肥胖症). Scientists studying the problem have now found that the fist-shaped structure known as the cerebellum (小脑) — which had not previously been linked to hunger — is key to regulating satiation (饱食) in those with this condition.
This finding is the latest in a series of discoveries revealing that the cerebellum, long thought to be primarily involved in movement harmony, also plays a broad role in cognition, emotion and behavior. “We’ve opened up a whole field of cerebellar control of food intake,” says Albert Chen, a neuroscientist at the Scintillon Institute in California.
The project began with an accidental observation: Chen and his team noticed they could make mice stop eating by activating small pockets of neurons (神经元) in regions known as the anterior deep cerebellar nuclei (aDCN), within the cerebellum. Fascinated, the researchers gathered data using functional MRI to compare brain activity in 14 people who had Prader-Willi syndrome with activity in 14 unaffected people while each testee viewed images of food -- either immediately following a meal or after fasting (禁食) for at least four hours.
New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. Further experiments on mice, conducted by researchers from several different institutions, demonstrated that activating the animals’ aDCN neurons dramatically reduced food intake by weakening how the brain’s pleasure center responds to food.
For years neuroscientists studying appetite focused mainly either on the hypothalamus, a brain area involved in regulating energy balance, or on reward-processing centers such as the nucleus accumbens (伏隔核). But this group has identified a new feeding center in the brain, says Elanor Hinton, a neuroscientist at the University of Bristol in England who was not involved with the study. “I’ve been working in appetite research for the past 15 years or so, and the cerebellum has just not been a target,” Hinton says. “I think this is going to be important both for Prader-Willi syndrome and, much more widely, to address obesity in the general population.”
1. Before the recent study, scientists had assumed that the cerebellum ________.A.helps control everyday food intake |
B.plays a minor role in movement harmony |
C.has nothing to do with appetite regulation |
D.has a direct link to behavioral development |
A.the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fasting |
B.food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome |
C.the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fasting |
D.the aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images |
A.It may help in the early diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome. |
B.It will have broader implications for the treatment of obesity. |
C.The potential feeding center in human brain remains to be discovered. |
D.More studies are needed to understand the link between appetite and reward-processing. |
A.How our brain controls overeating. |
B.How the aDCN works up our appetite. |
C.How Prader-Willi syndrome can be prevented. |
D.How lowering food intake benefits our overall health. |
假如你是明启中学的李华,学校校报正在开展关于线上直播课(live-streamed lessons)的讨论。有人觉得线上直播课让学习更加灵活,拓展了学习的空间和时间。然而,也有人觉得线上直播课存在缺乏互动、学习效率不高等问题。请投稿给学校校报,就此话题结合个人实际谈谈你的看法。
你的投稿须包含:
1. 你对此话题的看法;
2. 你的个人实际。
假定你是明启中学的学生李华,你校交换生 Allen 打算在圣诞节为他的父母各送一件具有典型中国文化特色的礼物。他初步选出了四件礼物:旗袍(cheongsam)、紫砂茶具(purple clay tea set)、丝绸围巾(silk scarf)、书画折扇(calligraphy and painting folding fan),现在发邮件向你咨询。请你给他写封邮件,谈谈你的意见。内容包括:
1. 为他父母分别推荐的一件礼物;
2. 推荐这两件礼物的理由;
3. 对 Allen 父母的问候。
注意:作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级和学校等真实信息。
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5 . “A writer’s job is to tell the truth,” said Hemingway in 1942. No other writer of our time had so fiercely stated, or so consistently (一贯地) illustrated the writer’s duty to speak truly. His standard of truth-telling remained, moreover, so high and so strict that he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary evidence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience. “I only know what I have seen”, was a statement which came often to his lips and pen. What he had personally done, or what he knew unforgettably by having gone through one version of it, was what he was interested in telling about.
The primary intention of his writing, from first to last, was to seize and project for the reader what he often called “the way it was”. This is a characteristically simple phrase for a concept of extraordinary complexity, and Hemingway’s concept of its meaning subtly (微妙地) changed several times in the course of his career - always in the direction of greater complexity. At the core of the concept, however, one can invariably recognize the operation of three instruments of beauty appreciation: the sense of place, the sense of fact, and the sense of scene.
The first of these, obviously a strong passion with Hemingway, is the sense of place. “Unless you have geography, background,” he once told George Antheil, “you have nothing.” You have, that is to say, a dramatic vacuum. Few writers have been more place-conscious. Few have so carefully charted out the geographical ground work of their novels while managing to keep background so unnoticeable. Few, accordingly, have been able to record more economically and graphically the way it is when you watch the bulls running through the streets of Pamplona, Spain towards the bull-ring.
“When I woke it was the sound of the rocket exploding that announced the release of the bulls. Down below the narrow street was empty. All the balconies were crowded with people. Suddenly a crowd came down the street. They were all running, packed close together. They passed along and up the street toward the bull-ring and behind them came more men running faster, and then some stragglers (落后者) who were really running. Behind them was a little bare space, and then the bulls tossing their heads up and down. It all went out of sight around the corner. One man fell, rolled to the gutter (排水沟), and lay quiet. But the bulls went right on and did not notice him. They were all running together.”
1. What’s the main idea of the first two paragraphs?A.Hemingway’s writing began from reality and then he would let his mind wander. |
B.Hemingway’s primary purpose in writing was to report faithfully reality as he experienced it. |
C.Hemingway’s writing reflects his preference for a simple story that the reader would thoroughly enjoy. |
D.Hemingway would construct a story that would reflect truths that were not particular to a specific historical period. |
A.Stories that he had experienced rather than read about. |
B.Stories that he had read about in newspapers or other sources. |
C.Stories that he had heard from friends or chance acquaintances. |
D.Stories that came to him in periods of deep thinking or in dreams. |
A.it shows how Hemingway understated complex issues in his books. |
B.it reflects Hemingway’s talent for making ordinary events difficult to understand. |
C.Hemingway’s obsession for geographic details overshadowed the dramatic element of his stories. |
D.the relationship between simplicity and complexity reflected the relationship between the style and content of Hemingway’s writing. |
A.To vividly illustrate how exciting the bull run is. |
B.To demonstrate that all kinds of runners can take part in the bull run. |
C.To show Hemingway’s delicate description of the background of the bull run. |
D.To place greater emphasis on the importance of geography, economically speaking. |
成长道路上难免遇到来自同伴的压力(peer pressure)。同伴压力可能给我们带来积极或消极的影响。请结合自己生活中的一个具体事例, 谈谈你的体会。
注意:请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称。
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A.what were | B.as were | C.that were | D.which were |
8 . Amazon.com Inc. is checking out of China’s fiercely competitive domestic e-commerce market. The company told sellers on Thursday that it would no longer
The decision marks an end to a long
Amazon has been in talks to
In a written statement, Amazon said it remained
When Amazon first entered China in 2004 with the
Amazon China commanded just 6% of gross market volume in the niche(细分的)cross - border e-commerce market in the fourth quarter of 2018, versus NetEase Kaola’s 25%
Chinese consumers are becoming more fascinated with
A.assist | B.expand | C.operate | D.tailor |
A.As a result | B.By contrast | C.For example | D.In addition |
A.criticism | B.negotiation | C.struggle | D.resolution |
A.interact | B.withdraw | C.split | D.survive |
A.associate | B.combine | C.exchange | D.supply |
A.time - consuming | B.long - suffering | C.ever - lasting | D.consumer - facing |
A.talks | B.businesses | C.competitions | D.instructions |
A.related | B.accustomed | C.exposed | D.committed |
A.automatically | B.directly | C.regularly | D.secretly |
A.breakdown | B.improvement | C.purchase | D.participation |
A.refund | B.payment | C.sponsorship | D.trade |
A.complicated | B.critical | C.original | D.insignificant |
A.share | B.budget | C.volume | D.maximum |
A.foreign | B.luxurious | C.domestic | D.fashionable |
A.dealt with | B.forgot about | C.got through | D.came across |
People choose to become entrepreneurs( 创 业 者 ) for a wide variety of reasons. One important reason is, of course, financial reward. If you own your own business and it becomes successful, you can reap huge financial rewards. And as an entrepreneur, dependent on how much your boss decides to give you; ifs limited only by the success of your business. And speaking of bosses, not having a supervisor is another major advantage of becoming an entrepreneur.
Entrepreneurs are often independent thinkers who want to be in charge of projects, rather than having others tell them what to do. They often have big dreams that that they want to pursue rather than making someone else’s dream come true. For many entrepreneurs, starting a business is a way of solving a problem or helping people receive something they need. It’s a way to change the world for the better.
Being an entrepreneur isn’t easy, however, nor is it always fun. Entrepreneurs often have to work long hours, especially early on when they’re trying to get their businesses off the ground. that’s the reason entrepreneurs need to have a strong work ethic( 伦 理 ).Employees can work 40 hours a week and then stop, but for an entrepreneur, there’s no end in sight.
That’s why another feature of successful entrepreneurs is passion; they have to be excited about what they’re doing to be willing to work hard for it. Entrepreneurs also need good communication skills to pass on that passion to others. That’s important for finding investors, getting people to buy products and attracting employees.
Entrepreneurs also need to be creative people who are able to find solutions to problems they encounter. This is important from the very beginning, when the entrepreneur comes up with an initial concept of a business. But even after that initial step, creative thinking is continually necessary to adapt to changing situations and to solve problems that come up.
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1.
A.In the 1870s. | B.In 1926. | C.By 1940. | D.By 1817. |
A.He wanted to cut back production costs. |
B.He wanted the working people to earn more money. |
C.He thought the Americans’ life should be organized in a better way. |
D.He thought the five-day workweek was good for the economy. |
A.People drink a lot of alcohol. |
B.Night movies sell more tickets. |
C.TV shows more films of murder and love. |
D.People do things with emotion and purpose at night. |