1 . She could have just quit. The race was long
“I wanted to show people that in life,
Bou Samnang participated in the women’s 5,000-metre race on May 8 at the Southeast Asian Games, which Cambodia hosted for the first time. “I knew I was
Bou Samnang’s
| A．delayed | B．arranged | C．canceled | D．decided |
| A．around | B．alone | C．away | D．again |
| A．inspiration | B．companion | C．genius | D．designer |
| A．in case | B．now that | C．even though | D．if only |
| A．all the same | B．as a result | C．in the meanwhile | D．in actual fact |
| A．turn back | B．set down | C．give up | D．switch over |
| A．leaving | B．losing | C．changing | D．coming |
| A．enter | B．organize | C．lead | D．abandon |
| A．represent | B．explore | C．improve | D．promote |
| A．encouragement | B．kindness | C．gratitude | D．entertainment |
| A．beside | B．without | C．behind | D．against |
| A．tourists | B．volunteers | C．fans | D．athletes |
| A．tent | B．flag | C．status | D．flower |
| A．beauty | B．creativity | C．intelligence | D．determination |
| A．guaranteeing | B．instructing | C．warning | D．reminding |
One sunny afternoon, Alice and I were walking home from school, lost in our girlish conversation. Alice, with her curious eyes sparkling, casually asked about my friendship with Judy. In a moment of thoughtlessness, I responded, “I only hung out with Judy because she asked me and I wasn’t keen on being friends with her. She was rather dull.” The unkind words just escaped my lips before I could catch them, like marbles rolling off a table.
Little did I know, Judy had been just around the corner somehow. When I glanced up, Judy appeared right in front of me, having accidentally overheard everything. All the color faded from her face. Her eyes widening with shock, without a word, she rushed off. Alice and I were left standing there, exchanging a look of shame and discomfort. I knew I should run after Judy and apologize, but with my mind blank, I was frozen. Alice’s face turned red, too. We walked home in silence, each step heavier than the last.
The following days were filled with awkwardness. I felt terrible for what I’d said and was dying to mend our friendship. An honest apology was desperately needed. But what should I say? Unintentional as I was, I indeed hurt Judy’s feelings. Every time I saw Judy in the halls or during classes, I’d quickly look away.
Fate threw me a curve ball in our speech class. On Tuesday, Mr. Thomas announced that we would be giving improvised(即兴的) speeches. He had written our topics on slips of paper and put them into a secret jar. Each of us was asked to blindly choose one without knowing what it would be about. I couldn’t say I was not nervous. As I reached into the jar of topics, my fingers closed around the slip that read, “Share your most embarrassing moment.” My heart pounded like a drum roll in my chest. It was as if the universe had come my way to give me a chance.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Knowing what I had to say, I calmed myself down and walked to the platform.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That day marked a turning point.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 . Of the many memorable things about Stephen Hawking, perhaps the most memorable of all was his conversation. The disease that confined him to a wheelchair also stopped him talking, so instead a computer produced what became a world-famous voice.
It was, though, a laborious process. Hawking had to move a muscle in his cheek to control a computer that helped him build up sentences, word by word, struggling to produce about ten words a minute. A better way to communicate would be to read the brain of a paralyzed (瘫痪的) person directly and then translate those readings into speech. And a study published in Nature this week, by Edward Chang, a neurosurgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, describes just such a technique. Speaking requires the precise control of almost 100 muscles in the lips, jaw, tongue and throat to produce the characteristic breaths and sounds that make up sentences. By measuring the brain signals that control these throat muscles, Dr Chang has been able to use a computer to produce speech accurately.
The volunteers for Dr Chang’s study were five people with epilepsy (癫痫) who had electrodes (电极) put into their brains as part of their treatment. He and his colleagues used these electrodes to record the volunteers’ brain activity while those volunteers spoke several hundred sentences out loud. Specifically, the researchers tracked activity in parts of the brain responsible for controlling the muscles of the throat.
To transform those signals into speech they did two things. First, they trained a computer program to recognize what the signals meant. They did this by feeding the program with output from the electrodes and with representations of the shapes the throat adopts when speaking the test sentences — data known from decades of study of voices. Then, when the program had learned the relevant associations, they used it to translate electrode signals into throat movements, and thus into sound.
Restoring speech is a more complex task than moving bodies — but sufficiently similar in principle to give hope to those now in a position similar to that once endured by the late Dr Hawking.
1. What is the problem of the traditional method for the speechless to produce sentences?| A．It is incredible. | B．It is time-consuming. |
| C．It is impractical. | D．It is unrecognizable. |
| A．By learning representation of the test sentences. |
| B．By translating electrode signals into sound directly. |
| C．By feeding the program with output from the electrodes. |
| D．By integrating brain signals, throat movement, and sound. |
| A．Approving. | B．Doubtful. | C．Unclear. | D．Dismissive. |
| A．How to produce artificial speech. | B．How to interpret brain signals. |
| C．How to give voice to the speechless. | D．How to ease human conversation. |
4 . Welcome
This course explores the concepts and algorithms (算法) at the foundation of modern artificial intelligence, diving into the ideas that give rise to technologies like game-playing engines, handwriting recognition, and machine translation. Through hands-on projects, students gain exposure to the theory behind graph search algorithms, classification, and other topics in artificial intelligence and machine learning as they incorporate them into their own Python programs. By course’s end, students emerge with experience in libraries for machine learning as well as knowledge of artificial intelligence principles that enable them to design intelligent systems of their own.
Requirement
CS50x or at least one year of experience with Python.
How to Take this Course
Even if you are not a student at Harvard, you are welcome to “take” this course for free via this OpenCourseWare by working your way through the course’s seven weeks of material. If you’d like to submit the course’s seven projects for feedback, be sure to create an edX account, if you haven’t already. Ask questions along the way via any of the course’s communities!
If interested in a verified (认证的) certificate from edX enroll at cs50.edx.org/ai instead.
If interested in a professional certificate from edX, enroll at cs50.edx.org programs/ai instead.
If interested in transfer credit and accreditation from Harvard Extension School, register at web.dce.harvard.edu/extension/csci/e/80 instead.
If interested in transfer credit and accreditation from Harvard Summer School, register at web.dce.harvard.edu/summer/csci/s/80 instead.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
1. What does the course focus on?| A．Diving into the ideas that give rise to handwriting recognition. |
| B．Teaching the concepts and algorithms of artificial intelligence. |
| C．Offering learning or teaching materials on artificial intelligence. |
| D．Providing students with experience in library for machine learning, |
| A．A student interested in an authorized certificate from edX. |
| B．A student interested in a professional certificate from edX. |
| C．A student interested in transfer credit from Harvard Extension School. |
| D．A student interested in transfer credit from Harvard Summer School. |
| A．Students can integrate the materials into their own program. |
| B．Teachers can use the course’s materials without restriction. |
| C．Any student without related experience can take this course. |
| D．Students must create a new edX account for taking the course. |
5 . The majority of New Year’s resolutions are abandoned after three months. It is human nature to pursue the path of least resistance, especially when you are tired. If you do not intentionally and consistently develop healthy habits, you will automatically fall for unhealthy ones. Obtaining the benefit of healthy habits requires some willpower, which is the ability to resist short-term temptations for long-term benefits. However, willpower is not enough.
Say goodbye to perfection. We often have a hard time sticking with new habits because we set unrealistic expectations. As high-achievers, we expect a workout to last an entire hour and include a set of workouts.
Increase your support system. Establishing a new behavior is easier when loved ones are supporting you. Having a support system can help you stay the course even when you are lower on willpo wer because others can remind you of the progress you have made. It is also harder to be lazy when someone is watching.
Keep it light. It is hard to stick with a new habit if it is too painful. As an example, many people struggle to keep up with an exercise program because it requires great effort and energy. The idea of showing up day after day for more muscle soreness can be discouraging. Try to keep your new habit light.
Give yourself some grace.
| A．Building a new habit can take months. |
| B．You also need systems to help healthy habits stick. |
| C．Anything less does not count as exercise in our minds. |
| D．Healthy habits can serve as an anchor to navigate life’s challenges. |
| E．Instead of focusing on results, focus on enjoying the new behavior. |
| F．We deeply care about what others think of us and don’t want to let them down. |
| G．It is the consistent practice of healthy habits over time that leads to positive results. |
6 . In 2001, Nathan Ogden raced down an Oregon ski slope, launching himself off a jump over 30 feet into the air. While he had done this many times, something was
Over the next few months, he remained
But he wanted to progress faster. He worked
When his wife couldn't wake him, he was
Sometimes Ogden felt
He continues to fight a daily battle against
| A．pleasant | B．ordinary | C．different | D．realistic |
| A．confirmed | B．anticipated | C．suggested | D．recognized |
| A．delighted | B．frustrated | C．confident | D．confused |
| A．lost | B．caused | C．produced | D．gained |
| A．tirelessly | B．efficiently | C．effortlessly | D．painfully |
| A．told | B．convinced | C．informed | D．reminded |
| A．advance | B．trouble | C．fortune | D．question |
| A．led | B．attached | C．accompanied | D．rushed |
| A．casually | B．deliberately | C．accidentally | D．occasionally |
| A．healed | B．broken | C．examined | D．shaken |
| A．making up | B．bringing in | C．resulting in | D．building up |
| A．trapped | B．deleted | C．interrupted | D．blamed |
| A．active | B．positive | C．negative | D．passive |
| A．discipline | B．competition | C．criticism | D．adversity |
| A．liberation | B．recognition | C．reputation | D．progress |
7 . The existing coffee market is dominated by Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Unfortunately for them, coffee bushes grow best in a rather narrow range of temperatures, so their cultivation is threatened by a changing climate. But a chance discovery by Aaron Davis from Britain, published in Nature Plants, may offer a way out. Dr Davis and his colleagues report that they have tracked down a type of wild coffee which is both pleasant to taste and tolerant of higher temperatures.
Dr Davis, however, came across a paper written in 1834 by George Don, a Scottish scientist, which described a species from warmer areas. Don named it stenophylla, and wrote that it had a flavour superior to arabica’s, and it was farmed up until the 1920s, after which canephora, which had higher yields, took over. Stenophylla was then gradually forgotten.
The crucial question was, was Don’s praise to its flavour justified? To find out, Dr Davis arranged a competition involving 18 professional coffee tasters who assessed, in a blind comparison, a set of samples that included stenophylla, two types of arabica and one of canephora.
Stenophylla performed well. It was rated as having higher fruitlike qualities than a Brazilian arabica and an Indonesian canephora, and also a more favourable acid ity and more complex flavour profile, though slightly less desired than an Ethiopian arabica. It had nearly the same body as the others, and lacked an unpleasant, earthy bitterness found in the Brazilian arabica and the Indonesian canephora. When asked if what they were tasting was arabica, the judges said “yes” 81% of the time for samples of stenophylla, compared with 98% for the arabica from Ethiopia. They identified the Brazilian arabica as such only 44% of the time, and misidentified the canephora as arabica on7% of occasions.
Stenophylla does taste like arabica and tolerates higher temperatures than either arabica or canephora. That opens two possible courses of action. One is to cultivate it directly, though this might run into the yield problem which led to its abandonment in the first place. The other is to crossbreed it with existing species, to provide those high-yielding varieties with its heat tolerance.
1. What is the purpose of the research into a type of wild coffee?| A．To promote the habit of drinking coffee. | B．To deal with global warming problems. |
| C．To help coffee farmers make more profits. | D．To save coffee production from global warming. |
| A．Ethiopian arabica is more appealing than Brazilian arabica. |
| B．Indonesian canephora tasted best among four types of coffee. |
| C．Stenophylla has less taste of bitterness than two types of arabica. |
| D．Stenophylla has a more favourable acidity than Ethiopian arabica. |
| A．Historical factors. | B．Theoretical bases. |
| C．Statistical analyses. | D．Practical solutions. |
| A．Business. | B．Agriculture. |
| C．Finance and economics. | D．Science and technology. |
It was an unpleasant, cold Sunday evening. The sun was on its way home and so was Sara. Sara was a health inspector, so she had to check people’s houses to see if they were living a health y life.
Sundays were the only days she got a holiday, so she had been out trying to relax and enjoy the day. She was almost home when a small old house caught her eye. Her curiosity didn’t allow her to pass by without checking it.
Hesitantly, she approached the house and knocked. She did not think anyone would be living in such an old, shabby cabin, but, to her surprise, an old couple answered the door. The house and the couple were quite similar, both old, ragged and very easily broken.
She greeted them and asked if she could come in. Their house was empty, just like their empty stomachs that growled (低吼) aloud. It was a heartbreaking scene to witness the condition they were in.
She gathered her courage and asked the reason behind their condition. The couple were a bit nervous at first, but eventually opened up about their life. The couple, named Razia and Shahid,were going through tough times. Shahid was not educated, so he couldn’t get a decent job and only worked as a laborer, but that also for a short time because he would often fall il l due to old age. Rizia would work as a maid at people’s homes when she was young, but when age caught up with her, she also could not work properly and fell sick.
They had no children, so there was no one to look after them in their old age. Some nights, they slept hungry, while on other nights, they received a meal from some kind people. They explained how hunger was like an unwanted companion, always present, making their stomachs growl.
Sara felt saddened by their tough situation and tried to comfort them. She thought about making some arrangements for their care.
注意：1. 写作词数应为 150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly her eyes li t up with, an idea.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The couple were delighted, and prayed for Sara’s health and long life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Located at the western part of Hangzhou City, less than 5 kilometers from the West Lake, Xixi National Wetland Park is a unique spot considering its urban neighborhood. The park is the first and only wetland park
The park
The park has a long history with profound cultural heritage and it has even been regarded
Xixi National Wetland Park is also the place where the annual “Xixi International Dragon BoatRace” is held.
10 . When the Uzbek girl Dilsora firstly met what seemed more like a Western-style dragon than a Chinese one, a beast to run away from her rather than a friend to be respected, she was at a loss about it. “Before college, I caught an interview on TV featuring an Uzbek student studying in China, she tweeted. However, I didn’t have the slightest idea that this language would be my future major in college. Then, when I started studying it at college, oh, jeez …pretty challenging! ” Nevertheless, as with a dragon story, there is a twist in the tail, and Dilsora’s despair gave way to nobler principles. “Give up? Nope! Instead, I pressed on with Chinese. ” she added with a giggle, “My mother also encouraged me all the way! ”
Gradually, her feelings toward Chinese changed in the second year of college after Dilsora got a scholarship to study at Northeast Normal University in Changchun for a year, which proved a big turn on the pages of her fulfilling life.
“The first time I came to China, amazingly engaging were the locals, by whom I was totally fascinated. In spite of myself, I fell in love with Chinese culture. ” Since then she has got master's and doctoral degrees, becoming a college teacher in Beijing, teaching Uzbek to Chinese students. In her spare time, being an all-nighter, she often loses herself in Chinese masterpieces. Two years later, on Instagram, she even set up a Chinese Reading Club to attract more to read.
“Although I am ordinary, ” just as she, now the boss of the Reading Club, matter-of-factly put it, “since I’ve come this far, I am to come further. Harvesting the best outcome is my lasting dream. ” Those primary schoolers hearing the tale of Dilsora devoting so much to Chinese learning might be several times more likely to learn Chinese hard than those who didn’t, as Jimu news staff predicted.
Besides, Dilsora has answered another calling: translating books by Chinese president into Uzbek. She said the leader’s foresight has impressed her greatly.
1. What does the underlined words “a twist in the tail” in paragraph 1 refer to?| A．The turning point of a story. | B．The turning movement of a dragon’s tail. |
| C．The highest point of a story. | D．The dancing movement of a dragon’s tail. |
| A．Defeated but determined. | B．Relieved but regretful. |
| C．Excited but challenged. | D．Exhausted but content. |
| A．Mother’s love is endless. |
| B．While in Roman, do as the Romans do. |
| C．Nothing is difficult for those who will try. |
| D．East or west, home is the best. |
| A．Dilsora’s personal dream. | B．Dilsora’s family background. |
| C．Chinese leaders’ works. | D．Chinese leaders’ hobbies. |
