1 . There Are 4 Types of Anger: Which One Is Yours?

You’re passive-aggressive (被动攻击型)

    1     when a colleague asks for a favor, but then oh, forget to do it—or do it late and not well. You say "it's fine" when it's really not or 'whatever' when you really mean no. These are all classic passive-aggressive behaviors-or patterns of indirectly expressing negative feelings instead of openly addressing them.

You make mountains out of molehills (小题大做)

You find the fault in every situation, and regard each conversation as an argument you have to win. Maybe you were made to look or feel inferior（卑微的） growing up. To pay off, you become more aggressive. Instead of feeling like a victim, you learn to be the "rejecter".     2    . And you create conflict or deliver the first blow in an argument so it gives you the chance to be heard, to prove you are smarter, and to show you're right.

Your fuse (保险丝) is short and you burst into anger

When you lose the ability to control a situation, it may set off aggression, violent behavior or explosive outbursts that are not necessary to the situation.    3    . This type of anger can also put people at risk for harm, so it's important to seek professional help.

    4    

When it comes to your religious, political or other beliefs—yours are right, the others are wrong; yours are good, the others are bad. So when others go against your beliefs, you're on the offensive because your beliefs are correct, and therefore your anger is reasonable. Even if your intentions are good, anger gets you in trouble when you allow it get out of control.    5     because you think your morals back the behavior.

A．Your morals fuel your anger

B．Anger itself is not a bad emotion

C．You give an enthusiastic "sure, no problem!"

D．It's how you use your anger that makes it good or bad

E．And you feel you have the right to do whatever you want

F．You put down or reject others first before it can be done to you

G．Getting stuck in traffic, for example, may lead you to yell at other drivers

2 . American Jason Stark’s two young sons talked excitedly for months about seeing the The Super Mario Bros. Movie. When the film opened this month, Star k decided to make a special event of taking his boys to the show.

Star k took a day off from work and drove his boys, ages 9 and 6, about a half-hour from their Connecticut home. They went to watch the movie at an AMC theater with a large special screen called an IMAX.

“We got lunch, we went to the movies and had a fun day together,” said Stark. “They loved it. They were amazed by how big (the screen) was.”

Filmmakers and theater business leaders say movie watchers are seeking such new, interesting experiences. American and Canadian ticket sales of traditional movies this year are 16 percent below 2019. However, people have attended movies in large numbers for films and showings that use special effects, including Top Gun: Maverick and Avatar: The Way of Water.

Theaters are employing technology to create improved experiences. Changes include larger screens, special sound systems, seats that move in connect ion with action in a film and other environmental effects.

Market researcher Comscore visualizes these special shows will make up 16.7 percent of U. S. movie ticket sales. The company says that number was 9.2 percent in 2019.

Theater companies continue to build large, special viewing screens known as premium format (高级格式). The total number of premium format screens in North America reached 1,940 in 2022, says Omdia, another research company. It says the new number represents an increase of 4.4 percent over the year before.

The average ticket price to see a movie in the U. S. is around $11. Premium screenings usually cost five to seven dollars more.

B&B Theatres operates 531 screens in 14 states and offers large format screens as well as heated chairs that can be raised and lowered, immersive (亲临其境) audio and seats timed to move with a movie’s action.

1. What impressed Star k and his two sons most about the movie?

A．Its large screen.	B．Its moving story.
C．Its famous actors.	D．Its excited audience.

2. What’s the problem with traditional movies?

A．They are out of date.	B．They will disappear in the future.
C．They are less popular now.	D．People no longer like to see them.

3. What does the underlined word “visualizes” mean in paragraph 6?

A．Warns.

B．Expects.

C．Doubts.

D．Announces.

4. What do we know about the new technology movies?

A．They are costly and difficult to build.	B．They have lost their traditional style.
C．They only attract the young to watch.	D．They cost more for people to enjoy.

3 . Scientists have discovered fossils that might have belonged to the heaviest animal in Earth’s history. The blue whale holds the current record as the largest creature to live on Earth. But a collection of bones found in Peru might break that record.

Mario Urbina discovered the bones in 2012. He is with the University of San Marcos’ Natural History Museum in Lima. An international team spent years digging them out from the side of a rocky hill in the Ica desert. The large fossils date back to around 39 million years ago.

After the digging operation, the researchers used 3D scanners to study the surface of the bones and also looked inside. The researchers used the huge but incomplete skeleton to estimate the whale’s size and weight.

The team estimates the ancient creature weighed somewhere between 85 and 340 metric tons. The biggest blue whales found have been within that range, at about 180 metric tons. This means the newly discovered whale was possibly the heaviest animal ever. Bu it was most likely not the longest animal ever.

The research team said one reason the animal weighs more is because its bones are much denser and heavier than a blue whale’s bones. Those super-dense bones suggest the whale may have spent its time in less deep, coastal waters, the scientists said. Other animals that stay close to the coast have heavy bones to help them stay close to the seafloor.

Amson, from the State Museum of Natural History in Germany, said that without the skull, it is hard to know what the whale was eating to support such a huge body. It is possible that the large creature sought food along the seafloor, the researchers said. Or it could have eaten up tons of smaller sea life in the ocean.

1. What did the researchers want to know by using 3D technology?

A．How big and heavy the whale was.	B．What environment the whale faced.
C．What caused the whale to die.	D．How long the whale lived.

2. What do heavier bones mean for this ancient whale?

A．The strength it had.	B．The area where it lived.
C．The way it hunted for food.	D．The speed it swam in the sea.

3. What interested Amson about the ancient whale?

A．The way it moved in the sea.	B．The miss of its head bones.
C．The large amount of food it ate.	D．The threat it brought to other sea life.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Ancestor of Blue Whales Was Discovered

B．Huge Ancient Whale Bones Shock Researchers

C．Mysterious Giant Ancient Whales Puzzle Scientists

D．Ancient Whale May Be Heaviest Animal Ever Found

4 . On January 12, three EF-3 tornadoes came through the city of Griffin, Georgia, where I live. One of the tornadoes passed directly over my house. The rumbling (隆隆声) was strong as the winds pushed against the house. Trees were uprooted, and broken pieces flew through the air. Rain and hail fell in sheets.

Students had to shelter in place. The students gathered together for hours, according to Nicole Dowling, a math teacher at Kennedy Road Middle School. “We all waited for safe passage,” she said. “There were downed trees blocking each direction on Kennedy Road.”

Most students got home safely by 11 p. m., but about two dozen had to remain until the early hours of January 13.

“I’ll never forget the sound,” Dowling said. She heard loud noises as she waited with other teachers in a classroom. “All at once,” she added, “we were under desks for cover. We were all one, listening attentively, until we sensed the storm moving away.”

Mariyah Dallas, a sixth grader, said that she and her family were frightened. “It was very scary because the power was out for more than a day,” she said. “We had to move a lot of trees out of the yard.”

The tornadoes damaged nearly 2,000 buildings in Griffin. Dowling described the result. “Massive trees were broken in half and thrown about,” she said. “Electrical wire were hanging like loose noodles. Ruins lay everywhere.”

Power was knocked out in the city, which has a population of more than 23,000. When I looked into the damage, I saw that a gas station overhang had fallen down, destroying a car under it. The roof of the Hobby Lobby near the shopping center had fallen down.

A study from 2019 suggests that climate change may be a contributing factor to the shift of Tornado Alley, causing it to move eastward. As a result, heavily-populated areas east of the Mississippi River are experiencing more tornadoes than they have in the past.

1. What happened to the students according to the math teacher?

A．They ran away from school.	B．They were trapped in a disaster.
C．They found no places to shelter.	D．They were injured in the tornado.

2. What impressed Dowling most about the tornado?

A．Its sight.

B．Its speed.

C．Its power.

D．Its noises.

3. What do we know about the car in the gas station?

A．It broke down half way.	B．It ran out of gas on the way.
C．It was covered by falling ruins.	D．It was destroyed by falling trees.

4. How does climate change affect tornadoes?

A．It changes their areas.	B．It changes their moving speed.
C．It increases their force to destroy.	D．It increases times to take place.

6 . Getting the best deal

Bargaining is a difficult process. The buyer wants to purchase a product at its minimum price while the seller wants to maximize the potential for profit.     1    , and thus it is in the best interest of buyers to strategize exactly how they will convince sellers to lower their prices.

First, buyers should assume that the price tag represents the starting point of negotiations, not the final word on the matter. Buyers should begin by asking the salesperson whether any sales or discounts will soon be advertised.     2    , the salesperson probably will not volunteer to give one to them. Salespeople often work on commission, so it is frequently to their advantage to hide this information from their customers.

Second, buyers need to find out whether the seller has lowered prices in the past and, if SO, by how much.     3    , he or she can request a similar price. This step in the bargaining 2 process requires perseverance, but it can pay off financially. Also, it is important that buyers never let sellers know that they need their products because the seller is then less likely to lower the price.

Finally, buyers must be patient     4    , as buyers must collect a good deal of information about the product. Sometimes buyers might need to purchase a product at a more expensive price sim ply because they do not have the time necessary to shop further. The buyer’s time is important, too, and sometimes it is worth spending extra money if he or she needs the item immediately. However, sometimes simply by waiting for two weeks or two months, the buyer will save a considerable amount of money.     5    .

A．Even if customers really want the item

B．If customers do not request a special deal

C．Looking for bargains takes time and energy

D．It can be worthwhile to wait under these circumstances

E．The desires of the buyer and the seller oppose each other

F．Buyers must be prepared to walk away from an item when bargaining

G．If the buyer learns that the seller has offered discounts to other customers

7 . On some late November dawn, I find myself drawn to the leisurely pursuit of baking a loaf of bread. Not by hand, but by following the bread machine’s step-by-step instructions.

But on this morning, three hours later, all I’ve got is a problem. I’d forgotten to insert the mixing blade into the bottom of the bread barrel. The result: a pile of unmixed dough that neither looks nor tastes like bread. Complaining, I dump the dough and prepare to start a new one.

I reach for the flour, only this time — I fall far short of the necessary four cups. I’ve got one cup at most, along with a freshly emptied flour bag. No matter, I think. I’ll simply drive to my parents’ house to borrow a bit of theirs. Upon my arrival, I decide not to wake them. Instead, I cat burgle my way through their front door, silently search through their cabinets, and discover their own bit of flour supply. I steal all of it and return home so that I might begin again the leisurely pursuit of baking bread.

I follow the instructions, and then, I consider the whole experience before breakfast. How I managed to turn a one-second oversight into an hour-long adventure that cost me more time and money than any loaf of bread could ever be worth. Somewhere, an apron reads, “Baking is my therapy.” I want the one that reads, “Baking sends me to therapy.”

As my bread machine bread begins to rise, I’m struck by an inconvenient truth: had I done nothing that morning, I’d have managed a more favorable outcome.

Meanwhile, I notice something new: the mixing blade works intermittently rather than continually, meaning that for the bread to rise to its full potential, it requires both motion and rest. Work has its place, but so must leisure. The recipe calls for both.

1. Why did the writer fail the first time in the baking?

A．He left out a key step.	B．The flour has run out.
C．The bread machine broke down.	D．The dough doesn’t taste like bread.

2. How did the writer get enough flour for baking the second time?

A．He went out to buy some.

B．He borrowed some from a friend.

C．He got some from his parents by himself.

D．He found another bag of flour in his own house.

3. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．How to bake bread

B．An unforgettable experience

C．Work has its place, but so must leisure

D．Breaking bread: A morning adventure in baking

4. What can we learn from the story?

A．Practice makes perfect.	B．Well begun is half done.
C．Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.	D．All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

8 . Before children can learn to read, they need to have a good understanding of basic words and what they mean.     1    , there are very easy ways that you can build a preschooler’s vocabulary.

Visiting the library

If you are looking for a great place to start building your preschooler’s vocabulary and early reading skills, look no further than your local library. Research shows a strong correlation between library use and literacy-building skills in young children.     2    , ask your librarian for help.

Using descriptive words

When it comes to increasıng your child’s vocabulary, more is better. The more words that your child hears, the more he or she will learn. For example, when describing a fabric pattern, try using words such as unusual, relaxing, or creative. These words may be beyond a kid’s understanding right now.     3    .

Making labels

If you want your preschoolers to learn more words, then make it easy.     4    . Using a label maker to name commonly used items so they can learn to recognize what the word looks like. For example, if her toys are separated into different boxes of like items, label them, such as blocks, dolls, cars, books, etc.

    5    

Besides being a wonderful way to spend quality time with your preschooler, reading aloud is a great way to expose your preschooler to new words. Choose books that are of interest to your preschooler but that use words that are slightly above their understanding. Together you can work through what they mean, by using context—the other words on the page and any pictures that might be on the page as well.

A．Reading aloud together

B．Spending time together

C．While that may sound a bit difficult

D．In addition to saying them often, show them too

E．If you aren’t sure what to do when you get there

F．But by using them in the proper context, you’ll make them understandable

G．The more parents help children overcome challenges, the better they’ll be for kindergarten

10 . It is hard to imagine humans spending their lives in virtual reality (VR) when the experience amounts to waving your arms about in the middle of the waiting room with a device fastened to your face. But this is where humanity is heading.

Chalmers, an Australian professor of philosophy and neural science at New York University, makes the case to embrace VR in his new book, Reality +. Well-known for explaining “the hard problem” of consciousness, Chalmers sees technology reaching the point where virtual and physical are the same in the sense and people live good lives in VR. In the decades ahead, Chalmers suspects we will replace the clumsy (笨拙的) headsets with brain-computer interfaces that allow us to experience virtual worlds with our full set of senses.

“A common way of thinking about VR is that it is somehow fake ability. I think that’s wrong,” Chalmers explained. “The virtual worlds we’re interacting with can be as real as our ordinary physical world.”

“But there are plenty of risks to be cautious of,” he notes. As fulfilling as virtual worlds may become, people will need real food, drink and exercise, and perhaps even the glimpse of daylight, to keep their bodies from fading away. These are not the only health problems. Some people have raised serious concerns about the risk of psychological damage: If we are better looking and have better clothes and a nicer home in the meta verse (元宇宙), how will we feel when we leave?

“The lure (诱惑) of VR might also cause neglect on a global scale,” Chalmers reveals. Would climate change and other crises facing the physical world lose their urgency? That would be a disaster. He says,“Physical reality is really important. We must maintain a connection to it and care for it responsibly.”

1. Why does the author mention “a device fastened to your face” in paragraph 1?

A．To offer a suggestion on improving virtual reality.

B．To introduce the latest advance in virtual technology.

C．To emphasize a physical barrier to enjoying virtual reality.

D．To demonstrate the necessity of wearing a virtual device.

2. Compared with general belief, what’s Chalmers’s view on virtual reality?

A．He considers that virtual reality has various definitions.

B．He argues that virtual reality is genuine reality.

C．He believes that virtual reality is fake reality.

D．He suggests that virtual reality is temporary.

3. What impact might VR have on fighting global warming?

A．It might speed up global warming.

B．It might offer an alternative solution.

C．It might encourage people to solve it.

D．It might make people neglect the issue.

4. What is the main topic of the passage?

A．The future of VR.	B．The worries about VR.
C．The professor’s insights into VR.	D．The public’s views on VR.