1 . Born from the accessibility of mass air travel, modern international tourism has been popularized as “holiday-making” in regions that offer comparative advantages of sand, sun and sea. Travel is often portrayed (描绘成) as a tool for personal growth and tourism as an economic motor for destination countries and cities. There is a tendency to assume that tourism is good for everyone involved.
Today the big bang of tourism drives over 1.2 billion tourists across international borders annually. Many popular places are literally being loved to death. Recent protests in ports of call like Venice and Barcelona against disturbances created by cruise ships show the unfortunate consequences of emphasizing quantity over quality in tourism.
Uncontrolled tourism development has become a primary driver of social and environmental disruption (破坏，混乱). Tourism studies provide much documentation of the many negative social impacts of tourism and resulting resentment (怨恨) that local populations direct toward visitors.
Resentment toward tourists typically develops in mature, heavily visited destinations. Protests in heavily visited destinations suggest that traditional tourism has overstayed its welcome.
Residents often become frustrated when the benefits of tourism are not felt locally. Although it can generate foreign exchange, income and employment, there’s no guarantee that multinational hotel chains will allocate (分配) these benefits equitably among local communities.
On the contrary, when people stay at large resorts or on cruise ships, they make most of their purchases there, leaving local communities little opportunity to benefit from tourist spending. These forms of tourism widen economic and political gaps between haves and have-nots at local destinations.
In recent decades, local residents in destination communities also have found themselves negotiating new cultural boundaries, class dynamics, service industry roles and lifestyle transformations. For example, data show that tourism activity corresponds to increased social problems as local residents adopt the behaviors of tourists.
What does all this mean for the everyday traveler?
First, all tourists should make every effort to honor their hosts and respect local conditions. This means being prepared to adapt to local customs and norms, rather than expecting local conditions to adapt to travelers.
Second, tourism is a market-based activity and works best when consumers reward better performers. In the information age, there’s little excuse for travelers being uninformed about where their vacation money goes and who it enriches.
Informed travelers also are better able to distinguish between multinational companies and local entrepreneurs whose businesses provide direct social, environmental, and economic benefits for local residents. Such businesses are in love with the destination and are therefore deserving of market reward. In the long run, being a responsible traveler means ensuring net positive impacts for local people and environments. With the information available at our fingertips, there has never been more opportunity to do so.
1. What is the popular assumption about international tourism?| A．Its benefits may compensate for the adverse environmental consequences. |
| B．Its rapid development is attributed to people’s improved living standard. |
| C．It appeals to people in places with favorable geographical conditions. |
| D．It contributes to the economy of destination countries and regions. |
| A．They fall victim to social conflicts and environmental disturbances. |
| B．They have little opportunity to enjoy themselves on cruise ships. |
| C．They cannot find employment in multinational hotel chains. |
| D．They do not think they benefit as much as they deserve. |
| A．They attempt to adapt to it. | B．They readily adopt new lifestyles. |
| C．They immerse tourists in their culture. | D．They try to upgrade their business models. |
| A．Show interest in local customs and lifestyles. |
| B．Seek possibilities to invest in local companies. |
| C．Use the services provided by local businesses. |
| D．Give favorable comments about their services. |
2 . The Heineken Young Scientists Awards are awarded every two years to four highly promising young researchers working in the Netherlands. The winners are selected from four fields of science: Medical/Biomedical Sciences, Humanities, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences. The award includes a cash prize of EUR 10,000 and a work of art. The award was created in 2010 by Charlene L. De Carvalho-Heineken.
Fleur Jongepier
Fleur Jongepier (1986), connected to Radboud University Nijmegen, has been awarded the Heineken Young Scientists Award 2022 in the field of Humanities. Jongepier is able to combine high-level fundamental research with an active and important role in the current social debate.
Jordi Turai Brugues
Jordi Turai Brugues (1987), connected to the Lorentz Institute at Leiden University, has been awarded the Heineken Young Scientists Award 2022 in the field of Natural Sciences. He has made pioneering contributions to the theory of quantum (量子). An important step for the further development of the quantum computer and the quantum Internet.
Liesbeth van Vliet
Liesbeth van Vliet (1985), connected to Leiden University, has been awarded the Heineken Young Scientists Award 2022 in the field of Social Sciences. She was praised her important contribution to improving the quality of healthcare for seriously ill patients, thanks to better communication between doctor and patient.
Laura Kervezee
Laura Kervezee (1989), who works at Leiden University Medical Centre, has been awarded the Heineken Young Scientists Award 2022 in the field of Medical/Biomedical Sciences. The knowledge that Kervezee provides gives insight into ways of keeping the biological clock healthy in our 24-hour society and other situations in which the clock becomes disturbed, such as when ageing or in hospital.
1. What do we know about the Heineken Young Scientists Awards from the text?| A．There have been about 100 winners so far. |
| B．Four scientists are awarded every two years. |
| C．The four winners are awarded EUR 10,000 in total. |
| D．Whoever makes great contributions is likely to be awarded. |
| A．Fleur Jongepier. | B．Jordi Turai Brugues. | C．Liesbeth van Vliet. | D．Laura Kervezee. |
| A．They are all in their thirties. | B．They are all from the Netherlands. |
| C．They all serve in the same university. | D．They all major in the same field of science. |
3 . A new app will soon help more than 50,000 Israeli students learn English through popular music.
“There is so much research out there that shows how music can help students learn,” says Michael Peled, founder and CEO of Singit.“Getting kids to interact (互动) with words in real life through music is a very useful learning tool, and we are finding that it also works for dyslexic (朗读困难的) and special education students.”
Students can listen on their phones or computers to music from a sea of songs and follow along with the lyrics a on the screen. When they see a word that they don’t recognize, they can click (点击) the word. With the help of AI and Machine Learning technology, Singit offers other songs with the words they didn’t know. After hearing the song, students are given a test that tests them for the words they clicked on. Meanwhile, teachers can send students customized grammar tests.
“We work with a company called LyricFind that provides more than five million songs. Most schools won’t want to have many types of songs due to educational considerations, but that will still leave more than 100,000 songs they can hear,” Peled says.
“The first version (版本) of the app we built in 2017 was bad, but by 2019, we had a new version, and we tested it throughout 2020,” Peled says. Pilot tests show that the app increased students’ interaction with the English language by 62%.“ Singit was recently recognized by the Ministry of Education. Many schools, including ten special education schools, have already chosen the app,” Peled adds.“ By the end of the year, we will have about 53,000 users around the countr.” Peled has big plans for Singit.“ We are going to introduce Singit to Asia, Brazil, and other places where they teach English as a second language.”
1. What is the main purpose of Singit?| A．To carry out customized music tests. |
| B．To offer free online music lessons for students. |
| C．To introduce students to popular Israeli songs. |
| D．To help students learn English through music. |
| A．Its future development. | B．Why it is important? |
| C．How it works. | D．It’s wide popularity. |
| A．By selecting pilot schools in Israel. | B．By providing a huge library of songs. |
| C．By developing AI learning technology. | D．By translating Israeli lyrics into English. |
| A．It met with great success. | B．It was well received in Brazil. |
| C．It was a good try but poorly supported. | D．It raised doubts for dyslexic students. |
4 . Four Online Art Classes
International Center of PhotographyCost: $20 per month or $220 per year
Class length (持续时间): 3 to 5 hours
Registration (注册): Open year-round
Standout feature: International Center of Photography is popular for photography classes that are suitable for people at different skill levels at these classes are taught by experienced teachers.
The Ceramic (陶瓷) School
Cost: $30 per month or $300 per year
Class length: 1 to 2 hours
Registration: Open year-round
Standout feature: The Ceramic School offers many classes and live online events at a reasonable price and is only centered on ceramics.
Craftsy
Cost: $10 per month or $90 per year
Class length: 1 to 2 hours
Registration: By semester (学)
Standout feature: Craftsy stands out for offering many courses
sewing, embroidery and knitting (缝纫、刺绣和编织) that are suitable for all levels, from beginners to more experienced learners.
Skillshare
Cost: $15 per month or $150 per year
Class length: 1 to 3 hours
Registration: Open year-round
Standout feature: Providing classes for people at all skill levels at aaffordable price, Skillshare is our top pick for online painting lessons.
1. How much should you pay if you register for a five-month photography course?
| A．$50. | B．$75. | C．$100. | D．$150. |
| A．They cost the same. | B．They last for the same time. |
| C．They are both for beginners. | D．They are both open year-round. |
| A．International Center of Photography. | B．The Ceramic School. |
| C．Skillshare. | D．Craftsy. |
5 . Dallas-based Knit Wits is made up of a group of grandmothers with a strong love for knitting (编织) who tum their love for crafting into a purposeful attempt. Meeting regularly, they pour their collective love into every stitch (针法) they make. The group has been working for over ten years, meeting every Friday, to support organizations that help others, locally and around the world. Over the years, they’ve crafted thousands of items insupport of the important things.
Recently the Knit Wits member Mary Ann Stover was inspired to have the group knit hats for infant (婴儿) patients with heart disease at Children’s Health Hospital. The hats, each a unique work of art, designed with holiday themes, reflect the skill of the Knit Wits. More importantly, the special of Knit Wits is its understanding of the emotional effect these small objects can have on the infants experiencing medical treatments.
Bealle, a certified child life specialist at Children’s Health Hospital, explained how the hats are making a difference to the tiny patients and their families. “Caregivers are able to wear the hats on their body to move their smells before placing the hats back on the infants, encouraging connecting and making the infants less stressful,” he said.
Throughout the infants’ admission, many holidays are celebrated. At times, some infants are seriously ill and unable to dress up for holiday photos the families have planned. Thanks to the donations from Knit Wits, the hospital team is able to prove the family with a suitable themed infant hat the family can use for their photos and holiday celebrations.
1. What do we know about the hats from paragraph 2?| A．They centre on spiritual comfort. |
| B．They have holiday food subjects. |
| C．They are knitted by the caregivers |
| D．They are worn on child parents’ birthdays. |
| A．To hold an artistic activity. |
| B．To see off the recovered patients. |
| C．To relax the infants for treatments |
| D．To welcome the arrival of various holidays. |
| A．Why some holiday celebrations are held. |
| B．What the hats can be used as on holidays. |
| C．Why some special photos are important. |
| D．What the hats can be matched with. |
| A．Unsuccessful | B．Impractical. | C．Warm-hearted | D．Dishonest. |
6 . Once referred to as an ‘Insta-hiker’, Josh is a juggler (玩杂耍的人) of many different joys: his wife, children, friends, job as a Corporate Actions analyst, a directorship at Black Professionals Scotland. The label could be far from the truth.
His job is high-pressured and time-sensitive, a suit-and-tie environment, in which one tiny mistake can cost millions. But hill walking is not a way to run from reality. “I’m not escaping from anything,” Josh claims firmly. You wouldn’t encourage someone to live for their job, and he applies that logic to the things he loves to do, welcoming the outdoors into his life on his own terms.
Rather, people means everything to Josh. “I’m not a solo explorer. It’s about the journey, people and conversations, the little moments as much as it is about big moments.” This inspired Black Scottish Adventurers. His relationship with the Highlands began keeping pace with his move to Scotland over a decade ago, born of a sense of fun and freedom, rather than a desire for challenge.
With over a decade of hillwalking behind him, Josh started encouraging Black people into the mountains through a WhatsApp group for like-minded individuals. Now, the BSA community and team are promoting inclusion and outdoors access for the Black community.
Josh says, “Being in the hills is an extension of my life, of who I am, and who I want to be.” He goes into the mountains when he wants to, in order to integrate with the natural world. But he’s as likely to see friends in Edinburgh as he is to walk a Munro. He quickly admits “I’m a social animal, anyway!”
Josh’s ability to live in the moment, mountainside or not, is refreshing. He gives “glory to those who seek the mountains as a shelter,” but adds, “I want to find balance between doing what I love and being with people I love so I don’t put myself in a hole. I strengthen the relationships I have with my non-hillwalking family and friends, and won’t separate myself from possibilities.”
1. Why does Josh climb mountains?| A．To escape from stressful work. | B．To enjoy the pleasure and freedom. |
| C．To satisfy his curiosity about nature. | D．To encourage black people to live for job. |
| A．Make hill accessible to them. | B．Further inclusion of black people. |
| C．Encourage them to climb mountains. | D．Help them find balance between work and play. |
| A．Josh expects to be an adventurer. |
| B．Josh gets lost in his pressured work. |
| C．Josh thinks highly of hillwalking as well as friends. |
| D．Josh climbs mountains so as to make peace with nature. |
| A．Considerate and warm-hearted. | B．Cautious and people-centered. |
| C．Ambitious and highly-motivated. | D．Straightforward and independent. |
7 . When people are stressed, anxious or depressed, they are unlikely to make healthy lifestyle choices. They may be more likely to smoke more, not be physically active, drink too much alcohol and sleep too little or too much.
To begin with, identify the cause of your depression, stress or anxiety and address it.
Thirdly, make healthy lifestyle changes one at a time.
Ultimately, you have to take care of yourself to break the cycle of feeling down.
| A．Don’t try to fix everything at once. |
| B．At times you may feel down for a couple of days. |
| C．Meanwhile, choose healthy habits and don’t rush it. |
| D．It is important to stay heart healthy, even when you’re down. |
| E．Over time, these unhealthy behaviors can increase the risk for heart disease. |
| F．That could be something you can do anywhere, such as listening to music or reading a book. |
| G．Depression and anxiety can also lead to heart diseases, including heart failure, stroke and heart attack. |
8 . Mindful weight loss is an approach to losing weight that emphasis being aware of your physical and emotional state about food choices. Research shows that mindful eating can help people reach their target weight more effectively and sustainably than dieting alone. It involves developing a deeper understanding of hunger, cravings (渴望) and emotions related to food, as well as learning to better listen to the body’s need.
The practice of mindful eating starts with paying attention to what you are feeling rather than focusing on restricting calones or avoiding certain foods together. You may be asked questions such as “How hungry am I” or “What am I really craving?” that help you focus on what your body is telling you.
A key component of mindful weight loss is researching healthy foods, understanding portions, and learning about nutrition labels.
Mindfulness helps to stay strong in the face of cravings and urges by recognizing them as a part of the weight loss journey and staying focused on reaching goals. Practicing regular mindfulness techniques such as deep breathing, yoga or mediation will also help build weight loss over time.
| A．The practice of mindful eating promotes overall health. |
| B．Becoming aware of mindful weight can help you get there. |
| C．Therefore, you can make informed decisions about what to eat. |
| D．Mindful weight loss also includes being aware of emotions related to food. |
| E．With this knowledge, you can change lifestyle for long-term weight loss success. |
| F．Mindful weight is a journey towards health, not just a focus on a specific weight. |
| G．You can also practice mindful eating by experiencing taste, texture, and emotions. |
9 . Parkour Around a City
There are many ways to travel within a city.
The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour (跑酷) today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance.
But parkour enthusiasts themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”.
It’s great that the FIG wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
| A．The city is their playground. |
| B．We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. |
| C．Parkour is more interesting than you ever know. |
| D．Parkour began in France, back in 1988, in the suburbs of Paris. |
| E．However, Parkour enthusiasts sce the city in a completely different way. |
| F．For them, it is a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport, |
| G．So the FIG is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024. |
10 . “FIND YOUR PASSION (热爱)! ” This inspiring instruction suggests it’s important to discover what truly excites us in life. But is it good advice?
Science tells us that passions are developed. They can be raised through curiosity and repeated practices. Our first interest can be developed into a true passion with positive experiences. But “finding” a passion means that it already exists and is waiting to be discovered. This misunderstanding can hold people back. Fortunately, our latest research shows there are ways to encourage a more open outlook about it.
To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets: fixed mindset sees interests as unchangeable, while a growth mindset views interests and passions as developed. A growth mindset of interest comes with many advantages, while a fixed mindset may discourage exploration. In one study, after we excited participants’(参与者的) interest in a topic of black holes with an easy-to-understand video, people with a fixed mindset came to dislike the topic when faced with a technical article. Those with a growth mindset kept their new-found interest despite the difficulty.
So can a growth mindset of interest be taught? We published findings with 700 liberal arts undergraduates, most of whom held limited interest in math and science. We offered students either our intervention (干预) or a study skills module. The intervention included reading and reflective writing activities that helped students think about interests and passions as developed rather than found and fixed. For example, students wrote a paragraph about a case when they developed interest in a new activity. The study skills module, meanwhile, stressed practices such as time management. By the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses——and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills peers.
While our intervention offers a way for schools to support their students, we also believe people can independently build up a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in developing them.
1. What does “this misunderstanding” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to?| A．Passions can be developed with more practices. |
| B．Interest is of great help to build up confidence. |
| C．Passions are fixed and wait to be uncovered. |
| D．Interest can be discouraged by repeated work. |
| A．To make a prediction. | B．To show the difference. |
| C．To protest a decision. | D．To explain the rule. |
| A．Students were grouped based on types of mindset. |
| B．Reflective writings helped students build up interest. |
| C．Study skills were used to reduce students’ stress. |
| D．Better grades contributed to one’s favour to a subject. |
| A．Love what you do, and you’ll keep going and become better. |
| B．Find what you love, and you’ll never have to work a day. |
| C．It can always be easy and exciting to dig into new areas. |
| D．It is much better to get lost in the passion than to lose it. |
