1 . Saving the environment might seem like a tall order, but living an environmentally friendly life is actually quite easy. With just a few small lifestyle changes, you can make a difference.
Recycle.
Recycling is a simplest lifestyle to lower the amount of environmental waste.
Buy locally sourced foods.
Cut back on driving.
Applying alternate forms of transportation consumes less gasoline. Walk or ride a bike whenever possible. If that isn’t an option, consider organizing carpools or using public transportation.
Advocacy allows more people to create a positive impact. Spread the word about environmental conservation by sharing some of the lifestyle changes you’ve made on social media and in conversations with people around, calling on everybody to play a role.
A.Cut back your carbon footprint. |
B.Encourage others to help save the environment. |
C.By doing this, you help reduce traffic jams and the overall amount of gasoline consumption. |
D.Every resident can get involved by taking advantage of nearby recycling services. |
E.The topic of preserving natural resources entertains everyone. |
F.Eating fresh, local food consumes less fuel and packaging materials. |
G.Read on for some practical tips on how a single individual can help save the environment. |
2 . In order to survive trips to Mars, humans need oxygen. Now, a team of scientists has designed a robot that could extract oxygen from water on the Red Planet.
The robot, which is called “AI chemist”, used a machine learning model to find a compound that could ignite an oxygen-producing chemical reaction on Mars. The compound, known as a catalyst (催化剂), is made entirely from elements found in Martian meteorites (陨石) — which means, if such a system could work reliably, space travelers would not need to bring oxygen or even the catalyst needed to produce it.
Mars’ atmosphere contains only trace amounts of oxygen. But scientists have detected evidence of liquid water beneath the planet’s southern ice cap. To create the breathable gas, researchers wanted to find a way to break down this water into its hydrogen and oxygen molecules using materials found on Mars.
Their robot analyzed five meteorites that either came from Mars or had a composition similar to that of the Martian surface. Using a laser, it identified significant amounts of iron, nickel, calcium, magnesium, aluminum and manganese in the samples. From these six elements, the robot’s algorithm (算法) deter-mined it could produce more than 3.7 million possible molecules to break down water and form oxygen on Mars. According to the researchers, finding the best one from this extensive list would take roughly 2,000 years of human labor, but for the AI chemist, it took only weeks.
“On the Earth, we don’t use these six elements,” Yi Luo, a co-author of the study says. “They are not the best choices for catalysts, but it’s only what you’ve got on Mars.”
With its chosen catalyst, the system could produce oxygen from the Martian materials at around - 37℃, demonstrating the chemical reaction could be possible on the cold Martian surface.
Notably, the robot was able to carry out the entire process — analyzing the rock samples, identifying the Jest possible catalyst and producing it without human intervention.
1. What inspired the scientists to design the robot that could extract oxygen?A.Surviving on the Earth. | B.Trips to Mars. |
C.Traveling on the Moon. | D.Water shortage. |
A.The existence of water and catalyst on Mars. | B.The oxygen that Mars’ atmosphere contains. |
C.The scientists’ previous study on meteorites. | D.The low cost of “AI chemist”. |
A.The finding of six elements. | B.The advantages of the robots. |
C.The process of producing oxygen. | D.The formation of the meteorites. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Unclear. | C.Favorable. | D.Indifferent. |
3 . You know that short walk to the shops and back? It’s about 10 minutes each way and you don’t know if you can be glad to make the trip, but that one short walk could save you from an early death, a new research by Cambridge University shows. In fact, as many as one in ten early deaths could be prevented if everyone managed at least half the recommended level of physical activity.
Risks of diseases such as heart disease, strokes(中风) — which were responsible for 17.9 million deaths in 2019 — and various cancers are all reduced with this simple short walk. This easy lifestyle change was also noted in an earlier study in January, 2023, so you really should give it a go.
By carrying out studies among a total of over 30 million participants, the latest Cambridge research found that just 75 minutes of exercise a week can reduce the risk of cancer by 7%. It was also enough to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular(心血管的) disease by 17%.
Professor James Woodcock from the MRC Epidemiology Unit said, “We know that physical activity, such as walking or cycling, is good for you, especially if you feel it raises your heart rate. But what we’ve found is that there are many benefits to heart health and reducing your risk of cancer even if you can only manage 10 minutes every day.”
It goes without saying that doing the recommended 150 minutes per week is more beneficial than just 75 minutes. Around one in six early deaths would be prevented with the two plus hours of exercise, while 11% of cases of cardiovascular disease and 5% of cases of cancer would be avoided.
So what are you waiting for? Boots were made for walking.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The simplicity of a short walk. | B.The reason for people’s death. |
C.The change in people’s lifestyle. | D.The benefits of doing exercise. |
A.Walking can always raise people’s heart rate. |
B.People need at least 75 minutes’ exercise a day. |
C.10 minutes’ exercise a day can make a difference. |
D.Physical activity is not that necessary for people. |
A.By listing numbers. | B.By telling stories. |
C.By describing the processes. | D.By quoting famous sayings. |
A.In a science fiction. | B.In a health magazine. |
C.In a geography book. | D.On a website for language learning. |
4 . When you think of a map, is north on the top or the bottom? Usually, maps are designed with north on top, though when we think about it, there is no logical reason for this bias (偏见). After all, there is no up or down in space. So what is wrong with south, east or west being on the top of the map? The answer is: nothing at all. In fact, north-up maps only became the norm in the last few hundred years.
Ancient Egyptian maps had south at the top because the Nile River flows downhill from mountains in the south to the Mediterranean Sea in the north. Mecca was to the south of most early Muslim civilizations, and south-up maps were designed so that viewers would look up to see Mecca. Medieval Christian maps had east at the top, as they believed the Garden of Eden was in the east. The only early maps that had north at the top were those of early China because the emperor lived in the north.
North seems to have settled at the top of maps during the 16th century, largely thanks to a Flemish mapmaker, Mercator. Mercator was a great admirer of an early Greek mapmaker, who, for reasons now unknown, put north at the top of maps, so Mercator did, too. When Mercator’s world map became the standard map to navigate the oceans, north up became standard as well.
What is the implication of this north-view of the world? Psychologically, people tend to think of up as good and down as bad. Just think of words and phrases like “upmarket”, “upbeat” and “moving up in the world”, and how they contrast with their opposites. Because north is so consistently put at the top of maps, people now think of north as good, too.
Several attempts have been made in recent years by introducing south-up maps to the market. These maps not only give us a chance to see the world differently, but also give everyone the chance to see themselves on top.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A.North-up maps were rare in ancient times. |
B.Deciding up or down in space is ridiculous. |
C.Mecca maps were based on a legend. |
D.The south-up map first appeared in ancient Egypt. |
A.An illogical reason. | B.The spread of Mercator’s maps. |
C.People’s preference for up. | D.An age-old tradition in Greece. |
A.Cautious. | B.Supportive. | C.Uncaring. | D.Disapproving. |
A.To criticize a phenomenon. | B.To compare various facts. |
C.To correct a cultural bias. | D.To argue for a viewpoint. |
5 . Pamukkale, which means “cotton castle” in Turkish, is a natural site in Denizli in southwestern Turkey. The area is famous for a carbonate mineral left by the flowing water. Throughout thousands of years, this mineral has formed white water pools famous around the whole world for their healing properties.
Bath e in the travertine (石灰华) pools
Sit in the theater of Hierapolis
The theater is the main attraction to see if you visit the ruins of Hierapolis.
Bathe in Pamukkale’s antique pool near the Temple of Apollo
There are a few more pools worth exploring near the Temple of Apollo.
This small museum has an interesting collection of antiquities from Hierapolis and is located in a former Roman bathhouse. It showcases beautiful art, stone reliefs, and ancient sarcophagi (石棺) for which the region is famous. Visiting the museum will help bring the city of Hierapolis to life.
A.Unlike the natural travertine pools, these were carved into the rock by the Romans. |
B.The museums closer to the top are the hottest. |
C.Visit the museum of Hierapolis. |
D.There are quite a few things to see and do in and around Pamukkale. |
E.The one thing you should absolutely do is bathing in the white travertine pools. |
F.The ruins of the city have beautiful long roads surrounded by towering columns. |
G.It stands on top of a hill and overlooks the rest of the ancient Greek colony. |
6 . A Neste fuel station in Finland is currently the only place in the world where you can have your car refueled by a robot. It’s the pilot site chosen by Autofuel, a Danish startup, to test its futuristic refueling system—a robotic arm that can locate a car’s fuel tank door, select the right type of fuel; and operate the pump (加油泵).
“Our technology intends to provide the customers with maximum comfort and safety at gas stations,” Jonas Thor Olsen, CEO of Autofuel, said. “The robotic arm doesn’t need human involvement. It allows them to go to the shop for a coffee or take a short break while the car is refueled.”
Autofuel’s solution consists of a robotic arm housed within the fuel pump, and a series of sensors and cameras designed to keep things running smoothly. Cameras detect the vehicle’s registration number, so the system is able to detect what kind of fuel it requires. Another camera directs the car to stop in a certain area so that the arm can easily reach the fuel tank door. The arm itself then starts to move, opening the door, selecting the right fuel and finally refueling the car.
The whole thing looks great in promotional videos, but after one of them recently became popular online, people brought up a few concerns. First of all, in order for the entire process to work, one needs to have their vehicle registered with Autofuel. That’s information many people have no inclination to share for something as small as refueling. Also, the speed at which the robotic arm operates worries a lot of people as it appears to move much slower than a human.
With robots and AI becoming such a big part of our lives lately, it’s easy to imagine solutions like Autofuel becoming mainstream in the near future. But any new innovation has to be tested and improved over and over again.
1. What is a robotic arm’s promotional advantage concerning car refueling?A.It moves faster than a human. | B.It doesn’t need car registration. |
C.It can park cars automatically. | D.It requires no human assistance. |
A.Opportunity. | B.Permission. | C.Willingness. | D.Ability. |
A.It is well accepted. | B.It is far from perfect. |
C.Its structure is strange. | D.Its function is meaningless. |
A.This Robotic Arm Will Refuel Your Car | B.An Innovation Has Been Improved Greatly |
C.Some Negative Views on a Refueling Solution | D.A More Efficient Assistant at the Train Station |
7 . Ready to put in some class work overseas? Then these high school study abroad programs are just for you:
Nacel Educational Travel High School Exchange—9.81 rating
Kicking it with your host sister, beach days in Italy. Study Japanese language and pop culture or improve your German with Nacel’s language immersion programs. You’ll live with a friendly local family. Besides, all Nacel students get a free e-learning course before they arrive!
Where? Japan, Italy, France, Germany
GVIs’ Language Immersion Summer Camps—9.76 rating
If you’re looking to pick up some lesser spoken vocabulary, consider a Nepali language immersion program. Or, consider high school Spanish immersion programs to study Spanish in Costa Rica. With GVI, you’ll learn the language, help with local projects, and be immersed in local culture.
Where? Nepal, Costa Rica
CIP High School Language Exchange Program—9.59 rating
You’ll take Chinese lessons at a Chinese high school, along with subjects of your interest. How do cooking dumplings, practicing Kung Fu moves, and testing out your calligraphy skills sound? Most Chinese lessons will be taught at a local high school and you’ll be provided a room in the school.
Where? China
Carpe Diem’s Caribbean Isles Semester—8.59 rating
Dancing and the best Cuban sandwiches of your life! Head to Cuba and add the perfect touch to your Spanish studies. With over 20 years of experience, Carpe Diem’s Caribbean Isles Semester will go beyond all your expectations. Through social outings and adventure travel, you’ll quickly fall in love with this Caribbean cultural hotspot.
Where? Cuba
1. How high a score does a Nepali-related program get?A.9.81. | B.9.76. | C.9.59. | D.8.59. |
A.Nacel Educational Travel High School Exchange. |
B.GVIs’ Language Immersion Summer Camps. |
C.Carpe Diem’s Caribbean Isles Semester. |
D.CIP High School Language Exchange Program. |
A.Learn German and Spanish. | B.Do community service. |
C.Experience adventure travel. | D.Attend an e-learning course. |
8 . Historical accounts often described the now-extinct California grizzly bears as huge beasts ready to attack humans and livestock at any time. But according to a new paper, scientists say the truth might have been less dramatic: The bears ate a mostly vegetarian diet and were smaller than previously described. California grizzly bears once roamed in the Golden State. But European settlers often hunted, poisoned and trapped the creatures. Over time, because of these human activities, the California grizzly population declined. The last reliable sighting of a California grizzly bear occurred 100 years ago in 1924, and the animals disappeared completely sometime after that.
Researchers wanted to get a better understanding of the factors that accelerated the bears’ extinction. They also hoped to gain more insight into the creatures’ behavior, size and diet. To do so, they turned to documents and California grizzly specimens in natural history collections. They measured the animals’ skulls and teeth and analyzed their bones and pelts. The researchers found that California grizzly bears were much smaller than the 2,000 pounds often reported at the time. Historical accounts might not necessarily have been wrong, but they might have only included the largest bears. In addition, analyses of the animals’ bones and skins suggest the bears were primarily eating plants, which stands in contrast to their fear some hyper carnivorous (超级食肉的) reputation. “The bears likely increased meat consumption due to landscape changes coupled with the arrival of livestock,” says study co-author Alexis Mychajliw. However, researchers found the animals still ate a majority vegetarian diet and killed far less livestock than historical accounts suggested.
By digging beyond the bears’ reputation, the researchers gained a more accurate understanding of the California grizzly’s biology and natural history. And since scientists and land managers often rely on historical accounts when reintroducing animals to their former habitats, the study serves as a reminder that those old newspapers and journals do not tell the whole story.
1. What does the underlined word “roamed” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Disappeared. | B.Declined. | C.Fought. | D.Wandered. |
A.They mainly fed on livestock. |
B.Their diet consisted mostly of plants. |
C.They ate a balanced diet of plants and meat. |
D.The absence of livestock changed their dietary habit. |
A.They are unique. | B.They are one-sided. |
C.They are accurate. | D.They are comprehensive. |
A.The natural habitats of California grizzly bears. |
B.The extinction process of California grizzly bears. |
C.The reveal of the truth of California grizzly bears. |
D.The significance of the arrival of California grizzly bears. |
9 . Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes.
The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina (视网膜) — an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light-detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball, an artificial retina is lined with Nan scale light sensors (纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens (晶状体) at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve networks connect the eyeball to the brain.
“In the future, we can use this to replace damaged human eyes,” says the lead designer. In theory, this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye, because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides, the artificial eyeball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can — within about 30 to 40 milliseconds, rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100-degree field of view isn’t as broad as the150 degrees a human eye can take in, the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light.
Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve.
1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye?A.To replace people’s real eyeballs. | B.To gain a sharper vision. |
C.To help the blind regain their eyesight. | D.To help normal eyes perform better. |
A.The design of the artificial eye. | B.The structure of the human eye. |
C.The advantages of the artificial eye. | D.The material used for the artificial eye. |
A.They have the same structure. |
B.The artificial eye may see more clearly. |
C.The human eye sees better in weak light. |
D.The artificial eye takes in a broader view. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Favorable. | C.Unconcerned. | D.Satisfied. |
10 . Millions of years ago dinosaurs lived on the earth. In the days of dinosaurs the whole earth was warm and wet. There were green forests and they could find enough to eat. Later, parts of the earth became cold and dry, and the forests there died. Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat. This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out.
We can guess another reason. New kinds of animals came on the earth. Some had big brains and were fast and strong. They could kill dinosaurs.
There may be other reasons that we don’t know about yet. Scientists are trying to make more discoveries about dinosaurs.
Dinosaurs have many sizes and shapes (形状). Some were as small as chickens, while some were about 90 feet long.
There were also terrible fights between dinosaurs. They might have happened more than 100 million years ago. Though there was no man to see any of the fights, we can be told by the footprints (足迹) that fights did take place.
1. According to the passage, dinosaurs did exist only________on the earth.A.for millions of years |
B.millions of years ago |
C.more than 100 million years ago |
D.when it was warm and wet somewhere |
A.there were too many dinosaurs |
B.parts of the earth became warm and wet |
C.there were many green forests |
D.they couldn’t find enough to eat |
A.scientists are trying to make some dinosaurs |
B.dinosaurs are dangerous enough |
C.dinosaurs are worth studying further |
D.scientists know nothing about dinosaurs |
A.footprints | B.imagination | C.rocks and forests | D.dinosaurs’ eggs |