1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Millions Of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa

Nature is full of wonders. In what is one of the most breathtaking     1     (sight) in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles break out of their eggshells under the sand at a mass nesting ground in coastal Orissa.

Orissa is home to three mass nesting sites of the Olive turtles, a species     2     (threaten) with extinction. One of the sites, Gahirmatha,     3     around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year,     4     (consider) as one of the world’s largest nesting sites.

The female turtles drag     5     (them) up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again     6     (take) care of the eggs. So the baby turtles grow     7     their mother.    8     (interesting), it is on the same beach where they were born     9     the females lay their eggs.

In recent years, man     10     (make) a negative impact on turtles by using engine-powered fishing boats near their nesting grounds.

2 . If you’re putting together a team for a project, you might tend to pick people with cheerful, optimistic character and flexible thinking. But a new management study indicates your team might also benefit from people who are exactly the opposite.

The study, co-authored by Jing Zhou, the Mary Gibbs Jones Professor of Management and Psychology, investigates the effects of “team affective (情感的) diversity” on team creativity. The paper published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior is among the first research to reveal how, why and under what condition teams’ affective diversity promotes team creativity.

Team members with what researchers call “negative affect” exhibit critical and persistent thinking that allows them to identify problems needing solutions, as well as to search out and critically evaluate relevant information. On the other hand, team members with “positive affect” engage in broad and flexible thinking that expands their range of information and helps them see unusual and creative connections, the researchers say.

“At any given point in time, some team members may experience positive affect such as joy and inspiration, whereas others may experience negative affect such as frustration and worry,” Zhou said. “Instead of trying to homogenize (使...同类化) team members’ affect, teams should accept affective heterogeneity (异质性).”

When a team experiences a high level of this ‘‘affective heterogeneity,” what Zhou describes as “dual-tuning” leads to greater creativity.

The researchers tested their ideas among 59 teams working on a semester-long project in an undergraduate management course at a university in Hong Kong. Each team developed a business plan, which involved designing a new product and distinguishing it from potential competitors in the market.

Zhou stresses that a team’s “affective heterogeneity” can serve as a resource for team creativity. This unique type of diversity boosts team creativity, if the teams have a strong so-called “transactive (交互) memory system.” “Our study suggest that teams may be aided in using their affect heterogeneity via interventions (干预) that focus on building the team’s transactive memory system, which can be accelerated when team members spend time together, share goals, receive information about member specializations and train on the task together,” Zhou said.

1. What is the advantage of “negative affect”?

A．It inspires team’s flexible thinking and discouraging atmosphere.

B．It directly helps team identic solutions to the problem.

C．It helps team enlarge the range of relevant information.

D．It contributes to the particular assessment of information concerned.

2. Which of the following does Professor Zhou probably agree to?

A．A team’s creativity results from “affective heterogeneity”.

B．A team’s creativity can be assisted without transactive memory system.

C．A team should include diverse affects.

D．A team’s “affective homogenization” results in greater creativity.

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The task of the teams in the study requires work of creativity.

B．It is the first study on “affective diversity” promoting team creativity.

C．Dual tuning means shifting negative affect to positive affect at a high level.

D．Transactive memory system can be practiced through interventions.

4. Which item can increase a team’s transactive memory system?

A．Staying alone and keeping focused.

B．Gathering for the task training.

C．Working on the aim separately.

D．A good knowledge of members’ background,

3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

My first year living in Los Angeles, I was a birthday-party clown (小丑). I struggled a lot with my identity because, though I viewed myself as a filmmaker, everyone in my life viewed me as this ridiculous day job. To make matters more confusing, being a clown is itself an identity-masking job. You wear makeup to cover your features. Sometimes I’d have to wear a mask and completely cover my face.

For certain parties, I’d have to go as a specific character. The way that would work is someone from the company would drop off costumes for me the night before a party at an appointed spot. It was like a shameful deal.

One night, they handed me my trash bag and said, “Tomorrow you’re going to be Batman.” Now, keep in mind that at the time I had a giant moustache. I know: a clown with a moustache—that’s a huge red flag for parents. But I hadn’t wanted to change my physical appearance for that job, because that would have been me subconsciously (下意识地) admitting I was more of a clown than an artist, So for the party, I chose not to shave.

The next day, I went to the party. It was at this huge public park, and I had to leave my car parked far enough away so that the kids couldn’t see me getting off my car. So I was all the way on the edge of the park, and the only way for me to get to the party was to walk to it. Normally at these parties, all you have going for you is the element of surprise. You pop in through the front door: “Surprise! Batman’s here!” All the kids go crazy. Without the element of surprise, these visits are meaningless. So I thought, “Should I try to make an entrance (入场) for them?” Reflecting what to do next, I heard a scream, “Look, a Batman with a moustache!” Suddenly, the entire party broke out in laughter.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:

I was so embarrassed and wanted to run back.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

I stared at the cake with a clown wearing a moustache in disbelief.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . 假定你是李华，计划在寒假进行社会实践活动。请写一封信邀请你的外国朋友Mike加入你的活动，内容包括：
1.介绍活动计划；
2.阐述邀请他的原因。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,

I hope this letter finds you well.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

9 . The world is going to have to start thinking seriously to save its coral reefs. Corals are comeback creatures. As the sea levels rose and fell over 30,000 years, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times. But now, thanks to human activity, corals face the most complex conditions they have yet had to deal with.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a rise in global temperature of 1.5C above pre-industrial level could cause coral reefs to decline by 70-90%. The planet is about 1C hotter than in the 19th century and its seas are becoming warmer, stormier and more acidic. This is already affecting relations between corals and the single-celled algae (海藻) with which they live together, and which give them their colour. When waters become unusually warm, corals push the algae out, leaving res a ghostly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans lowers the abundance of carbonate ions (碳酸盐离子), making it harder for corals to form their skeletons (骨骼).

If corals go, divers and ocean biologists are not the only people who will miss them. Reefs take up only one percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbours, many of whom depend on them as a source of protein. In the Coral Triangle, an area of water stretching across South-East Asia and into the Pacific which is home to three-quarters of known coral species, more than 130 million people rely on reefs for food and for their livelihoods in fishing and tourism.

1. What causes corals to decline?

A．Pollution.

B．Tourism.

C．Fishing.

D．Temperature rise.

2. What will affect the color of corals?

A．The single-celled algae.	B．The abundance of carbonate ions.
C．The planet’s fish diversities.	D．The changing chemistry of the oceans.

3. What is not true if global temperature rises by 1.5℃ above pre-industrial level?

A．Coral reefs may decline at least 70%.

B．Corals’ relations with algae may be affected greatly.

C．A quarter of the planet’s fish diversity may be in danger.

D．Carbonate ions may increase and change the chemistry of the oceans.

4. What will the following paragraph probably talk about?

A．Advantages of corals.	B．Measures to save corals.
C．Effects of coral decline.	D．Reasons why corals decline.

10 . From teenage to adulthood, you go through a basket of changes—graduation, jobs and relationships that come and go. But as you grow older, does your personality change? Personality is the pattern of thoughts, feelings and behaviors unique to a person.

People tend to think of personality as fixed. But that is not how it works. “Personality is a developmental phenomenon instead of something that you’re stuck with and can’t get over.” said Brent Roberts, a psychologist at the University of Illinois.

Roberts and other researchers have surveyed the personalities of participants regularly over man years, showing that our personality is actually stable within each decade of life. You don’t notice it on a 1-to-5-year time range, but in the long term, it becomes pronounced.

In 1960, psychologists surveyed over 440, 000 high school students who answered questions about everything from how they reacted to emotion at situations to how efficiently they got work done. Fifty years later, researchers tracked down 1,952 of these students and gave them the same survey. The results found that in their 60s, participants scored much higher than they did as teenagers on questions measuring calmness, self-confidence, leadership and social sensitivity.

Again and again, studies have found similar results. Personality tends to get “better” over time. Psychologists name it “the maturity principle”. People become more extroverted, emotionally stable, agreeable and gentle as they grow older. Some individuals might change less than others, but in general, “the maturity principle” applies to everyone.

So what causes the change? Evidence suggests it’s not dramatic life events, such as marriage, the birth of a child or loss of a loved one. Instead, changing expectations placed on us—as we adjust to university, the work force, starting a family—slowly wear us in, almost like a pair of shoes, Roberts said. “Over time, you are asked to do things differently and thus learn how to behave in these situations.” So we adapt.

1. What has Roberts found about personality according to the passage?

A．It is a stable phenomenon.

B．It changes on a daily basis.

C．It is a fixed patter of thoughts.

D．It develops gradually as we age.

2. How did the psychologists carry out their research according to Paragraph 4?

A．By classifying the facts.	B．By making comparisons.
C．By giving various examples.	D．By quoting previous researches.

3. Which of the following might “the maturity principle” bring about?

A．An approachable and stable character.

B．A calm and self-centered personality.

C．A successful and extraordinary career.

D．An unusual and emotional sensitivity.

4. Why does our personality change according to the last paragraph?

A．Additional expectations are placed on us.

B．Dramatic life events have happened to us.

C．We gradually adapt to different life situations.

D．It is stressful to behave ourselves in adulthood.