1 . “Just the man I was looking for,” said a voice at Winston’s back.

He turned round. It was his friend Syme, who worked in the Research Department. Syme was a philologist, a specialist in Newspeak. Indeed, he was one of the enormous team of experts now ______ in compiling the Eleventh Edition of the Newspeak dictionary.

“How is the dictionary ______?” asked Winston.

“Slowly,” said Syme. “I’m on the adjectives. It’s fascinating.”

He had ______ immediately at the mention of Newspeak.

“The Eleventh Edition is the definitive edition,” he said. We’re getting the language into its final shape --- the shape it’s going to have when nobody speaks anything else. When we’ve finished with it, people like you will have to learn it all over again. You think, I dare say, that our chief job is inventing new words. But not a bit of it! We’re ______words --- scores of them, hundreds of them, every day. We’re cutting the language down to the ______. The Eleventh Edition won’t ______ a single word that will become obsolete before the year 2050.”

His thin dark face had become animated and his eyes had grown almost dreamy.

“It’s a beautiful thing, the destruction of words. It isn’t only the synonyms, there are also the antonyms. After all, what justification is there for a word which is simply the opposite of some other words? A word contains its ______in itself. Take ‘good’, for instance. If you have a word like good, what need is there for a word like ‘bad’? ‘Ungood’ will do just as well --- better, because it’s an exact opposite, which the other is not. Or again, if you want a stronger version of ‘good’, what sense is there in having a whole string of ______useless words like ‘excellent’ and ‘splendid’ and all the rest of them? ‘Plusgood’ covers the meaning, or ‘doubleplusgood’ if you want something ______ still. Of course we sue those forms already, but in the final version of Newspeak there’ll be nothing else. In the end the whole notion of goodness and badness will be covered by only six words --- in reality, only one word. Don’t you see the beauty of that, Winston?”

A sort of vapid eagerness fitted across Winston’s face. Nevertheless Syme immediately detected a certain ______ of enthusiasm.

“You haven’t a real appreciation of Newspeak, Winston,” he said almost sadly. “In your heart you’d prefer to ______ to Oldspeak with all its vagueness and its useless shades of meaning. You don’t grasp the beauty of the destruction of words. Do you know that Newspeak is the only language in the world whose vocabulary gets smaller every year? Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to ______ the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly ______. Already, in the Eleventh Edition, we’re not ______ that point. But the process will still be continuing ______ you and I are dead. Every year fewer words, and the range of consciousness always a little smaller. Even now, there’s no reason or excuse for committing thoughtcrime. But in the end there won’t be any need even for that. Has it ever occurred to you, Winston, that by the year 2050, at the very latest, not a single human being will be alive who could understand such a conversation as we are having now?”

2 . In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents __________ five or more children were common. Over the years, the__________ of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the __________ of living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them ____________ dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better __________ and have more money to spend on _________ . The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers _________ away from home. The break up of the family occurs when the parents ________ . A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling _________ as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children’s emotional and psychological __________ while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and __________ very little time for the parent’s own personal_________ . Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are _________ to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs ___________ that things are getting better. The divorce rate is__________ . The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.

3 . Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just ____ and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. ____ , denying the existence of conflict results in couples ____ to solve their problems at early ____, which can then lead to even greater problems later on. Not surprisingly, expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的) satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behavior ____ increases in marital satisfaction over time. Research suggests that working through conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction.

So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the other person's point of view and put yourself in his or her place. People who are ____ to what their partner thinks and feels ____ greater relationship satisfaction. For example. researchers found that among people in dating relationships ____ marriages, those who can adopt their partner's perspective show more positive ____, more relationship-enhancing attributes and more constructive responses to conflict.

Second, because conflict and disagreements are an ____ part of close relationships, people need to be able to apologize to their partner for wrongdoing and ____ forgiveness from their parents for their own acts. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness. and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line with this ____ , spouses (配偶) who are more forgiving show higher mental quality over time. Increasingly, apologizing can even have ____ health benefits. For example, when people reflect on hurtful ____ and grudges (怨恨), they show negative physiological effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they ____ on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving.

4 . In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new   skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his _______ learning rate, but this can set up   dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any ______. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. _______, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

Parents vary greatly in their ______of strictness towards their children. Some may be   especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night or   punctuality for meals. In general, the_____ represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.

As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To _______ a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that “_______ is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not _______   what they preach(说教), their children may grow _______ and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden _______   of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their   morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

5 . The people you work with are driving you mad and you’d love nothing more than to_______ at them at the top of your lungs. Sure, you’d feel better, but obvious anger remains a taboo（禁忌）at the office. In some cases, it could get you fired. _______, most of you keep a tight lid on your anger.

Office life is increasingly _______ and many workers feel powerless with little control. According to a study, 83% of us have seen a colleague lose their temper at work and 63% of us have lost our temper. The worst office irritants（刺激物）are computer crashes,_______printers, lazy colleagues, inconsiderate bosses and after-hours work email.

But there might be a better solution, one that lets off steam and keeps you _______. “Enter rage rooms”, a trend for a space where you can release your anger with the help of a baseball bat or by smashing items and leaving someone else to clean up the mess. You are given _______ to get angry in a safe environment.

“People are always told not to break things, to control anger, to be well-behaved,” says Stephen Shew, co-founder Battle Sports in Canada. “But in the rage room, they can do just that and not get in trouble. They love to smash printers, as it’s the typical _______ of an office environment, and destroying one is quite _______— think printer destruction in the 1999 comedy Office Space.

The service packages typically cost between $20 and $100 for sessions lasting 10 to 45 minutes. Some clients book a longer one so that they can arrange their chosen items in a particular _______, such as building them into a pyramid.

Then is this really a(n) ________ remedy for stress? Shew says there’s a(n) ________ customer base, from people as young as 19 years old right up to those over 50. Women make up about 60% of rage room participants. “But the room is not a cure-all for your anger,” he warns, “We always tell people that were neither therapists and nor doctors. We’re not saying we’re going to control your anger. These rooms are simply a(n) ________ for dealing with stress.

Professor Brad Bushman of The Ohio State University published a study in 2002 showing Catharsis Theory—acting aggressively or viewing aggression is an effective way to clear anger away-just doesn’t work. It is like using gasoline to put out a flame, which just ________ the flame. It keeps aggressive thoughts active in memory and even   ________     them if people dwell on what made them angry. Indeed, doing nothing at all or doing something irrelevant with anger is more effective. He suggests ________ yourself, such as watching a non-violent funny movie.