1 . 阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Piyingxi, or Chinese shadow puppetry is a traditional opera art among Chinese people. According to historical records, shadow puppetry originated     1     Western Han Dynasty and became popular in Ming & Qing.

Shadow puppetry is an art with a perfect     2     (combine) of light, image, sound and color. In lamp light, the shadow puppet looks crystalline (似水晶的) and graceful, with the cut-out parts brighter than     3     rest.

The performers hold joysticks in their hands that they grab, grind, roll, and press     4     (create) flowing motions, which is exactly     5     the ancient called “a million soldiers in two hands.” In addition to images, performers tell their stories in the locally popular tone with musicians     6     (play) instruments in the background.

The coloring is also an     7     (amaze) step in making a shadow figure. The favorite colors are the pure ones, most of     8     are red, green and black in practice, as yellow is the original color of the skins, and the light leaked through the cut-outs is     9     (natural) white.

The harmonious co-existence of sounds, colors, light and shadow     10     (make) shadow puppetry a colorful addition to people’s leisure time.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A tea bag is a small, porous packet that contains     1     (dry) plant material, which, when soaked in hot water, helps to make tea. Tea bags are     2     (general) made of filter paper.

Tea bags range from a square or rectangular shape to a tetrahedral (四面体的) and even circular shape. There’s typically     3     small string attached to each tea bag with a paper label at the top.

Tea bags     4     (use) since the 8th century — in the era of the Tang dynasty. In those days, paper was folded and sewn into square bags so that tea flavors could be preserved for a long time,     5     (lay) the foundation for modern tea bags.

The modern version of tea bags first appeared in the Western World as early as 1903. Commercially, however, tea bags made their appearance around 1908,     6     coffee importer Thomas Sullivan shipped his silk tea bags all over the world. Those tea bags were supposed     7     (tear) before use, and their loose contents were then poured into hot water to brew tea.

However, people found that it was more convenient to brew tea     8     the tea leaves still enclosed in the bags. Since dipping tea bags into water didn’t seem to cause any change in the taste, people gradually did away with the practice of     9     (remove) the tea bag, and started dipping it directly into hot water instead.

It’s generally advised to not squeeze a tea bag soaked in hot water. When you squeeze a tea bag, more tannins (鞣质) are released into the liquid. The result of this is that the drink becomes too bitter, or     10     some call it, “too strong”.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Potala Palace (布达拉宫) is the highest ancient palace in the world. The palace,     1     (name) after a holy hill, is said to be used for greeting a Han princess. Legend has it that in the 7th century,     2     (greet) his bride Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty, Songtsen Gampo built a palace with a thousand rooms up on the Red Hill and named it Potala. The palace was     3    (main) made of stones and woods, and decorated     4     special local tree branches. Later, the ancient palace     5     (destroy) in wars.     6     we see at present is the architecture of the Qing Dynasty and the continuous expanding work outcome since the 17th century.

The Palace has two parts, the Red Palace as the center and the White Palace as two wings. The Red Palace is the highest part in the center that is completely devoted to     7     (religion) study. It was painted red to represent power. It consists of different halls and     8    (library)on many levels with winding passages. The White Palace,     9     once served as the office building of local government makes up the living quarters, and     10     (it) wall was painted white to convey peace and calmness.

6 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The knot button (盘扣), in Chinese, is a distinctive feature of traditional Chinese clothing Eyen today, it is still     1     (high) visible on garments like qi pao—cheongsam. Though normally     2     (associate) with tradition, the knot buttons are currently enjoying renewed popularity.

The history of knot buttons dates back to the prehistoric era, in     3     ropes were firs used as a primitive form of belts. In the 4th century BC, the knot button took     4     (it) present form and remained largely unchanged until the Qing Dynasty. In the second half of the 17th century, jackets and cheongsam of the Manchurian ruling class had     5     wider use of knot buttons.

Knot buttons come in wide     6    (variety) of forms, ranging from plain and simple straight knots to graceful flowery knots. However, generally speaking, the two major groups are distinguished     7     the basis of functions and decorations.

Recent years     8     (see) a comeback of knot buttons in contemporary clothing. Knot buttons of various shapes and sizes,     9     (represent) the creativity of their makers, are being used on different types of garments. The use of Chinese aesthetics(美学)and cultural heritage can attract both Chinese and foreigners who admire the beauty and     10     (unique).

7 . Native people in the Amazon may have been creating fertile soil for farming for thousands of years. And what they learned could offer lessons for people concerned about climate change today.

The Amazon River basin covers much of central South America, across which are archaeological sites where ancient people left their mark on the land. And patches(小块) of strangely fertile soil dot the landscape at many of these sites. It’s darker in color than surrounding soils and richer in carbon.

The industrial world has long viewed the Amazon as a vast wilderness — one that was mostly untouched before Europeans showed up. One reason for this idea was that the soil there is nutrient-poor. But a large number of ancient finds in recent decades has been turning that idea on its head. Plenty of evidence now shows that people were shaping the Amazon for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. Ancient city centers have been found in modern-day Bolivia, for instance.

To find out more, Perron, an Earth scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, became part of a team that reviewed interviews with Kuikuro people, who reported making dark Earth using ash, food scraps and controlled burns. They call the product eegepe.

The researchers also collected soil samples and found that there were “striking similarities” between dark Earth samples from ancient and modern sites. Both were far less acidic than the soils around them and also contained more plant-friendly nutrients.

The soil samples also revealed that on average, dark Earth holds twice as much carbon as the soil around it. Infrared(红外线的) scans in one Brazil region suggest the area holds many pockets of this dark Earth, which may store up to about 9 million tons of carbon that scientists have overlooked, Perron’s team says. That’s about as much carbon as a small, developed country emits per year.

‘Figuring out the true amount will require more data,’ says Antoinette Winkler Prins, a geographer working at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md. Still, ‘the new research could offer insights into the Amazon’s past and future.’

1. What was previously believed about the Amazon River basin?

A．It was a vast wilderness untouched by humans.

B．It was a highly developed region with large cities.

C．It was an uninhabitable region with nutrient-rich soil.

D．It was a moderately fertile region occasionally farmed by natives.

2. What did the researchers find about the dark Earth created by the Kuikuro people?

A．It was made using advanced agricultural techniques.

B．It was fertile and contained more carbon than surrounding soils.

C．It was highly acidic and nutrient-poor.

D．It was only found at ancient archaeological sites.

3. What is the significance of the dark Earth discovered by the researchers?

A．It offers insight into ancient agricultural practices in the Amazon.

B．It is evidence of a highly advanced civilization that lived in the Amazon.

C．It can be used to grow crops in the nutrient-poor soil of the Amazon.

D．It has the potential to reduce carbon emissions from the region.

4. What is the main idea of this article?

A．Ancient Amazonians created fertile soil for farming using advanced techniques.

B．The Amazon River basin was inhabited and cultivated by ancient people.

C．The discovery of dark Earth in the Amazon could have significant implications for climate change.

D．The Kuikuro people have developed sustainable farming practices.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Located in Changping District, Beijing, Juyongguan is of great military importance since ancient times. The two strategic     1     (pass) in the south and north are respectively named “South Pass” and “Juyongguan”. Grand mountains surround Juyongguan; an 18km long valley, commonly known as “Guangou”,     2     (stretch) right across the middle. In Juyongguan, clear streams belt, green mountains overlap, flowers and trees bloom, and birds sing. Owing to the beautiful scenery, Juyongguan has been honored     3     “Juyong Diecui” and one of the “Eight Great Sights of Beijing”.

In the center of stylobate (柱座), there arranges the doorway through     4     people, carriages and horses can all pass. Cloud Terrace at Juyongguan is a large-scale fine work of stone carving,     5     (construct) in Yuan Dynasty.     6     (initial), there were 3 white pagodas (宝塔). Unfortunately, they     7     (destroy) at the turning of Yuan and Ming Dynasty. Subsequently, “Tai’an Temple” was constructed on the stylobate. However, in the 41^st year of Kangxi Reign in Qing Dynasty (1702), the temple suffered from fire,     8     (leave) Cloud Terrace alone.

An overall repair was conducted to architectures in Juyongguan in 1992, restoring     9     (it) former grandness. The     10     (nature) landscape of Juyongguan surroundings is very attractive. Ever since Mingchang Year of Jin Dynasty, “Juyong Diecui” has been listed into “Eight Great Sights of Beijing”.

9 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I love digging in the back garden. Sometimes, I’d dig for pottery and stuff, but I’ve always wanted to find a fossil (化石). I like finding out about the past. At school, my favourite subject is history. I’ve been watching Andy’s Prehistoric Adventures since I was three. I knew I had a good chance of finding a fossil, because my house was built on a muddy, limestone substrate (石灰岩基质), in Walsall, which means millions of years ago, my garden wasn’t my garden at all—it was a coral reef (珊瑚礁).

On 22 March, it was a sunny day. I came back from school. I asked Dad if I could dig in my favourite spot by the yellow bush near our house, where we had planted potatoes and onions, but he told me not to, because he’d just moved a tree there and it was establishing roots. I went to the back garden instead, taking Dad’s old brown wooden garden tools. I dug a big hole, about a foot deep, which didn’t take very long, where I found a ball of mud with something pointy sticking out the top. I ran into the kitchen screaming. I was so excited. I knew it was a fossil.

At first, I thought it might be a deer’s tooth or a goat’s claw. When Dad washed the mud off, we saw that it had lots of bumpy, wavy lines; we both thought it looked like one of the sea anemones, from the fish tank in his office, but with a horn(触角). Dad sent a video to the Fossil Finds UK Facebook group. A man calling himself an archaeologist (考古学家) replied saying it had the markings of a horn coral from the Palaeozoic era, which is the very beginnings of life on Earth. I had found one of the oldest fossils in England.

We looked in my books and online for more information. We typed our postcode into a British Geology Survey search where you can find out what you’re standing on—ours is the oldest substrate in the area, with lots of clay and limestone, but it’s unusual to find anything so close to the surface. Experts told us that my horn coral lived between 415 million and 480 million years ago. There weren’t even proper fish or sharks then.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。

Before the horn coral, the only fossils I was familiar with were shark teeth that Dad got me.

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When I grow up, I want to be an archaeologist (考古学家).

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10 . Try to picture the world before refrigerators. That may be difficult!     1     They may also help store leftovers there after dinner. Yes, life today would be quite different without refrigerators. How did people keep their food fresh before these machines were around?

    2     In cold areas, ancient people could freeze their food. They could then store it in ice and snow. Warmer places allowed for drying food in sunlight. Experts say these early practices gave people the option to settle and form communities.

One advanced method of food storage arose in Persia around 400 BC. People there stored food in structures called Yakhchal, which were buildings made from mud brick to keep ice frozen during even the warmest summer months. During the Middle Ages, people stored meat by salting or smoking it.     3     These foods could then be stored in cool places, like caves, allowing people to save food for difficult times.

Later, buildings called ice houses or ice pits were built upon the idea of the Yakhchal. Such ice houses were very common by the 1800s. At the end of the 19th century, many people kept their food fresh in iceboxes made of wood.     4     Ice delivery businesses grew with more homes requiring ice to store food.

By the 1930s, many people were using electric refrigerators to keep food fresh.     5     Many refrigerators today come with built-in ice makers. Some people even choose smart refrigerators that can help them with meal plans and grocery shopping.

A．They would also dry many foods, including grains.

B．These containers held large blocks of ice to keep food cool.

C．No one knows for sure how people first learned to store food.

D．After all, kids today are used to grabbing a snack from the fridge after school.

E．Since then, growth in technology has led these machines to become more advanced.

F．With no means to store food, ancient people often went hungry or even died.

G．Actually, people found different ways to keep their food fresh thousands of years ago.