2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As there have been so many different styles of Western art, perhaps the best way    1    (understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone. His paintings are set apart    2     other paintings by their     3    (reality) human faces and deep emotional impact. Painters concentrated    4    (little) on religious themes during the Renaissance.     5     important breakthrough was the use of perspective by Masaccio and another innovation was the use of oil paints. In subject matter, the emphasis     6    (increase) shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Photography was invented in the mid-19th century, after     7     paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, Impressionism     8    (emerge) in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet     9    (call) Impression, Sunrise. After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask what they would do next. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,     10    instead to ask the question, “What is art?”

5 . More than 3,400 years after two ancient Egyptians were laid to rest, the jars of food left still smell sweet. A team of analytical chemists and archaeologists (考古学家) has analysed these smells to help identify the jars’ contents. The study shows how the exploration of smell can enrich our understanding of the past.

The 1906 discovery of the undisturbed tomb (墓穴) of Kha and Merit symbolized an important stage in Egyptology. The tomb remains the most complete non-royal ancient one ever found in Egypt, showing important information about how high-ranking individuals were treated after death.

Unusually for the time, the archaeologist who discovered the tomb resisted the temptation to open the sealed containers even after they were sent to the Egyptian Museum. The contents of many of these containers are still unknown, although there are some clues, says analytical chemist Ilaria Degano. “From taking with the museum keeper we knew there were some fruity smells in the display cases,” she says.

Degano and her colleagues placed various artefacts (人工制品) inside plastic bags for several days to collect some of the chemical substances they released. Then the team used a special machine to identify the components of the smells from each artefact. They found some chemicals associated with dried fish, and some chemicals common in fruits. The findings will feed into a larger project to reanalyse the tomb’s contents and produce a more comprehensive picture of burial customs for non-royals that existed when Kha and Merit died, about 70 years before Tutankhamun became the Egyptian ruler.

Aside from showing more about past civilizations, ancient smells could make museum visits more inviting. Usually, people admire exhibits with their eyes in museums. “Smell is a relatively unexplored gateway to the collective past for museum visitors,” says Cecilia Bembibre at University College London. “It has the potent alto allow us to experience the in a more emotional, personal way, through our nose.”

1. What can we describe the 1906 discovery of Kha and Merit’ tomb as?

A．A landmark in Egyptology.	B．A turning point in human history.
C．A breakthrough in archaeology.	D．A mirror of ancient non-royal life.

2. What does the underlined word “temptation” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Pressure.

B．Ambition.

C．Desire.

D．Tendency.

3. Degano and her colleagues placed things inside plastic bags to         .

A．protect them from harm	B．gather their smells
C．test the special machine	D．back up a larger project

4. What can the ancient smells do for museum visitors according to Bembibre?

A．They bring them back to the past.

B．They give them emotional support.

C．They change their view on civilizations.

D．They add to their experience.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。

It     1     (happen) that I read about the Antarctic expedition in an advertisement. I was fit and     2     (vigour), so I applied to join the expedition. But Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and was not     3     (qualify), I secretly went aboard but     4     (unfortunate) I was later discovered.

The journey     5     Antarctic was not easy. Endurance     6     (stick) in the ice. It was Shackleton that calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies before     7     (abandon) the ship. This was no time     8     (panic). We then sailed to Elephant Island,     9     things were going from bad to worse. Shackleton left us to find help as it was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it. Though life was hard, Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern and     10     (persevere) filled me with hope.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Originally constructed around 256 BCE     1     the State of Qin as an irrigation and flood control system, Dujiangyan is a remarkable example of ancient engineering skill and is still in use today. During the Warring States period, people who lived along the banks of the Min River were troubled by annual flooding. Qin governor and irrigation engineer Li Bing investigated the problem     2    (thorough). He     3    (lead) a team to construct a levee to redirect a portion of the river’s flow. Then they cut     4     channel through Mount Yulei to discharge the excess water. After the system     5    (finish) no more floods occurred. What’s more, it made Sichuan one of the     6    (product) agricultural regions in China     7     the redirected water from the Min River could be used for irrigation. If you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an unusual construction     8     resembles a fish’s mouth. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, was scientifically designed to control the water flow throughout the year.     9    (recognise) as a UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan     10    (irrigate) farms while preventing floods for over 2,000 years.

9 . If you’ve ever eaten a free doughnut (甜甜圈) on the first Friday in June, you’ve celebrated the Doughnut Lassies — whether you realized it or not. National Doughnut Day was established to honor the Salvation Army volunteers who fried sugary snacks for World War I soldiers on the front line.

When the US entered World War I in 1917, the Salvation Army, a charity organization, sent about 250 volunteers (who were mostly women) to France, where the American army was stationed. The plan was to bring treats and supplies as close to the front line as possible. But the closer the volunteers got to the action, the fewer resources they could access.

Margaret Sheldon and Helen Purviance were credited with bringing doughnuts to the Wester Front. They had a handful of ingredients, including flour, sugar, animal fats, baking powder and canned milk. Doughnuts were one of the few sweet foods they could make without an oven, and once they had a fire hot enough to heat the oil, they could fry them up fast. The women had the pan to cook them in, but for other parts, they had to get creative. For example, grape juice bottles became rolling pins (擀面杖) when necessary.

Sheldon and Purviance’s pan could fit seven doughnuts at a time, and on day one, they made just 150 doughnuts for the group of 800 men. The soldiers even fought over a doughnut. Then they made some changes to their operation, and eventually made 5,000 doughnuts a day. The snacks were so popular that the volunteers earned the nickname “Doughnut Lassies”, while the soldiers they served were nicknamed “Doughboys”.

The Doughnut Lassies’ impact didn’t end with World War Ⅰ. The American soldiers’ experiences overseas made doughnuts a commonly eaten food for them back home.

1. What is the purpose of the Salvation Army in sending the volunteers?

A．To learn about life on the front line.	B．To provide French soldiers with food.
C．To bring food and supplies to the front line.	D．To increase the number of soldiers on the front line.

2. Why did the volunteers decide to make doughnuts rather than other foods?

A．Soldiers preferred doughnuts.	B．They were best at making doughnuts.
C．Doughnuts allowed them to be creative.	D．Doughnuts were their best choice then.

3. How did Sheldon and Purviance probably react on day one?

A．They felt hopeless.	B．They were confused.
C．They were encouraged.	D．They became a bit angry.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Doughnuts were more popular out of the US.

B．The American soldiers got tired of doughnuts.

C．The Doughnut Lassies’ impact didn’t last long.

D．Doughnuts became popular in the US after the war.