1 . A Michigan farmer Bristle was digging with a backhoe (反铲挖土机) in one of his wheat fields when — bang — it struck a large bone.

Bristle contacted Fisher, a paleontology (古生物学家) professor at the University of Michigan. Fisher rushed to the farm and identified the bone as a fossil of an Ice Age mammoth (猛犸象). Since it was harvest season, Bristle gave Fisher and his students only one day to remove the rest of the fossils from the ground. The team found 20 percent of the animal’s bones, including its skull, tusks, pelvis, and shoulder blades as well as some teeth, ribs, and other bones.

The age of a mammoth can be determined by counting the rings in one of its tusks. Like the rings in a tree trunk, each ring stands for one year of a mammoth’s life. Fisher thinks that the bones are supposed to belong to male mammoth around forty years old. It was probably a rare hybrid of a woolly mammoth and a Colombian mammoth that lived between 11,700 and 15,000 years ago during the Pleistocene lee Age, when ice sheets covered much of Earth’s land.

The bones appeared to have been cut up and some of them were missing, leading Fisher to conclude that early humans must have killed the animal and stored its meat so they could return to it at a later time. Some other indications of human activity include a stone flake (薄片) that might have been from a cutting tool and the arrangement of the neck bones in order. If the mammoth had died naturally, its bones would have scattered randomly.

In the US, fossils found on private property belong to the owner of the land. However, Bristle donated the fossils to the University of Michigan for further study. Fisher hopes to display the bones at the University of Michigan Museum of Natural History, possibly combined with fiberglass models of bones from other Michigan mammoths to form a complete Mammoth skeleton (骨架).

1. Why was Fisher’s time limited to one day?

A．Because the mammoth was a small one.	B．Because it was easy to remove the bones.
C．Because it was the time of gathering crops.	D．Because Bristle was busy planting in the field.

2. How did Fisher infer the mammoth’s age?

A．By counting the bones.	B．By judging the living age.
C．By measuring the ice sheets.	D．By numbering the tusk rings.

3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．How the mammoth died.	B．Where the missing meat was.
C．How the stone flake was made.	D．Whether the neck bones scattered.

4. What is Fisher’s wish according to the last paragraph?

A．To own the fossils.	B．To study the mammoth.
C．To complete the skeleton.	D．To promote the university.

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How many aspects of the United Kingdom does the man refer to?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

2. Which of the following is NOT a historical monument?

A．Windsor Castle.

B．The Tower of London.

C．The National Gallery.

3. Which of the following film series was NOT produced by a British studio?

A．James Bond.

B．Star Wars.

C．Harry Potter.

4. Which of the following sports originated in the United Kingdom?

A．Badminton.

B．Basketball.

C．Golf.

4 . Abraham Lincoln is considered one of the greatest leaders of America by many Americans. Yet people alive when Lincoln was elected in 1860 would probably be surprised by modern-day opinions about him. He had little formal education or government experience. During the presidential campaign, people made fun of his appearance and his simple way of talking.     1    

Born in a poor family, Lincoln taught himself by reading books and eventually became a lawyer. He was known for being tall and strong. And he was honest.     2     After he became a politician, Lincoln believed slavery violated the American Declaration of Independence, which said all men had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Due to his political beliefs, the support of anti-slavery northerners gave him the presidency.     3     In response, 11 southern states withdrew from the Union and formed a new government. Then the American Civil War broke out between the South and the North. Neither side expected the fighting to last very long—a few weeks or maybe months.     4    

The war involved the entire country. At least four million men fought in it. Among the soldiers were African-American and Native-American men. The conflict divided families.     5     And hundreds of thousands of people died. However, the war changed the country. It completely affected American politics, economics, and society. Abraham Lincoln was the US president through all of it.

A．As promised, Lincoln sent the supply ships.

B．Brothers, fathers, and sons fought against each other.

C．The people he defended in the court called him “Honest Abe”.

D．But the southern, slave-holding states did not support him.

E．To everyone’s surprise, the American Civil War lasted more than four years.

F．Some of his opponents-—especially in southern states—had even bigger concerns.

G．They warned that he was not very intelligent and would harm the nation’s image.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As a costume drama A Dream of Splendor     1    (draw) many audiences this summer, the way the heroine Zhao Pan’er makes tea in the drama also attracted much attention. Heytea, a Chinese boutique teahouse chain, recently launched new flavored tea drinks     2    (base) on the recipe from the TV show.

It is well known that China is not only the home of most of the world’s tea,     3    has a series of customs concerning tea making and tea choice according to the seasons. In summer, green tea is highly recommended, for     4    (it) character is “cold” in traditional Chinese medical theories, suitable     5    (calm) the restlessness caused by hot summer.

Since the Southern Song Dynasty, loose leaf green tea     6    (drink) in China. It is said that Emperor Qianlong from the Qing Dynasty was a tea lover and often enjoyed Longjing, the most well-known Chinese green tea produced in Zhejiang province, during his     7    (day) life in summer.     8    Longjing, Chinese green tea has many family members with beautiful and poetic names, such as Yunwu,     9    literally means cloud and mist. When you feel hot and restless, have Chinese green tea and enjoy     10    mouthful of “cool summer”.

6 . If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood.     1     Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China.     2     And in the 20th century both Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai were big fans of the game.

And, though it may look quite a bit different than Western chess, Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can do and how the game is played. Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”.     3    

Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross.     4     This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums.     5    

A．Actually, in Xiangqi he is just a general.

B．During the Qing Dynasty its popularity grew.

C．It is called “the Chu River and the Han Boundary”.

D．The game is called Xiangqi, a game of ordinary people.

E．There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess.

F．An intense battle is about to take place on this small chessboard.

G．Several sayings related to Xiangqi are in common use in China today.

7 . The Maginot Line was one of the largest military structures (军事建筑) ever built, second only to the Great Wall of China. It was named after the man, French Minister of War André Maginot, who argued for its construction. André Maginot had fought with the French against the Germans in the First World War. Much of this conflict took place along the Western Front, which was a line of trenches (堑壕) across which the two sides faced one another. Both sides dug in deep and each lost many men over little ground.

Maginot never forgot these bad conditions. Thus he wanted to build a line of defences that would give the French an advantage in a similar conflict. He was concerned that the Germans would attack France again. Germany's population nearly doubled France's. The line of defences that Maginot pictured would allow a smaller French army to hold off a larger German force. In1929, Maginot persuaded the French Parliament to agree with his idea.

Though calling it a line makes it seem thin, the Maginot Line was in fact quite deep. It was fifteen miles wide at some points. There were outposts (前哨) guarded by troops, antitank rails planted in the ground, storage rooms armed with machine guns, and large and small fortresses (碉堡) along the line. Each had halls, lots of supplies, and air conditioning. The Maginot Line would give the French a supreme advantage in the case of a head-on (正面的) attack by the Germans.

Unfortunately for the French, the Germans did not attack head-on. They arranged for a small army in front of the line to attract the French. While the French were waiting, the Germans sent a larger force through Belgium, which is France's northeastern neighbor. The French did have some defences along their border with Belgium, but this part of the Maginot Line had not been strengthened. The Germans quickly attacked these defences. Within five days of their initial attack, they were well into France. Once they were in France, the Germans attempted to capture the main fortresses along the Maginot Line. Soon, Paris was taken and the Maginot Line turned into a failed project.

1. What did André Maginot learn from World War I?

A．The importance of setting up a defense line.

B．The ways of getting France out of conflicts.

C．The secrets of defeating Germany totally.

D．The urgency of strengthening armed forces.

2. What are described in detail in the third paragraph?

A．The French troops.	B．The guns and fortresses.
C．The features of the line.	D．The military supplies.

3. What was the problem with the Maginot Line?

A．It was of poor quality.	B．Part of it looked strange.
C．It was too long.	D．Part of it was weak.

4. How did the Germans break the Maginot Line?

A．They bought off some of the French officers.

B．They attacked the French army from another side.

C．They fought with the French army head-on.

D．They convinced the French army to give up.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since their discovery about nine decades ago, the 3,000-year-old Sanxingdui ruins    1    (recognize) as one of the most important ancient remains in the world. It is a cultural relic from the ancient Shu Kingdom. The name refers to the three earth mounds(土墩) at the site    2    discovery attracted international attention and rewrote the history of Chinese civilization.

It took eight years    3    ( rebuild ) the now 3.96-meter-tall bronze holy tree, which is on exhibition at the Sanxingdui Museum in Sichuan Province, southwest China. Experts say that the tree should be even    4    ( high) as its treetop is still missing. When it was completed, it brought more questions, not answers. No one has been able to know its purpose.

It has a main body and base. It resembles    5    great tree, rising from the top of a three-sided mountain. At three levels on the trunk, three branches emerge, each bearing three fruits.

Nine of these fruits point upward, each with a bird    6    (stand) on it. Experts believe it reflects the ancient Shu people's worship of the Sun God.

This tree doesn't seem to belong to this world. It    7    (certain) doesn't represent the common understanding of nature evident in other bronzeware    8    (produce) in the State of Shu 3,000 years ago. Perhaps it had religious     9    (significant), serving as a link between the mortal world    10    heaven.