1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Harvard is older than the United States. In the early 1630s, some settlers recommended that a university     1    (found) just to improve the quality of their descendants (子孙) so that they could better build the new home. Thus, it was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Like many other universities at that time, Harvard at the early stage often ran into     2     financial crisis. The school board often had to go to Europe to raise     3    (donate), but as you can predict, they often came back     4    their hands empty.

    5    (fortunate), in 1638, John Harvard, pastor of Charlestown, passed away. He left his library and half his estate (财产) to the institution,     6    were the biggest contribution ever since its establishment. Therefore, the university was named after his name. Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard     7    (stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard, and it is perhaps the University’s best     8    (know) landmark.

It is universally     9    (acknowledge) that John Harvard was respected and remembered by the people in the USA owing to    10     he did.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the modern Olympic Games     1     (start) in 1896 in Athens, Greece, there was no such thing as the Winter Olympics.     2    (player) completed only in the Summer Games. However, there were the Nordic Games. There was a(n)     3    (compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting in 1901. But the Nordic Games were only to athletes     4    Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

The winter sports were popular, so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week     5     (hold) in Chamonix, France. About 250 athletes from 16 countries   competed in nine sports   and there were 11 female athletes,     6     competed in figure skating.

Still, the Winter Olympics were under way, adding more sports to the games and     7     (especial) more sports for women. Women got the chance     8    (take) part in skiing, ice hockey(冰球）    9     other sports. Now the Games have such     10    (interest) events as snowboarding and skeleton(俯式冰橇）.

3 . The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California is one of the world's most beautiful bridges. It is also one of the most visited places in the world. Vehicles(车辆) cross the bridge an average of 41 million times each year. More than 1,800 hundred million vehicles have used the bridge since it opened more than 70 years ago.
The bridge was painted “International Orange” because that color went well with the natural surroundings. The color also is easier to see in the heavy fog that often covers the area. But the Golden Gate Bridge was not named for its orange color. It was named for the body of water that it crosses, the Golden Gate Strait.
The Golden Gate Strait is the entrance to the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The Golden Gate Bridge links the city of San Francisco with Marin County，California.
Planning for the bridge began in the 1920s when the area around San Francisco was growing. People living in the area needed another way to get to the city besides small ferries(渡船)．
Joseph Strauss was the chief engineer for the project. Work began in 1934. Mr.Strauss demanded the strongest safety protections in the history of bridge building. These included the first use of “hard hats” to protect the workers' heads and special glasses to protect their eyes.
A special safety net was suspended(挂) under the bridge. This net saved the lives of 19 men during the construction. However, 11 other workers were killed when they fell from the bridge through the net. Still, this was a new safety record for the time.
The Golden Gate Bridge opened in 1937. It extends 1,280 meters across the water. The total length is 2,737 meters. It was the largest suspension bridge(吊桥) in the world until 1964. That is when the Verrazano Narrows Bridge opened in New York City. Today, the Golden Gate Bridge is the ninth longest suspension bridge in the world.
1. The Golden Gate Bridge was named after ________．

A．the local climate	B．the color of a paint
C．the strait it crosses	D．its natural surroundings

2. How did people cross the Golden Gate Strait before the bridge was built?

A．By plane.

B．By boat.

C．By road.

D．By train.

3. The purpose of suspending a special safety net is to ________.

A．protect the environment

B．make construction easier

C．prevent workers from falling

D．save building materials from falling

4. What do we know about Joseph Strauss?

A．He attached importance to the workers' safety.

B．His safety measures were not of practical value.

C．He built the first suspension bridge in the world.

D．He demanded strong measures to ensure the safety of the bridge.