1 . What should a university education be in today’s world and what should it mean? And what indeed is a university? How do we think about its duties and our duties?
First, universities are about knowledge and the pursuit (追求) of truth. We believe in facts and in the power of the human mind to find them out. We regard education and learning as a way to human betterment and democratic government. Harvard is a research (研究) university, which means that people working here are making every effort to push the limits of knowledge in their fields. And as you learn, you are invited to be part of this adventure of discovery — in and beyond classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and museums. You may finally write an essay when you graduate — about 40 percent of last year’s students did — a project in which you develop an interest, a problem of your own independent research — or perhaps you will spend a summer as part of our students research village, living on campus together with other student researchers while you work closely with professors in order to get new knowledge.
We believe that the pursuit of truth needs a series of testing, of discussion, and of debate. We are never so complacent as to believe we have perfectly gained the truth. We know there is always more to know, so we must be open to new ideas, to the possibility of being wrong. This needs all of us to work with courage and generosity — to be willing to take part in the great debate, open to others’ ideas and willing to change our views based on reason. But these are not just brain skills that we hope to develop in each of you. These are human abilities as well, and the willingness to be open to learning and growth while new truths gradually appear and become known and understood to all.
1. According to the author, a research university is a place where .| A．progress can be made for human betterment and democratic government |
| B．students must write an essay when they graduate from the university |
| C．people work hard to make new discoveries in various fields of research |
| D．students live on campus with professors in order to get new knowledge |
| A．quite pleased | B．too proud |
| C．pretty sure | D．very impatient |
| A．It takes both a long time and carefulness to complete the pursuit of truth. |
| B．Making mistakes is acceptable because there is no end to knowledge learning. |
| C．Human abilities are more important than brain skills in the pursuit of truth. |
| D．We should be willing to change our views if others point out they are wrong |
| A．To describe what a research university is like. |
| B．To give suggestions to those who are graduating. |
| C．To encourage those what eve just entered college. |
| D．To express the importance of looking for truth. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线。并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When Li Ming was a primary school student,he had to wearing glasses.Now he is becoming more and more near-sighted.The more he reads,the thick his glasses become.As far as I know it,more and more students have poor eyesight in China.
Why did so many students have to wear glasses?Sometimes they read in strong sunlight and sometimes they read in places which the light is too poor.Some watch TV too many.Some even have a bad habit of reading in bed.As result,their eyesight becomes poorer and poorer.
I think students should know the importance of protecting their eye.They should read in places with enough light.Look out of the window or just go out before reading for a while.In a word,we should relax our eyes as often as possibly.
3 . Stay-at-home kids are named “generation nini” in Spain. They are those adults who still live at home and are neither working nor studying. But the problem is not limited to Spain. It is a worldwide problem.
In Italy, they are known as “bamboccioni” or big babies. There nearly 60 percent of 18-34-year-old adults still live in their parents’ home, up from almost 50 percent since 1983. Once kept there by the love for their mama’s home-cooked food, the economic crisis（经济危机）has seen a rise in adults left unable to hold down a steady job or afford a home of their own. Last year, an Italian government minister admitted that his mother washed his clothes and made the bed for him until he was 30. He demanded a law forcing young Italians to leave their parents’ home at 18 to stop them becoming hopelessly dependent on their parents.
In the UK, the government has made the term NEETS---not in employment, education or training for these children. In England alone the percent of NEETS aged 19-24 surged to 18.8 percent of the age group-in the last quarter of 2010, up 1.4 percent on the same period a year before. The number of British men in their 20s living with their parents has risen from 59 percent to 80 percent in the past 15 years, while the number of women has risen from 41percent to 50 percent. The average age of the first-time house buyers is now 38.
In the US, the problem is known as the “full nest syndrome（综合症）”. Adults there are left struggling to support adult children who have stayed at home with student debts and facing few job opportunities in a weak economy. A recent study showed almost a third of American adults aged 34 and under are living with their parents
1. “Big babies” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to those adults who ______.| A．are poorly educated | B．are not as smart as others |
| C．lose their job in the bad economy | D．depend on their parents for a living |
| A．parents should make their children feel hopeless |
| B．young people should live on their own after18 |
| C．parents should never make the bed for their children |
| D．it is OK for adult children to live with their parents |
| A．jumped | B．reduced |
| C．recovered | D．moved |
| A．Some American adult children are causing trouble for their parents |
| B．American parents are happy to live with their children |
| C．America has the most adult children compared with other countries |
| D．It is a tradition for adult children to live with their parents in America |
4 . The new study shows that we spend more time using the mobile Internet to read newspapers and magazines or do some other things. According to the Interactive Advertising Bureau（IAB），the average European spends 4.8 hours reading newspapers and magazines but 1.6 hours more using the mobile Internet per week.
The IAB questioned 15,000 people in 15 European countries, looking at how people were using the Internet and its influence on their everyday lives. It found that the mobile Internet is increasingly finding its way into the public awareness. Over 71 million Europeans now have Internet access on their mobile phones. In the UK, 10 million people now access the Internet through their mobile phones and spend 6.3 hours doing so per week averagely.
Unsurprisingly, young generations in the UK are leading the way, with nearly half of the country's 16-to 24-year-olds and a quarter of 25-to 34-year-olds using the Internet, spending 6.5 and 6.2 hours online each week.
Entertainment plays a main role in our mobile Internet lives，with one in five British people using their phones for online games，a third listening to the online radio and 39 percent watching films，TV or other videos at least once a week. One third of those using an Internet phone said they received videos，images or other multimedia on their mobile，and 61percent said they passed on the contents they had received.
From a communication point of view，80 percent of those questioned agreed that the Internet had made it easier for them to stay in touch with friends and family.
Alison Fennah，director of the IAB，said the use of the mobile Internet had come to the point that marketers should be looking to strategies（策略）that connect them with consumers more effectively. "Better tools as well as improved consumer motivation that start coming together in 2011 can make a great difference to extending the online experience，" Fennah said.
1. How long does a European spend on the mobile Internet per week according to the IAB？| A．6.4hours. | B．6.2hours. |
| C．4.8hours. | D．1.6 hours. |
| A．Communication. | B．Entertainment. |
| C．Study. | D．Advertising. |
| A．more than half of the people in the UK use the mobile Internet |
| B．the Internet is the most effective way to stay in touch with friends and family |
| C．the UK has the largest number of people who use the mobile Internet in Europe |
| D．better tools and improved consumer motivation help extend the online experience |
| A．how to use mobile phones to surf the Internet |
| B．newspapers and magazines will disappear soon |
| C．more and more people use the Internet in Europe |
| D．how the Internet influences our daily lives |
5 . A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he took
Harvold, who has not
The bus driver never regained consciousness and died at Easy Surrey Hospital. He had worked regulary with the
The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend
| A．control | B．care | C．advantage | D．note |
| A．taken in | B．picked up | C．tracked down | D．helped out |
| A．greet | B．thank | C．invite | D．meet |
| A．present | B．introduce | C．take | D．organize |
| A．drive | B．doctor | C．librarian | D．teacher |
| A．given | B．marked | C．passed | D．conducted |
| A．speaking to | B．waiting for | C．returning to | D．looking for |
| A．learned | B．noticed | C．mentioned | D．doubted |
| A．sleep | B．cry | C．move | D．recover |
| A．ran over | B．went by | C．carried | D．hit |
| A．remembered | B．continued | C．prepared | D．managed |
| A．witnessed | B．recorded | C．praised | D．understood |
| A．appeared | B．reacted | C．escaped | D．interrupted |
| A．delay | B．accident | C．mistake | D．experience |
| A．airport | B．hospital | C．school | D．police |
| A．happy | B．fortunate | C．touched | D．sorry |
| A．survive | B．retire | C．relax | D．succeed |
| A．project | B．trip | C．dinner | D．duty |
| A．bravery | B．skill | C．quality | D．knowledge |
| A．necessary | B．easy | C．different | D．free |
6 . Studies show that you may be lied to every day anywhere from 10 to 200 times. We say, “Nice song.” “Honey, you don’t look fat in that, no.” But another study showed that strangers lied three times within the first 10 minutes of meeting each other. We lie more to strangers than we lie to coworkers. Men lie eight times more about themselves than they do about other people. Women lie more to protect other people. If you’re married, you’re going to lie to your wife/ husband in one out of every 10 communications. If you’re unmarried, that number drops to three. But look, if at some point you got lied to, it’s because you agreed to get lied to. Truth about lying: lying’s a cooperative act. Not all lies are harmful. Sometimes we’re willing to get lied to for social dignity (尊严), maybe to keep a private secret.
Lying is complex. It exists in our daily and business lives. We’re deeply disturbed by the truth. We explain it, sometimes for very good reasons, other times just because we don’t understand the gaps between ideals and realities in our lives. We’re against lying, but secretly we’re for it in ways that our society has practiced for centuries and centuries. It’s as old as breathing. It’s part of our culture and history. Think the stories from Dante, Shakespeare, the Bible, News of the World.
Lying has great value to the evolution of human beings. Researchers have long known that the more intelligent the species, the more likely it is to lie. We humans like to become leaders. It starts really early. How early? Well, babies will pretend to cry, pause, wait to see who’s coming and then go right back to crying. One-year-olds learn hiding truth. Five-year-olds lie outright and try to control through flattery (奉承). Nine-year-olds, masters of covering up.
So what do we do about lies? Well, there are steps we can take to guide our way through the bushes. Trained lie spotters (检测员) get to the truth 90% of the time. The rest of us, we’re only 54% right. There are clever liars and stupid liars, but there’re no real creative liars. While lying, we all make the same mistakes, and we all use the same techniques.
1. The passage tells us in the first paragraph that lying is very __________.| A．harmful | B．easy |
| C．interesting | D．common |
| A．people are for it as well as against it | B．it is the whole part of great culture |
| C．ancient stories are full of lies | D．it is practiced by clever ones |
| A．the liar’s words are sweet enough | B．someone gives the liar cooperation |
| C．we are willing to lie for good reasons | D．it is given to a complete stranger |
| A．How to become clever liars. | B．How to avoid stupid lies. |
| C．How to tell truth from lies. | D．How to get through the bushes. |
7 . The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed breakers（减速带） on major highways and roads, in order to check speeding and careless driving, and finally make its deadly roads a little safer. "We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers," India's transport minister Nitin Gadkari wrote.
The optical illusions(视觉错觉) are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which are considered to be a safety hazard for high-speed vehicles. India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,000 people are killed by road accidents.
The use of optical illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings. In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, a mother and her daughter, both artists, have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of 2016. The artists say their motto is "to increase the attention of drivers", and that the concept has been successfully tested in accident-prone zones on a highway.
However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers are visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that India's decision does not consider the safety of a large number of pedestrians. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.
1. Why are 3D paintings used on main highways and roads?| A．To make the surroundings more beautiful. |
| B．To attract the attention of tourists. |
| C．To reduce the rate of traffic accidents. |
| D．To show the advanced technology. |
| A．Reminder | B．Threat | C．Regulation | D．Theory |
| A．The use of optical illusions as speed breakers is controversial in India. |
| B．Philadelphia is the second place to use virtual speed breakers in the US. |
| C．The idea tested in Ahmedabad recently has been a failure. |
| D．The new policy of 3D zebra crossings must be carried out. |
| A．They can immediately lower the death rate. |
| B．They have been widely used in India so far. |
| C．They are designed to increase drivers’ attention. |
| D．They are welcomed by both drivers and pedestrians. |
8 . The iPhone, the iPad: each of Apple’s products sounds cool and has become a fad. Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” — and many other brands are following suit. The BBC’s iPlayer — which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet — used the title in 2008. A lovely bear — popular in the US and UK — that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. A slimmed-down version of London’s Independent newspaper was started last week under the name “i”.
In general, single-letter prefixes have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use.
Most “i” products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independent’s “i”, it’s no surprise that they’ve selected this fashionable name.
But it’s hard to see what’s so special about the letter “i”. Why not use “a”, “b”, or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King’s College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”, no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPod, it seems it didn’t have one clear definition,” he says.
“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now connected with portability.”adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with “Google” and “blog”, readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows, people grow tired of fads. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was connected with all things advanced and modern. However, as we entered the new century, the fashion disappeared.
1. We can infer that the Independent’s “i” is designed for _________.| A．old readers | B．young readers | C．fashionable women | D．engineers |
| A．Popular | B．clear | C．uncertain | D．unique |
| A．portable | B．environmentally friendly | C．advanced | D．recyclable |
| A．“i” products are often of high quality |
| B．iTeddy is alive bear |
| C．the letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the products |
| D．the popularity of “i” products may not last long |
9 . Could a cave be the place of buried treasure in a small village in Marajgushu, near Navasha, Kenya? A rumor of treasure has some villagers dreaming of wealth, while ohters see it as a cheat. It’s said that in the 1800s a white man left treasure inside the caves.
This system of caves has become the center of excitement in the village. It is unclear where the rumor came from, but some local people believe white settlers hid gold and other precious metals in the cave before leavign the area, many years ago.
Local villager Edward Maina says the rumors have brought a lot of treasure hunters flooding into town to dig in the caves. Villages say original treasure seekers entered the cave nearly two months ago before being arrested by police. Local governmetns closed up the entrance, but they broke back in.
While neither gold nor silver has been found yet, the cave does guard another important resource: water. Many depend on a natural spring coming from the cave and local officials, among them Ward Councilor Gaka Mwaniki, worry the digging could affect or dirty the supply.
“There’s nothing. We’ve seen ourselves there’s nothing in those caves. The cave is natural. It’s the water table that they’re affecting” says Mwaniki.
Local resident James Mbugua Njenga wants the situation brought under control. “If at all there’s treasure inside there, let the government come and dig and protect the water table,”says Njenga.
It might be true. It might be a cheat. Whatever the case, treasure hunters continue to be attracted to the mystery of the caves.
1. What did the treasure hunters do after the cave was closed up?| A．They entered the cave again | B．They gave up seeking treasusre |
| C．They fought again the police | D．They looked for anohter cave |
| A．The treasure | B．The water |
| C．The cave | D．The villagers |
| A．the loss of the treasure | B．the damage to the cave |
| C．the pollution to the water | D．the flood in the village |
| A．there is no treasure in the cave |
| B．the story about treasure must be a cheat |
| C．treasure seekers should be arrested |
| D．the government should protect the cave |
| A．The seeking of hidden treasure in central Kenya |
| B．A great finding of a cave in central Kenya |
| C．The life of the villagers in central Kenya |
| D．The worry about pollution in central Kenya |
10 . Some people asked me how I could suggest the expenses of billions of dollars for a voyage to Mars, at a time when many children on this Earth are starving to death. I know that they do not expect an answer such as “ Oh, I did not know that there are children dying from hunger, but from now on I will stop any kind of space research until mankind has solved that problem! ”In fact, I have known of this long before.
But I firmly believe that by working for the space program we can make some contributions to the relief and eventual solution of such serious problems as poverty and hunger on the Earth. Two basic factors causing the poverty and hunger problems are the production of food and the distribution (分布) of food. In fact, large areas of land could be used far better if efficient methods of farming, fertilizer use, weather forecasting, field selection, planting, crop surveys, harvest planning and so on were applied. The best tool for the improvement of all these methods undoubtedly, is the artificial Earth satellite. Circling the globe at a high altitude, it can screen wide areas of land within a short time; it can observe and measure a large variety of factors indicating the status and condition of crops, soil, droughts, rainfall, snow cover, etc.
Besides, in the modern society, there is a continuing great need for new basic knowledge in the science if we wish to improve the conditions of human life on the Earth. We need more knowledge in physics and chemistry, in biology and physiology, and particularly in medicine to cope with all these problems which threaten man’s life: hunger, disease, overpopulation, pollution of water and the environment. In a way, the space age not only holds out a mirror in which we can see ourselves, it also provides us with the technologies.
1. The passage is mainly discussing about .| A．whether the children’s dying from hunger is the major problem |
| B．whether it is worth spending much money on the space research |
| C．whether the author’s suggestion has been taken into serious consideration |
| D．whether there is an effective way to avoid the global starvation |
| A．Government support. | B．Methods of farming. |
| C．Food supply. | D．Modern technology. |
| A．making comparison | B．giving explanation |
| C．offering advice | D．giving examples |
| A．technologies can help to improve our living quality |
| B．more basic knowledge is required to be learned |
| C．we can live a more peaceful and happier life |
| D．there are different views on the space age |
