1 . MEGHAN YOUNG is a professional Instagram star. She gets paid to climb beautiful mountains, photograph their glittering (闪闪发光的) summits and post about her adventures to her fans.

Young graduated from Seattle University’s school of Law in 2015. But she decided she didn’t want to become a lawyer. Her parents were shocked by the decision. “They were worried about what I was going to do,” Young says. “How was I going to find career stability?”

But her legal skills haven’t gone to waste. Once companies express an interest in working with her, there’s the tough task of negotiating the terms (条款) of the deal. And the work is still unfinished even after she’s done take the photos. When Young returns from her adventures, she carefully edits the images and writes captions to go along with them. Once the posts are public, businesses sometimes don’t pay on time. That's when she needs to follow up. Her least favorite problem is when she discovers that a company has used her photos in a way that violates the terms of the contract.That usually leads to time-consuming email exchanges.

Social media influencing is not as effortless as it seems. The stress it creates even has its own name: creator burnout (精疲力竭) . Young used to obsessively check her post’s performance, which she says will “drive you crazy”, so she stopped. But if she doesn’t reply, people will stop commenting.Without that engagement on her posts, brands won’t want to keep paying her. Therefore, she had to accept the fact that she’ll be tethered (拴住) to her phone as long as she’s in this line of work.

Beyond the day-to- day headaches of a career online, social media’s inherent (固有的) uncertainly also poses problems for creators. There are times when Young is staring at the calendar without another project in the works. In the long term, it can be risky to focus a career on a single platform, or even on social media itself.

Yet Young says it’s all been worth it, because the sponsorship allow her to spend much of her life in the mountains. Her ideal day starts with unzipping her tent at dawn so she can take pictures of the sunrise reflecting on snowy summits around her. Few jobs in the world would allow her to do that so consistently (一贯地) .

1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The main work involved in being an Instagram influencer.

B．The difficulties that every Instagram star will meet.

C．How to deal with dishonest companies.

D．How Meghan Young’s legal skills help her work.

2. According to the article, all of the following are problems with being a social media influencer EXCEPT__________.

A．there are a lot of tough tasks when dealing with sponsors.

B．the work of photo-taking and image-editing is difficult to handle.

C．it is stressful to check one’s phone and to interact with fans all the time.

D．the income is unstable and the career prospects are uncertain.

3. According to the article, what is Meghan Young’s attitude toward her career as a full-time influencer?

A．Bored.	B．Worried.
C．Satisfied	D．Confident.

4. According to the article, which of the following statements is true?

A．Meghan Young’s decision to be a full-time influencer was supported by her parents.

B．It happens frequently that Meghan Young doesn’t get paid on time.

C．It is impossible for Instagram influencers to put down their phones.

D．In order to increase their influence, creators have to keep a good relationship with fans.

2 . Have you ever heard of Big Data or are you familiar with Data Scientists and Data Engineers? They are probably new job titles, but the core job roles have been around for a while. Traditionally, anyone who analyzed data would be called a “data analyst” and anyone who created backend platforms to support data analysis would be a “Business intelligence (BI) Developer”.     1    

Here’s an overview of the roles of the Data Analyst, BI Developer, Data Scientist and Data Engineer.

Data Analysts are experienced data professionals in their organization who can question and process data, provide reports, summarize and visualize data. They have a strong understanding of how to influence existing tools and methods to solve a problem.     2    . However, they are not expected to deal with analyzing big data, nor are they typically expected to have the mathematical or research background to develop new algorithms for specific problems.

Skills: Data Analysts need to have a baseline understanding of some core skills: statistics, data munging, data visualization, exploratory data analysis, Tools: Microsoft Excel, SPSS, SPSS Modeler, SAS, SAS Miner, SQL, Microsoft Access, Tableau, SSAS.

    3    . And then they collect requirements, design, and build BI and reporting solutions for the company. They have to design, develop and support new and existing data warehouses, ETL packages, dashboards and analytical reports.

Additionally, they work with databases, both relational and multidimensional, and should have great SQL development skills to integrate data from different resources. They use all of these skills to meet the enterprise-wide self-service needs. BI Developers are typically not expected to perform data analyses.

Data Engineers are the data professionals who prepare the “big data” infrastructure to be analyzed by Data Scientists.     4    . Then, they write complex queries on that, make sure it is easily accessible, works smoothly, and their goal is optimizing（优化）the performance of their company’s big data ecosystem.

They might also run some ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) on top of big datasets and create big data warehouses that can be used for reporting or analysis by data scientists.

A．In this case, the curious Data Scientist is expected to explore the data, come up with the right questions, and provide interesting findings!

B．Business intelligence Developers are data experts that interact more closely with internal stakeholders to understand the reporting needs.

C．With the emergence of big data, new roles began popping up in corporations and research centers -- namely, Data Scientists and Data Engineers.

D．This is why it is essential to know computer science fundamentals and programming, including experience with languages and database (big/small) technologies.

E．And they also help people from across the company understand specific questions with ad-hocreports and charts.

F．They are software engineers who design, build, integrate data from various resources, and manage big data.

3 . When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuse, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kinds of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.

As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.

The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn Ferry, senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”

Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana when the business became part of PepsiCo (PEP) a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willemstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.

Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”

1. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being _______.

A．arrogant.

B．frank.

C．self-centered.

D．impulsive.

2. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be encouraged by _______.

A．their expectation of better financial status	B．their need to reflect on their private life
C．their strained relations with the boards	D．their pursuit of new career goals

3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.

A．top performers used to cling to their posts

B．loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated

C．top performers care more about reputations

D．it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．CEOs; Where to Go?	B．CEOs: All the Way Up?
C．Top Managers Jump without a Net	D．The Only Way Out for Top Performers

4 . Criticism of Big Tech is intensifying. At Congressional hearings last week, politicians from across the aisle gave a rough ride to executives of some of the world's most valuable companies. Amid the hubbub(喧哗), the resignation of Google's Meredith Whittaker was less noticed, but significant. Ms Whittaker, a Google artificial intelligence researcher, was a leader of protests insider the company last year. In an internal note to fellow employees, she warned that developers have a “short window in which to act" to stop increasingly dangerous uses of artificial intelligence.

Ms Whittaker' s resignation reflects a growing tendency for tech companies' own staff to try to serve as the moral compass and conscience of their businesses. In companies whose value relies so much on human and intellectual capital ---and in being able to attract the sharpest minds ---employees have considerable potential impact, especially collectively.

The Google Walkouts of which Ms Whittaker was a leader began in response to the search group's treatment of sexual harassment complaints. They snowballed to include broader issues around the company’s technologies. Ms Whittaker’s decision now to resign suggests many Big Tech companies are still not doing enough to attend to employees' concerns over corporate culture. Yet responding to internal calls to action should be an obvious choice. Threats of strikes or resignations by the talented staff who build systems risk undermining technology companies' competitiveness. Employee action can act to strengthen measures by regulators who are increasingly proactive in dealing with the excesses of Big Tech.

The rise of collective action for social good is encouraging. Traditional labour focuses ----such as workers' rights around pay and hours ----- remain important in a sector which still also makes heavy uses of cheap and poorly-skilled workers. Attempts to pressure companies into behaving ethically have more often been driven by single employees. Avenues are needed to ensure that workers can discuss potentially unethical practices without risking revenge.

Ms Whittaker’s proposal for unionisation is part of a broader chorus demanding greater employee oversight. Alphabet, Google’s parent, has already faced calls from union-sponsored pension funds to add a non-executive employee representative to its board. While not successful this year, the move showed that stakeholders such as investors are pressing for culture change within Big Tech companies.

Workers outside the tech sector, too, are forcing companies to try to solve international problems. A global climate strike is planned for September，encouraging workers to join the thousands of school students who have protested over the past year. In the advertising industry, workers at over 20 agencies refused to work on fossil fuel briefs in solidarity, inspired by the Extinction Rebellion protests. Big Tech, facing ever more open criticism should see the message is clear. To regain trust, it will have to engage not just with regulators, but with its own employees and stakeholders.

1. We can learn from the first paragraph that Ms Whittaker _________

A．drew much criticism from politicians.

B．opposed Google's risky uses of AL.

C．disagreed with her colleagues on the future of AI.

D．resigned because her talent in AI was not recognized.

2. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that tech companies' staff _________

A．can serve as the moral models for traditional labour.

B．should keep sharpening their minds.

C．can pressure companies into behaving ethically.

D．should improve internal collaboration.

3. According to Paragraph3, internal calls to action may _________.

A．damage a company's reputation.

B．threaten a company's competitiveness.

C．impair a company' s corporate culture.

D．strengthen a company 's management system.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．Employees Can Help to Make Big Tech Moral

B．Big Tech Staff Are Different from Traditional Labour

C．The Tech Sector Is Facing Ever More Criticism

D．The Tech Sector Is in a Wave of Resignations

5 . With so many investments required of us to succeed - time, resources, talents, responsibilities, even finances for our retirement - it’s easy to lose sight of the most difficult investment of all to commit to : ourselves.

Getting to the point where you’re ready to start upgrading to you 2.0 isn’t easy. But it doesn’t mean dropping the ball everywhere else. It’s not about omissions, but admissions. Come clean with yourself to kick-start your personal growth.

Unstuck starts with “u”

No one purposely chooses to stop learning and growing again, it just kind of happens in a lot of daily responsibilities and life. And if it were easy to just kick it into gear（ 档 位 ）again, you would have already done it. But the truth is inescapable. If you want to get off that place to higher ground, it’s up to you and only you. No one will just hand you a steady stream of opportunities for growth.

You’ve been working in your life, not on it

Activity is often confused with acceleration（忙碌）. I was guilty of this for years in working place - staying always busy but not admitting I was bored. I was lost in activity and not steeping back to take time to question what I wanted my life to be. Once I began working on my life - quitting corporate, becoming an entrepreneur, restructuring to my life - I started growing once again. And I’ve never been happier.

Things aren’t happening to you, they’re happening for you

A victim mentality（心态）is the enemy of personal growth. Lamenting over everything that has gone wrong in your life only wastes energy from working to make more things go right. If you want to kick-start growth, you must view setbacks as having a purpose, and then put them in their place. The past shouldn’t run or define you - only fuel you.

The perfect time to start doesn’t exist

I had so many things that had to be just right before I could make my long-planned leap from corporate. I’d tell myself, “I’d love to go for it right now, but practically speaking.” Well, guess what? Practicality is poison. It’s the convenient excuse stopping you from what you’re meant to become.

It’s time to unplug others’ opinions

Grow where you want to grow. Learn what you want to learn. Wherever you are on the scale of hat you want to learn next - be it beginner or near - expert own it, be proud of it. Pretenses are for pretenders. You’re just trying to become a better version of your genuine self.

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．If you want to succeed, you have to invest yourself first.

B．Upgrading yourself is hard, but you still need to continue.

C．Giving up upgrading yourself is just like dropping the ball.

D．It’s a kind of responsibility to go on learning though it’s hard.

2. The word lament in the last but 4 paragraphs most probably means ______.

A．to express sadness and feeling sorry about something

B．to repeat what happens to you in the past of your life

C．to show some regretful feeling or thought for our past

D．to recognize something that has gone wrong in the past

3. According to the passage, we can infer that _____.

A．the busier you are, the happier and better you will be

B．what happened shouldn’t prevent you, but protect you

C．whoever you are, just grow where you want to grow

D．how well you grow is actually decided by yourself

4. How many aspects does the writer illustrate his idea on personal growth?

A．3

B．7

C．5

D．6

6 . Much discussed and rarely achieved in full, work-life balance is an elusive prize in modern professional culture. While it can depend greatly on the priorities and values of an individual and their manager, some jobs provide strong opportunities for those looking to combine a fulfilling career with a thriving personal life.

“Work-life balance is not a situation anymore where you’re at work and then you’re at home, it’s more this balancing between the two,” said Lauren Griffin, senior vice president of Adecco Staffing U.S.

Topping the list of jobs that provide strong work-life balance is data scientist. According to IBM, “A data scientist represents an evolution from the business or data analyst role.” IBM notes that while the formal training in computer science and applications, modeling, statistics, analytics and math for these jobs is similar, “What sets the data scientist apart is strong business acumen, coupled with the ability to communicate findings to both business and IT leaders in a way that can influence how an organization approaches a business challenge.”

Stan Ahalt, director of the Renaissance Computing Institute at UNC Chapel Hill, said that the strong demand for data scientists, coupled with the anemic supply of these professionals currently available in talent pipelines, is likely creating a situation where companies will go above and beyond to attract the right talent.

“The demand for people who are able to analyze massive amounts of data and extract actionable decisions has really blossomed,” said Ahalt. “The people who are being hired are being highly sought-after, so I suspect they’re getting relatively good offers, and offers that include flexibility in their hours and locations simply because there are many more jobs than there are people.”

The list is also diverse and representative of a broad spectrum of occupations, with part-time and seasonal jobs like lifeguard and substitute teacher holding spots, as well as corporate jobs and skilled trades.

And for job-seekers or those planning a career change who want to prioritize work-life balance in their next role, Griffin said the most important step is identifying your greatest personal commitment so you can target a job that’s accommodating by nature, or an employer that will work with you to reach a solution.

“You need to define what’s non-negotiable for you,” said Griffin. “What’s that specific thing that you know you need some balance for, is it dropping your kids off, or taking your mother to a doctor’s appointment twice a month? What are those key points for you? Because then you can have a more open conversation with your employer.”

1. A job of work-life balance is suitable for those ____.

A．who gain a prize in professional culture

B．whose managers care about their priorities and values

C．who expect satisfaction from both career and personal life

D．who prefer to work anytime and anywhere at their wills

2. "These jobs" in the third paragraph indicate jobs ____.

A．in the list which provide strong life-work balance

B．of the data scientists, the business analyst and the data analyst

C．that require strong business sense and communication skills

D．that influence new business challenge of an organization

3. Data scientists are people who ____.

A．are professionals likely to create a new situation in talent pipelines

B．can analyze massive amounts of data and extra actionable decisions

C．have relatively good offers including flexibility in their hours and locations

D．are more demanded than part-time lifeguards and substitute teachers

4. For job-seekers who want to highlight work life balance, they ____.

A．must be very committed to the targeted job personally

B．have to support employers decisions without negotiation

C．should first decide what the balance is needed for

D．should drop kids off on time and take care of mothers

7 . People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., will bring about a point in history when A. I. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.

The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, The A. I. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.

Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the A. I. revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide - scale elimination of jobs -- mostly lower - paying jobs, but some higher - paying ones, too.

This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A.I., as well as for the companies that adopt it. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?

Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A.I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross - field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high - paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promising are lower - paying jobs involving the “people skills” that A.I. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen -- professions requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?

The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that A. I. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.

Other volunteer jobs may be higher - paying and professional, such as compassionate medial service providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.

1. In what aspect is the

A．I. revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer revolution? A. The A.I. revolution will finally become one beyond human’s control.

B．A. I. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.

C．Higher - paying jobs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the A.I. revolution.

D．It may bring about mass unemployment to matter how much employees are paid.

2. The underlined word “promising” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.

A．promotional	B．demanding
C．guaranteed	D．potential

3. What does the author suggest in the face of the A.I. revolution?

A．It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.

B．People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.

C．The problem of job loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.

D．Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.

4. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?

A．The A.I. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities.

B．Challenges the A. I. Revolution Brings to Job Market.

C．A Double - edged Sword: the A.I. Revolution.

D．Interrelationship between A.I. and Unemployment.

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

The Benefits of a Summer Job

Have you ever had a summer job? For many young people, summer is an exciting period where education stops and fun begins.     1     And the very group who have the time to benefit from the fun summer has to offer may not have the funds to do so. The solution? A summer job.

The concept of students and younger members of society being gainfully employed over the summer period is not a new one. And there are opportunities out there for those who want to earn.     2     In many cases, the jobs only pay minimum wages, which may only help you out. But the money is not the only thing that’s gained.

    3     Indeed, when talking about their experiences of summer jobs, people said they got “invaluable training” and learnt skills such as punctuality, tolerance, and the importance of hard work. These opportunities are thought to be so important that the UK government has placed 20,000 summer job vacancies on its Find a Job website.

    4     The percentage of young people working while studying has more than halved since 1997, falling from 42% to 18% in 2014. Those are the findings of a UK government report on the death of the Saturday job. Ester McVey believes this is because young people are choosing to focus more on education rather than earning extra money.

A．Summer and Saturday jobs prepare young people for successful careers in later life, teaching vital soft skills.

B．Students take summer jobs mainly to cover their tuition and this practice is highly appreciated by their parents.

C．That said, holidays, festivals and time spent with friends cost money.

D．This move comes at a time of apparent need.

E．Soft skills are so essential to students’ future career that they have to take summer jobs to acquire them.

F．Vacancies can range from roles as boring as fry cook, to seasonal work at a theme park.

9 . Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a crash course in time management. If you’re not careful, the word “crash” could become more than figurative.

We all know that we’ll have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else.     1     There are a few tricks, though, that can help.

    2    . Even if you are the boss on your second job——you’re working for yourself——you have an obligation to keep that work separate from you day job. Focus on what’s in front of you. There’s actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When you’re on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you should be working on. If Company A is paying for this time, you should be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out.

Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on, either. Making sure that you have any contact information available no matter whether you’re   at   Job     A,     Job     B     or     home     can     take     some     extra     effort,     but     it’s     worth it.     3    

I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that’s the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employer’s permission, the best advice is to just keep things quiet. Give preference to the employer who is paying you for this specific chunk of time.

Some companies don’t want you to work anywhere else. They want you to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits —— such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.

    4    . Because it can be very hard to figure out your boss’s attitude, the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldn’t talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, I’d be entirely truthful.

A．Priority should definitely be given to your day job.

B．The same goes for your notes and other paperwork.

C．It’s up to you to find a system and stick with it.

D．Sometimes it is no easy task to make decisions between Job A and Job B.

E．Keep firm dividers between your different jobs.

F．Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label which variety they are.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

Seeking feedback not always sufficient for stimulating creativity

It is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues, managers, friends and family enhances employees' creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect depends on the work environment. This is the conclusion of new joint research study led by UvA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.

    1    For example, managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether their business model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results. A definite assumption is that individuals who have obtained feedback will also actually (be able to) use it.

“The idea is simple: seeking feedback from different sources - also known as feedback source variety -- benefits one's creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpoints”, says Sijbom. “And the more diverse the viewpoints, the more it benefits one's creativity because by combining all the different viewpoints new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity.     2     ”

The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance.     3     One is the recognized rate of change of performance standards. The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time to develop creative ideas at work (experienced creative time pressure). “We discovered a growing relationship between the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity, but only when performance standards within an organization are changing and when a relatively low creative time pressure is experienced”, says Sijbom.

Sijbom offers several recommendations: “    4    In a more concrete sense, organizations can, for example, consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work. In addition, managers should not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sources within and outside the organization, but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships.”

A．They thus focused on two elements that are typical for contemporary work environments.

B．The researchers used online questionnaires to obtain data.

C．The notion that obtaining external feedback about one's ideas is essential for increasing creativity is deeply rooted in society.

D．The most important is that when an organization stimulates feedback seeking, it needs to ensure that the work environment is excellent enough to use the benefits of feedback.

E．The question, however, is whether these beneficial effects always occur.

F．The creative achievements were assessed by their direct managers.