2 .

Who we need

We are looking for talented and passionate people to work for health. WHO is committed to achieving workforce variety, aiming to achieve a broad representation of nationals of our member countries. Particular attention is paid to candidates from developing countries and gender balance. Selection of staff is made on a competitive basis. All posts are filled in accordance with WHOs ability model.

There are two key categories of staff at WHO：professionals(P) or directors(D) who are internationally recruited(招募) and general(G) or national professional(NPO) staff who are recruited locally for both fixed or short-term positions. We also run internship(实习) and opportunities for junior professional officers(JPOs).

Internationally recruited(Por D) Professional staff and directors are hired internationally and occupy leadership functions or positions that require a significant level of technical expertise. P or D staff are mobile and are expected to work across the globe.	Locally recruited(G or NPO) General Service staff are hired locally at the respective duty station. Their main role is to work with and support internationally recruited staff in their roles and to assure the smooth functioning of all administrative matters. National Professional Officers are nationals of the country in which they serve and perform functions of a professional nature requiring local knowledge, professional knowledge and experience.	Internships We offer internships for current students with educational background in public health, management or administration fields.
Junior professional officer programme The Junior Professional Officer(JPO) Programme provides young professionals at an early stage in their career with practical experience in international technical co-operation. JPOs are sponsored by their respective governments.	Recruitment restrictions Please note the following restrictions on recruitment： Relatives of WHO Staff: Except where another equally well qualified person cannot be recruited, appointment shall not be granted to a person who bears any of the following relationships to a staff member: father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister. Candidates under the age of 20 and above the age of 62 will not be considered for any vacancy. Policy on Non-Recruitment of Smokers: WHO has a smoke-free environment and does not recruit smokers or other tobacco users who do not indicate a willingness to stop smoking. This policy underscores the Organization’s commitment to promoting a tobacco-free environment.

1. The above webpage aims at ________.

A．recruiting volunteers for WHO	B．achieving a broad representation of nationals
C．explaining the functions of WHO	D．providing information about WHO positions

2. What kind of applicants will definitely be turned down according to the restrictions?

A．Males in their later 60s.	B．People who have health problems.
C．Children of WHO staff.	D．Candidates with a smoking history.

3. What can be learned from the webpage?

A．General Service staff are recruited all around the world.

B．Junior Professional Officers work for local governments.

C．Current students majoring in engineering can apply for internships.

D．Professionals and directors are an internationally mobile workforce.

3 . Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities.     1    

Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate.     2    

People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”).     3     People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.

Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. Having followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year, they have found that one of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. This result may lead to practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.

    4     It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.

A．Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role.

B．To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.

C．When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future.

D．So it is of great importance to study volunteer behaviors and how to organize volunteer activities.

E．To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.

F．These results also suggest that continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.

4 . Welcome to Fresh Start February! This week Mayor Muriel Bowser announced that I would transition to the private sector. Today, my last official day as the Director of the Mayor's Office of Community Affairs. After serving 6 years in the Executive Office of Mayor Muriel Bowser and 2 of those years as Director, of the Mayor's Office of Community Affairs, I am very excited and look forward to starting this next phase in my career.

I am humbled and grateful to Mayor Bowser for trusting in me to be a leader in her administration and to serve as the primary liaison between you-the members of the community, and 13 community affairs offices to foster relationships across all 8 Wards. What can I say, other than it has been an amazing journey and I am grateful!

This journey has been the very foundation of our work in partnership and collaboration between District of Columbia residents and the Executive Office of the Mayor. We have established partnerships with communities, conducted and coordinated several events, town halls, forums, and projects in support of carrying forward mayoral initiatives at the community level.

We have built stronger ties between the Mayor and community organizations civic groups, and Advisory Neighborhood Commissions (ANCs) while attending to the intersectional needs of the community.

Also, thank you to the 90+ MOCA staff members that have helped me up to provide support to our office directors and District residents throughout the years. Interacting with you all and having the opportunity to work with such dedicared individuals is something I have and will never take for granted. I have often been inspired by the creativity and innovation that they bring to the respective offices. Our work has left a lasting impression on my life.

Again, thank you to our first female two-term Mayor, Muriel Bowser for her leadership and for allowing me to be a part of this great work! I want to thank you for your support throughout this journey, and I am excited about the great work that will continue to go forward. I leave with fond memories of my 8 years total in the John A. Wilson Building.

2 years in the office or Councilmember Anita Bonds and with memories that I will forever cherish. I also know that MOCA is well-positioned to go to the NEXT LEVEL! It has been one of my greatest privileges to serve with you. Until we meet again.

1. А_______________ is a person whose job is to make sure there is a good relationship between two groups or organizations.

A．mayor

B．resident

C．director

D．liaison

2. How many years altogether has the author worked in MOCA?

A．2

B．6.

C．8.

D．10.

3. Who is the author of the speech most likely to address?

A．Muriel Bowser.	B．The private sector.
C．Local residents.	D．MOCA staff members.

5 . All I had to do for the two dollars was clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer—things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings.

I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn't heated by fire.

Part of my pride in working for her was earning money I could squander (浪费)：on movies, candy, paddleballs, jacks, ice-cream cones. But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things—an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, nuisances to be corrected, problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide—and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adultlike, not childlike.

In those days, the forties, children were not just loved or liked; they were needed. They could earn money; they could care for children younger than themselves; they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands（差事）, and much more. I suspect that children aren't needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on, protected, and helped. Fine, and yet...

Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house—good enough to be given more to do, much more. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I fell carrying the bookcases. And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly. I wanted to refuse, or at least to complain, but I was afraid she would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the standing I had at home—although both were slowly being eroded. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few. Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs. So I learned to say "No, thank you" to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week⁵s pay.

Still, I had trouble summoning （鼓起）the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few whines about the job. I gave him details, examples of what troubled me, yet although he listened intently, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. No "Oh, you poor little thing. " Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, ⁴⁴Listen. You don't live there. You live here. With your people. Go to work. Get your money. And come on home. ”

That was what he said. This was what I heard:

Whatever the work is, do it well—not for the boss but for yourself.

You make the job; it doesn't make you.

Your real life is with us, your family.

You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.

I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and morons, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I've had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home.

1. What is the "pleasure" of the author from the sentence "The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. （paragraph 3） " ?

A．She was proud as she could earn money for her mother.

B．Her own value of being needed.

C．She is distinctive from those children in folktales.

D．She enjoyed a status of being an adult in her family.

2. According to the article, which of the following is true about children in the 1940s and now?

A．Children become needed, loved and liked when they are at forty.

B．Children in modern times are less likely to be spoiled by parents.

C．Children in 1940s are capable as they can handle various daily routine.

D．Children in modern times aren' t needed to do daily works any more.

3. What did the author's father make her understand?

A．Don't escape from difficulties at work.

B．Whatever decision she made, her father would support her.

C．Convey her dissatisfaction with her work.

D．Make a distinction between work and life.

4. Which of the following corresponds to the author's views in the passage?

A．Don't regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself.

B．Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life.

C．Parents are the best teachers of children.

D．Job security is less valuable when compared with family.

6 . MEGHAN YOUNG is a professional Instagram star. She gets paid to climb beautiful mountains, photograph their glittering (闪闪发光的) summits and post about her adventures to her fans.

Young graduated from Seattle University’s school of Law in 2015. But she decided she didn’t want to become a lawyer. Her parents were shocked by the decision. “They were worried about what I was going to do,” Young says. “How was I going to find career stability?”

But her legal skills haven’t gone to waste. Once companies express an interest in working with her, there’s the tough task of negotiating the terms (条款) of the deal. And the work is still unfinished even after she’s done take the photos. When Young returns from her adventures, she carefully edits the images and writes captions to go along with them. Once the posts are public, businesses sometimes don’t pay on time. That's when she needs to follow up. Her least favorite problem is when she discovers that a company has used her photos in a way that violates the terms of the contract.That usually leads to time-consuming email exchanges.

Social media influencing is not as effortless as it seems. The stress it creates even has its own name: creator burnout (精疲力竭) . Young used to obsessively check her post’s performance, which she says will “drive you crazy”, so she stopped. But if she doesn’t reply, people will stop commenting.Without that engagement on her posts, brands won’t want to keep paying her. Therefore, she had to accept the fact that she’ll be tethered (拴住) to her phone as long as she’s in this line of work.

Beyond the day-to- day headaches of a career online, social media’s inherent (固有的) uncertainly also poses problems for creators. There are times when Young is staring at the calendar without another project in the works. In the long term, it can be risky to focus a career on a single platform, or even on social media itself.

Yet Young says it’s all been worth it, because the sponsorship allow her to spend much of her life in the mountains. Her ideal day starts with unzipping her tent at dawn so she can take pictures of the sunrise reflecting on snowy summits around her. Few jobs in the world would allow her to do that so consistently (一贯地) .

1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The main work involved in being an Instagram influencer.

B．The difficulties that every Instagram star will meet.

C．How to deal with dishonest companies.

D．How Meghan Young’s legal skills help her work.

2. According to the article, all of the following are problems with being a social media influencer EXCEPT__________.

A．there are a lot of tough tasks when dealing with sponsors.

B．the work of photo-taking and image-editing is difficult to handle.

C．it is stressful to check one’s phone and to interact with fans all the time.

D．the income is unstable and the career prospects are uncertain.

3. According to the article, what is Meghan Young’s attitude toward her career as a full-time influencer?

A．Bored.	B．Worried.
C．Satisfied	D．Confident.

4. According to the article, which of the following statements is true?

A．Meghan Young’s decision to be a full-time influencer was supported by her parents.

B．It happens frequently that Meghan Young doesn’t get paid on time.

C．It is impossible for Instagram influencers to put down their phones.

D．In order to increase their influence, creators have to keep a good relationship with fans.

7 . Have you ever heard of Big Data or are you familiar with Data Scientists and Data Engineers? They are probably new job titles, but the core job roles have been around for a while. Traditionally, anyone who analyzed data would be called a “data analyst” and anyone who created backend platforms to support data analysis would be a “Business intelligence (BI) Developer”.     1    

Here’s an overview of the roles of the Data Analyst, BI Developer, Data Scientist and Data Engineer.

Data Analysts are experienced data professionals in their organization who can question and process data, provide reports, summarize and visualize data. They have a strong understanding of how to influence existing tools and methods to solve a problem.     2    . However, they are not expected to deal with analyzing big data, nor are they typically expected to have the mathematical or research background to develop new algorithms for specific problems.

Skills: Data Analysts need to have a baseline understanding of some core skills: statistics, data munging, data visualization, exploratory data analysis, Tools: Microsoft Excel, SPSS, SPSS Modeler, SAS, SAS Miner, SQL, Microsoft Access, Tableau, SSAS.

    3    . And then they collect requirements, design, and build BI and reporting solutions for the company. They have to design, develop and support new and existing data warehouses, ETL packages, dashboards and analytical reports.

Additionally, they work with databases, both relational and multidimensional, and should have great SQL development skills to integrate data from different resources. They use all of these skills to meet the enterprise-wide self-service needs. BI Developers are typically not expected to perform data analyses.

Data Engineers are the data professionals who prepare the “big data” infrastructure to be analyzed by Data Scientists.     4    . Then, they write complex queries on that, make sure it is easily accessible, works smoothly, and their goal is optimizing（优化）the performance of their company’s big data ecosystem.

They might also run some ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) on top of big datasets and create big data warehouses that can be used for reporting or analysis by data scientists.

A．In this case, the curious Data Scientist is expected to explore the data, come up with the right questions, and provide interesting findings!

B．Business intelligence Developers are data experts that interact more closely with internal stakeholders to understand the reporting needs.

C．With the emergence of big data, new roles began popping up in corporations and research centers -- namely, Data Scientists and Data Engineers.

D．This is why it is essential to know computer science fundamentals and programming, including experience with languages and database (big/small) technologies.

E．And they also help people from across the company understand specific questions with ad-hocreports and charts.

F．They are software engineers who design, build, integrate data from various resources, and manage big data.

8 . When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuse, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kinds of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.

As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.

The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn Ferry, senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”

Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana when the business became part of PepsiCo (PEP) a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willemstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.

Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”

1. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being _______.

A．arrogant.

B．frank.

C．self-centered.

D．impulsive.

2. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be encouraged by _______.

A．their expectation of better financial status	B．their need to reflect on their private life
C．their strained relations with the boards	D．their pursuit of new career goals

3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.

A．top performers used to cling to their posts

B．loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated

C．top performers care more about reputations

D．it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．CEOs; Where to Go?	B．CEOs: All the Way Up?
C．Top Managers Jump without a Net	D．The Only Way Out for Top Performers

9 . Much discussed and rarely achieved in full, work-life balance is an elusive prize in modern professional culture. While it can depend greatly on the priorities and values of an individual and their manager, some jobs provide strong opportunities for those looking to combine a fulfilling career with a thriving personal life.

“Work-life balance is not a situation anymore where you’re at work and then you’re at home, it’s more this balancing between the two,” said Lauren Griffin, senior vice president of Adecco Staffing U.S.

Topping the list of jobs that provide strong work-life balance is data scientist. According to IBM, “A data scientist represents an evolution from the business or data analyst role.” IBM notes that while the formal training in computer science and applications, modeling, statistics, analytics and math for these jobs is similar, “What sets the data scientist apart is strong business acumen, coupled with the ability to communicate findings to both business and IT leaders in a way that can influence how an organization approaches a business challenge.”

Stan Ahalt, director of the Renaissance Computing Institute at UNC Chapel Hill, said that the strong demand for data scientists, coupled with the anemic supply of these professionals currently available in talent pipelines, is likely creating a situation where companies will go above and beyond to attract the right talent.

“The demand for people who are able to analyze massive amounts of data and extract actionable decisions has really blossomed,” said Ahalt. “The people who are being hired are being highly sought-after, so I suspect they’re getting relatively good offers, and offers that include flexibility in their hours and locations simply because there are many more jobs than there are people.”

The list is also diverse and representative of a broad spectrum of occupations, with part-time and seasonal jobs like lifeguard and substitute teacher holding spots, as well as corporate jobs and skilled trades.

And for job-seekers or those planning a career change who want to prioritize work-life balance in their next role, Griffin said the most important step is identifying your greatest personal commitment so you can target a job that’s accommodating by nature, or an employer that will work with you to reach a solution.

“You need to define what’s non-negotiable for you,” said Griffin. “What’s that specific thing that you know you need some balance for, is it dropping your kids off, or taking your mother to a doctor’s appointment twice a month? What are those key points for you? Because then you can have a more open conversation with your employer.”

1. A job of work-life balance is suitable for those ____.

A．who gain a prize in professional culture

B．whose managers care about their priorities and values

C．who expect satisfaction from both career and personal life

D．who prefer to work anytime and anywhere at their wills

2. "These jobs" in the third paragraph indicate jobs ____.

A．in the list which provide strong life-work balance

B．of the data scientists, the business analyst and the data analyst

C．that require strong business sense and communication skills

D．that influence new business challenge of an organization

3. Data scientists are people who ____.

A．are professionals likely to create a new situation in talent pipelines

B．can analyze massive amounts of data and extra actionable decisions

C．have relatively good offers including flexibility in their hours and locations

D．are more demanded than part-time lifeguards and substitute teachers

4. For job-seekers who want to highlight work life balance, they ____.

A．must be very committed to the targeted job personally

B．have to support employers decisions without negotiation

C．should first decide what the balance is needed for

D．should drop kids off on time and take care of mothers

10 . Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?”     1    .

There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time     2    . He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad （少年） offered to take his place.     3    .

This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. If the lad had gone home to ponder （考虑） his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well. Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差）.When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying.     4    . And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.

A．It is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself.

B．People find jobs in an infinite number of ways.

C．it’s almost impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapers.

D．Take for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.

E．But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company’s faults.

F．He spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had always loved.