1 . In the workplace, there are many different cultures that coexist — including the company culture, the local culture of the business and the national or regional cultures of employees.
The culture of the workplace starts with the company’s vision, mission and core values and helps the leadership team manage the employees. It affects all major operations, including recruiting and onboarding employees, providing employees with compensation (赔偿金) and benefits and rewarding employees for good behavior. It also informs the way an organization trains and develops its staff, how it promotes employees and any workplace traditions it follows.
The work environment is deeply affected by the culture of the organization. For example, if one of the main elements of the workplace culture is teamwork, employees will know how important it is to help one another. They will be less competitive with each other, and will instead focus on succeeding together. Such a cultural characteristic can enable teams to be highly productive and motivated.
Local culture affects the way people behave in the workplace. For example, if it is a custom in local culture to spend a lot of time enjoying the natural landscape, then many employees will place importance on that activity as well. This may mean that employees spend their evenings and weekends hiking in the woods or swimming at the beach.
Employers can use elements of local culture to connect with and motivate their employees. Using this example of cultural behavior, the workplace can offer outdoor recreational passes as prizes for hitting business targets. In addition, having company functions outside at the beach or at a local park can further engage and inspire employees.
In today’s global economy, it’s common for workplaces to be made up of people from different national and regional cultures. Being culturally sensitive and aware helps employees to communicate effectively with their teammates and work toward shared goals. It’s important for employers to take cultural diversity into account when establishing their workplace policies. Teach employees how to be culturally sensitive to their colleagues and customers who have different cultural backgrounds. This can be done through cultural sensitivity training, and by learning about fellow workers. Consider creating a cross-cultural etiquette PDF and documenting how different cultures behave with regard to specific aspects of work. National and regional cultures can affect the way people communicate with one another, the holidays they celebrate and their relationship to time.
1. Which one does good workplace culture NOT contribute to?A.The rise of level of performance in the workplace. |
B.The promotion of workplace traditions. |
C.The building of teamwork. |
D.The more competitive working environment. |
A.It matches employees’ hobby. |
B.It is a way for the employees to get close to nature to relax themselves. |
C.It is a cultural behavior used to effectively motivate the employees. |
D.It is a custom to follow. |
A.By giving business training. |
B.By cultivating cultural awareness. |
C.By reading a cross-cultural custom PDF instead of paper. |
D.By changing the holidays its employees celebrate and their relationship to time. |
A.Local culture. | B.Nature and outdoor activities. |
C.Cultural behavior in the workplace. | D.Cultural diversity. |
2 . Developing better relationships with neighbours
Good neighbours are a lot like electricity or running water: we don’t know how much we depend on them until we don’t have them. They make our lives more pleasant and give us a sense of who we are, both as an individual and as a member of the community. Here’s how to develop your relationships with these very important people in your life.
Strike up a conversation. Often neighbours don’t even know each other’s names.
Reach out to the newcomers. These days, the old Welcome Wagon is a thing of the past. But your new neighbours may be feeling lonely and unsure, especially if they’re far from home, and might appreciate a friendly face bearing fresh-baked chocolate cakes.
Avoid causing inconveniences. Return anything that you borrow from a neighbour, such as tools, in good repair and as soon as you’ve finished with them. Replace anything that belongs to your neighbour that you, your children, or your pets break or soil. Make sure that your car is not blocking his doorway.
A.Be a good listener. |
B.If you value your friendships with your neighbours, spend time with them. |
C.But it’s okay to be the one to break the ice, even if you’ve lived next door for years. |
D.Care about the details. |
E.Recommend the best places to eat and sleep. |
F.Such random acts of consideration will have your neighbours talking. |
Have you ever heard the old saying,“Never judge a book by its cover? This is
Other people may fool you into overestimating their intelligence by
The only way
4 . Lying to friends and family members may seem like a way to lose their trust.
To study how these two types of lies affect relationships within social groups, researchers created a hypothetical (假定的) mathematical model. The model showed that individuals who tell anti-social lies become isolated (孤立的) within their social networks sometimes.
While the researchers created a hypothetical model, it could be used to understand how lying affects groups of friends in the real world.
A.Do white lies serve a social function? |
B.And real-world lies can take many forms. |
C.What exactly are the “right” reasons for lying? |
D.But new research suggests this may not always be the case. |
E.This type of lie weakens the friendships between two people. |
F.However, individuals who tell white lies don’t have such feeling. |
G.It could also help scientists understand the influence of lying in online communities. |
5 . We’re directly affected by our environment. When the rising temperature or the bitter cold is the first thing on your mind, it might be hard to discuss anything else. However, as a matter of fact, you needn’t have worried so much about this.
1.
Talking about shared interests is the easiest way to make a connection with someone-and more personal talking about the weather. When you start a conversation with someone, try searching for pieces of information that you can connect to.
2. Don’t ask someone what they do.
When speaking with someone for the first time, work is always one of our topics. But wanting to know what someone does for a living may kill our conversations.
3. Enjoy the silence.
No one likes a long stop-but most silent moments between topics aren’t as long as you think they are.
4. Look at your conversation as a learning experience.
Different people have different thoughts, ideas and feelings. Ask someone about a topic they’ re familiar with that you know nothing about. Every time you meet someone new — or even speak with someone you know — it’s an opportunity to learn something.
A.Search for common interests. |
B.Keep your introduction simple. |
C.Small talk may not be pleasant. |
D.In fact, a little quiet can be a good thing. |
E.It’ll benefit you more than you may realize. |
F.Making small talk is an art that can be mastered. |
G.It may send the signal that the most important part about us is our job. |
6 . Apologizing for a mistake might seem difficult, but it will help you repair and improve your relationships with others after that offense (冒犯).
Acknowledge the offense. This is an essential element of a good apology.
Express regret.
Tell them how you’ll change. Let them know how you’ll change and what you’d do to make that possible. For instance, if you’ve been late once again, instead of just apologizing, share how you’d keep an early alarm to be on time!
A.Provide a proper explanation. |
B.Express your intention clearly. |
C.But many apologies don’t do this enough. |
D.When you hurt someone, it’s natural to feel shame or regret. |
E.A true apology is one where you promise it won’t be repeated again. |
F.This might show that you aren’t taking full ownership for what happened. |
G.This will enable you to know what means the most to the offended person. |
7 . Researchers set up an experiment in which 5-year-olds were tested with their fellows under different circumstances of transparency (透明) and different audiences. They set up a sticker machine that in some settings was transparent, and other settings in which only the giver of stickers knew how many stickers he could give. They had children give out stickers in both settings. The results were striking: children were consistently generous only when the receiver and audience of the stickers were fully aware of the donation options. Children were notably ungenerous when the receiver of stickers couldn’t see the options.
The researchers said, “Children only showed consistently pro-social behavior in our study in the condition when they could see the receiver and their allocations (分配物) were fully visible; in all other conditions, children were statistically ungenerous, giving the receiver the smaller amount of stickers.”
They made the conclusions that at a very early age, children are learning how to position themselves socially. Well before they apprehend the sociology of their networks and what social reputation really means, they think strategically about giving as a function of how they can gain a reputation with a peer as a generous citizen or pro-social agent when the receiver observes them.
Children change their behavior in response to having an audience. Help children give to others in full view, delivering meals to families, and in private, dropping off treats or surprises for those who need support without signing their names. Also, children should be reminded that thank-you notes are lovely but unnecessary to receive. When we give gifts or lend help to others, try to help children remember why—to provide something for another. It really doesn’t have to be recognized. When a thank-you card doesn’t come, it doesn’t make a gift any less valuable or meaningful for those who were lucky enough to receive.
1. What did the researchers discover?A.The givers’ behavior greatly inspired the receivers to help in return. |
B.The children gave out an equal number of stickers in both settings. |
C.The presence of an audience affected children’s decisions to give. |
D.Donating helped children to become more generous in the future. |
A.Observing the givers. | B.Donating more stickers. |
C.Gaining a reputation. | D.Receiving more allocations. |
A.Share. | B.Predict. | C.Confirm. | D.Understand. |
A.To suggest recognizing others’ kindness. | B.To acknowledge the giver’s contribution. |
C.To confirm the benefits of being grateful. | D.To advise inspiring generosity in children. |
8 . Having a good sense of humor makes you more enjoyable to be around.
●Surround Yourself with Humor
You learn more effectively when you fully expose yourself to a subject. Similarly, you can improve your sense of humor by surrounding yourself with humor. Watch stand-up comedians. Listen to programs that amuse you.Read humorous books.
●Learn What Amuses You
●Think About Timing and Audience
You don’t have to be funny all the time, so don’t expect that of yourself. When you catch yourself trying to be funny, slow down. Simply speak slower so you’re not as likely to stop and repeat yourself. Try speaking at 60-70 % of your usual rate.
●
You don’t need to seize every single opportunity to be funny. If you’re in the middle of a bad joke, just end it. “You know what, now that I’m telling it, it’s not as funny as it sounded in my head,” can be a bit of an awkward end and hurt your pride a little bit, but it saves everyone time and patience. In the long run, they’ll respect your taste.
A.Be Creative, Not Silly |
B.Pause in between sentences |
C.There’s a lot of fun out there |
D.You might also do better at work |
E.Know When to Pull the Plug on Yourself |
F.You can also try your hand in the real world |
G.A lot of times, we say things purely to please others |
9 . Do you have a best friend at work? A person once said, “Relationships
We hear a lot about this and it’s true. We spend more time with our co-workers than our families. Getting along well with workmates is the
Gallup, our employee engagement survey provider, has been asking us to
I’ve worked with a lot of people over my career. The most
I’ve been through a lot with many people I would
Good relationships and a sense of
A.grow | B.matter | C.increase | D.last |
A.schedules | B.worries | C.errors | D.details |
A.believe | B.remember | C.miss | D.understand |
A.key | B.clue | C.response | D.attitude |
A.determine | B.observe | C.reflect | D.rate |
A.connection | B.interest | C.gap | D.trend |
A.effective | B.memorable | C.qualified | D.professional |
A.classmates | B.teams | C.committees | D.families |
A.mixing | B.competing | C.arguing | D.chatting |
A.comes across | B.sticks to | C.lies in | D.takes up |
A.consider | B.replace | C.attract | D.acquire |
A.tasks | B.challenges | C.pressure | D.progress |
A.humor | B.direction | C.belonging | D.pride |
A.Finally | B.Luckily | C.Hopefully | D.Particularly |
A.city | B.campus | C.stage | D.workplace |
10 . Your math teacher wears clothes made in 1985 and always mispronounces your name. Your English teacher loves to start classes with quick quizzes. It can be hard to think of these givers of grades as real people. But they eat pizza, watch movies and enjoy sports on weekends, just like you. So how can you get along well with your teachers?
You can do a lot of things to develop a good relationship with your teacher. First, do the obvious things: Show up in class on time with all tasks completed. Stay focused, be respectful and ask questions. Second, show an interest in the subject. Obviously, your teachers are really interested in their subjects, or they wouldn’t have decided to teach them! Show the teacher that you care about the subject—even if you’re not a math talent or fluent in French—and send the message that you are a hard-working student.
You can also schedule a private meeting in a teacher’s free time. Use this time to get extra help, ask questions, ask for information about a career (职业) in the subject or talk about your progress in class. You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is a bit more relaxed when only facing you than when teaching in front of the whole class.
What if you just don’t like the teacher? When it comes to working with teachers, one’s characteristics can come into play just as they can in any other relationships. People just naturally get along better with some people than with others; it’s impossible to like everyone all the time. Learning to work with people you don’t like is a good interpersonal (人际的) skill to have in life, no matter what your goals are.
Teachers are there for more than just homework; they know about more than their subject matters. They can help you learn how to behave as an adult and lifelong learner. Undoubtedly, there will be a few teachers along the way who you’ll always remember—and who might change your life forever.
1. How can students develop a good relationship with their teachers?A.By learning as many subjects as possible. |
B.By respecting other students in class. |
C.By finishing their homework on time. |
D.By developing personal interests. |
A.Your characteristics. |
B.Your interpersonal skills. |
C.Your career goals. |
D.Your grades in exams. |
A.Teachers can help you grow up. |
B.Teachers are all lifelong learners. |
C.Teachers should set enough homework. |
D.Teachers tend to change you completely. |