1 . A 74-year-old man is pounding(沉重地走)the pavement in the hope of finding a kidney for his sick wife. Wayne Winters began walking along the streets near his home in Farr West, Utah early this month with a sandwich board containing an unusual request. “Need Kidney for Wife, "the sign reads. Winters' phone number and his wife Deanne's blood type are also included.

Deanne has severe kidney failure and is in need of a transplant. Desperate to do something to help his sick wife, Winters walks along the streets armed with a new suitnew shoes, and his sign with a piea(恳请)for a kidney. Though he doesn' t walk fast. Winters' unusual method of tracking down a kidney for Deanne has attracted plenty of attention. In addition to the motorists and passers-by who have seen Winters out walking miles a day, his request for a kidney has now hit the In ternet and attracted the attention of millions more people.

Winters said he was inspired to pound the pavement on behalf of his wife after seeing a story online about another man who did the same thing and got national attention. Rush hour is his favorite time to walk up and down the streets because drivers are slowed down.

Though he hasn't had any success yet, Winters remains confident he will find a kidney for

Deanne, and says he won’t rest until he makes it. Winters has stated even after a match for Deanne is found, he will continue to raise awareness about kidney donation because it is now his Mlife mission". In fact, the back of his current sign includes a message aimed at helping others in need. It read," 1,000 kidneys are needed in Utah and Idaho. "

The National Kidney Foundation reports the average wait for an individual s first kidney transplant is over three and a half years, and can vary depending on health, compatibility（兼 容性）and availability of organs. The organization also notes over 3,000 new patients are added to the kidney waiting list each month, and 13 people die each day while waiting for a life-saving kidney transplant.

1. Why is the old man walking along the streets?

A．To help his sick wife.	B．To do some exercise.
C．To look for something he has lost.	D．To appreciate the sights of the city.

2. What encouraged Winters to think of walking along the streets?

A．Others' advice.	B．A moving movie.
C．A story online.	D．His devotion to his wife.

3. According to Para . 4, how can we describe Winters?

A．Optimistic and kind.	B．Patient and generous.
C．Passive and stubborn.	D．Positive and successful.

4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．A kidney transplant is a life-saving operation.

B．Getting a suitable kidney for a patient is not easy.

C．New patients that are added to the kidney waiting list.

D．The success of a kidney transplant depends on several factors.

2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

In many organizations, perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team. Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages.

First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge, expertise and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues. Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong.

Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed (引起) by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”, to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team's overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working alone.

3 . Chinese culture values family bonds very much. Family members don't just gather during the holidays .In fact they often live under one roof all year round.     1    . Families in the East and West are very different from each other.

In most East Asian cultures, extended families are common.     2     According to the

Atlantic, 90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that "a grandparent is a treasure to their family".

In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families （小家庭）. These are solely made up of children and their parents.

Additionally, the duties parents have toward their children can also differ.    3    .

It's normal for parents to pay for their children's college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also follow their parents' opinions when making major life decisions, more often than not.

In most Western countries, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18.

    4    . Also, if they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen by some as a failure on their part.

While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy and independence.     5    . Families will always be a source of love, warmth, and care for people around the world.

A．These families have three or even four generations living together

B．Nuclear families are the most common type in China.

C．In China, many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood.

D．Different cultures have different family values.

E．But in the end, home is best 一 east or west.

F．Many young people going to college often need to take out loans and work part-time jobs in order to pay for tuition and rent.

G．Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.

4 . Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.

Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?

Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self­image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).

Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other present, someone else will have surely already called for help.

Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.

Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.

1. Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.

A．empathy for another individual	B．instant benefits of helping others
C．parental influences in the early life	D．the desire to better one's self­image

2. What does the underlined word “distress” in the fourth paragraph mean?

A．peace	B．despair
C．comfort	D．trouble

3. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect?

A．When hearing an injured lady crying for help, the neighbors didn't take action.

B．Seeing an old man slipping on the icy road, many people volunteered to help.

C．A woman was to give birth on the train and you were the only doctor there.

D．On the scene of your colleague's traffic accident, you called the police for help

4. After the last paragraph, the most possible topic could be ________.

A．possible benefits of prosocial behavior

B．various reasons for prosocial behavior

C．situational influences on prosocial behavior

D．skills and knowledge to provide assistance

5 . How to Use Social Media Positively

Nowadays so common is social media in our society that almost everyone is connected to some form of it. We are in a fast-paced, technologically evolving(进化) society and we are addicted to social media.    1    

So how does one ensure a positive online reputation? It’s simple:

Keep it clean. Party photos with alcohol are an absolute no-no. Would you want to have your boss see these photos?    2     Make sure to post contents that you feel positively reflect you, your creativity and your skills.

    3     You have a private account so you can post anything you want? This is decidedly not the case. Privacy settings make it harder to see your full account, but it’s not impossible. Under no circumstance should you rely on privacy settings as a way to protect inappropriate contents.

Ensure you’re careful and professional. Keep it classy (优等的)! Discover your brand, or what you want people to think of you. Proper spelling and grammar is always a plus, but it may not be your brand.    4     In this way, you can earn approval.

Follow these simple rules and you’re on your way to building, or restoring an online reputation. Using social media positively doesn’t mean you can’t have fun and use it to express yourself; however, you want to ensure that you’re OK with anyone seeing everything you post.    5    So your post can get your friends active and happy.

Like it or not, your social networks reflect you—make sure you look like the shining star that you truly are.

A．Try to do everything as well as you can.

B．In fact, we long for social media and need it.

C．Social media is very fast to use but very difficult.

D．Don’t trust privacy settings at all.

E．Be entirely sure about what you’re posting.

F．Once you click post, there’s no looking back.

G．Make sure your post is written personally.

6 . Politeness is the practical application of good manners, the goal of which is to make all of the parties relaxed and comfortable. It's a flexible management of words and actions, by which we make other people have a better opinion of us and themselves. It seeks to build a positive relationship.     1    .

However, in the rush of daily life being polite is social behavior that we find rare nowadays.     2    . They don’t even take the time to look around. This has led to the loss of simple social rules some might take for granted and that are particularly powerful.

    3    , people become less and less attentive to others’ feelings, for human interaction (互动) is almost lost. Take for instance the rudeness we tolerate when a person is looking at his phone when talking to us.

Being polite is not just a simple social elegance.     4    . These days “Please” and “Thank You” are forgotten. And not many people are aware that these two simple words can easily open or close any door to us. Unfortunately, they often forget to say these words.

Hope is not lost. There are many ways we can improve our behavior to achieve skills in politeness. There are simple things we can do to be considered as a polite and well-mannered person.    5    , they will respect you back. Just make a change in our behavior to start. Use simple words like “Excuse me”, “Please”, and “Thank you” every day. Be kind to receive kindness. Care and politeness will get you far in all aspects of life.

A．As technology progresses

B．People have become more self-absorbed

C．As long as you show your politeness for people

D．Since for many people being polite remains a challenge

E．Many languages have specific means to show politeness

F．It aims to respect a person’s need to be liked and understood

G．It’s also about being kind, caring and respectful to another person

7 . One-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat. Her mum Leigh-Anne said the drama began during a visit to her grandma’s house when her grandparents gave her older kids some sweets.

“Then at about 4:45 pm, Tallulah started to choke—we all went into a panic.”

“It seemed like it went on for ages. Not one of us knew what to do.”

“I rang an ambulance while my grandma and granddad tried to get the sweet to come up.”

“Tallulah was panicking at first but then she started to go purple—she almost had no oxygen left in her.”

With her daughter limp (无力的) and time running out, Leigh—Anne knew she couldn’t afford to wait for the ambulance to arrive.

“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.

“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”

At exactly the moment, Caitlin, who is studying public services at Redcar College, was passing by Queen Street. She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”

The 17-year-old girl added, “Something just clicked and I went into auto mode. The little girl was completely limp, so I checked her airways and tilted (使倾斜) her over and started hitting her back. I turned her round and tapped on her chest, then after what felt like forever she coughed up the sweet and spat it out.

As soon as she started crying I felt a huge relief. I was just so pleased I was able to help.”

Caitlin was taught her lifesaving skills when she joined the Army Cadets four years ago.

1. When did Tallulah get choked?

A．While eating sweets.	B．While enjoying a drama.
C．While having a meal.	D．While taking some medicine.

2. Why did the family go out into the street?

A．To buy some needed tools.	B．To search for timely help.
C．To get a breath of fresh air.	D．To wait for the ambulance to arrive.

3. Which of the following can best describe Caitlin?

A．Brave and selfless.	B．Kind and energetic.
C．Determined and generous.	D．Quick-thinking and helpful.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．First aid skill sounds important.	B．Screaming for help makes sense.
C．Eating sweets endangers baby girl.	D．Heroic teenager saves baby girl’s life.

8 . 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 （1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last fall, Florida State football player, Travis Rudolph, made headlines. When he visited a middle school, he didn't hesitate    1    (eat) lunch with Bo Paske, who often eats alone in his school cafeteria. Bo Paske is a young boy with autism-a mental condition in    2       a person is unable to communicate or form relationships       3     others.

Soon Rudolph's action       4    (pay) off, and he was just signed to the National Football League by the New York Giants though he had not been selected by any team before. Now Rudolph and Paske still keep in touch and    5    (develop)a heartwarming friendship so far. Paske and his mother were even invited to a large party    6    (hold) by Rudolph in West Palm Beach to celebrate the Giants' signing announcement.

"We' re all     7    (extreme) happy for him, "Bo's mother, Leah Paske, told NBC's Today. "We spent the whole Saturday hanging out with everyone to wait for the     8    (encourage) moment. And when we finally got     9    news that evening that he had been signed, we were there for the     10    (celebrate) as well. When he made sure that he was going to the Giants, he was completely excited. "

9 . Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?

Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach?     1     Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.

Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.

    2     Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.

Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better.     3     However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.

    4     We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.

Being human, perfection is impossible.     5       Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.

A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize?

B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.

C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself?

D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.

E．There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.

F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.

G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.

10 . In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh (法老) treated the message runner like a prince if he brought good news.     1    , if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring, his head was cut off. Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches in     2    (prepare) for an outing. As we walked     3    (cheerful) out of the door, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, a bad day for a picnic for it’s going to rain.” I     4    (strike) him in the face in my mind not for his stupid weather report     5     for his smile.

More often than not, what makes someone angry is not the unpleasant news but the unsympathetic attitude with     6     it’s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, but big winners know they should share the feeling of the receiver when     7    (deliver) any bad news. If my neighbor     8    (tell) me of the upcoming rainstorm with     9    (sympathetic), I would have appreciated his warning. Big winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸) person is sure     10    (have).