1 . Neudy Rojop, 29, looks across the rough, rocky road in the small rural village of San Rafael Pacaya. It leads to the home where she grew up and where she still lives today.
When Rojop was about 10, her cousin, Carlos, was very sick. Without any local clinics (诊所), Rojop’s family couldn’t even figure out what the disease was. They could do nothing but wait. Growing up, she noticed how frequently many of those around her were getting sick. As a teenager, she started to realize her community needed better chance to health care. So she determined to go to a nursing school.
But her vision was beyond being a nurse. After graduation, she realized one person was not enough to make the community better. “The people here may have common diseases,” she thought. “Some are known. But there may be new diseases that we don’t know about.” She wanted to do something to keep any illness from being a threat in the first place. She wanted to train people and do some research to monitor these illnesses and try to provide early actions, or try out new ways to prevent some of them.
Over the next few years, she and a small team brought her vision to life. They provided measures that could limit the possible risks. Olson, one of her colleagues, recalled, “She has zero clinical experience and zero research experience at first, but now she is a superstar here. Her working place is usually busy with about 300 patients per month.”
Now Rojop starts her days with a morning meeting, making decisions, solving problems and setting priorities with her teammates. “In the past, I was so young that I could do nothing for my community,” she says. “But now I can help because I know how.”
1. What inspired Rojop to go to a nursing school?| A．A future well-paid job. |
| B．Her poor family background. |
| C．The need of community health care. |
| D．Her childhood experiences of being sick. |
| A．Building more local hospitals. |
| B．Acting as a professional nurse. |
| C．Preventing diseases through early actions. |
| D．Providing better education for the school kids. |
| A．Rojop has been accepted widely. |
| B．Rojop lacks working experience. |
| C．Rojop enjoys being brought into focus. |
| D．Rojop hasn’t satisfied public expectations. |
| A．Frank. | B．Flexible. | C．Determined. | D．Generous. |
2 . 17-year-old Dasia Taylor was named one of 40 finalists in the Regeneron Science Talent Search (STS), the nation’s most famous Science and math competition for high school seniors.
Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infection. pH is one of the most common parts of wound healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, so it’s one of the fastest ways to recognize infection.
So, she started experimenting with root vegetables. “I found that beet changed color at the perfect pH point,” says Taylor. “That’s perfect for an infected wound. And so, I was like, ‘Oh, okay. So beet is where it’s at’.” Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. After more than a year of research, Taylor is working on getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in developing countries where they can save lives and money. “The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections,” she said. “I was like there is no way that that should be happening. The equity part of my brain and all the work that I do around equity was like ‘That shouldn’t be happening. They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So, my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.” After graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.
1. How can a patient quickly know if a wound is infected?| A．By observing the pH test paper. |
| B．Through the doctors’ examination. |
| C．By looking at sutures’ color changing. |
| D．By observing how the wound changes. |
| A．Beet has the same pH level. | B．Beet can change color at different times. |
| C．Beet therapy is good for wound healing. | D．Beet can be used to help her with the invention. |
| A．She has won the invention patent. |
| B．She became the winner of the Regeneron STS. |
| C．She made contributions to surgical infection recognition. |
| D．She helped save lots of lives and money in developing countries. |
| A．Medical and health work. | B．Medical device development. |
| C．Something about the legal aid. | D．Medical and science research. |
3 . Gene therapy (基因治疗) is a revolutionary new technique for treating people with health problems. Up until very recently, the most commonly available methods for treating patients were either through drugs or operations. Gene therapy provides a third option for treatment by transforming or replacing cells with new genetic materials and instructions. Scientists can be very precise in the kinds of changes they make in patients.
Gene therapy works by using a delivery system, such as a virus, to enter a patient's body. Once inside the body, the virus combines with a host cell and delivers the new DNA. The proteins then begin to repair the affected cells. New techniques have focused on removing cells from the patients and transforming them outside the body before reintroducing them to the patients.
The two types of gene therapy are called somatic and germline. Somatic therapy refers to changing or replacing a body cell. In this case, the treatment is restricted to the patient only. This will not affect the patient's future children because the patient's germ (生殖) cells are unaffected. In germline therapy, the patient germ cells are treated, which may affect the patient's future generation.This is highly controversial (有争议的) because it is not clear exactly how this might affect them and further generations. For this reason, many countries have passed laws that prohibit this kind of treatment.
Despite the promise of gene therapy, there are still many barriers that need to be overcome before it comes into widespread use. One of the issues is that the use of viruses to deliver DNA may actually cause unexpected problems in patients if the virus grows and attacks the body. Another problem is the nature of many diseases is very complex and spread throughout multiple genes. The use of gene therapy to change a single gene in the body would probably not be sufficient as a cure. Finally, the costs of gene therapy are high. Some gene therapy procedures may cost over$1 million to undertake and require specialized doctors and equipment.
1. What does the underlined word ''them'' in paragraph 2 refer to?| A．Techniques. | B．Cells. | C．Patients. | D．Proteins. |
| A．Gene therapy has been put into practice widely. |
| B．The cells of patients are developed in healthy people. |
| C．Viruses entering the body can mix with host cells and form new DNA. |
| D．Both somatic and germline therapy have side effects on later generations. |
| A．The disadvantages of gene therapy. |
| B．The promising future of gene therapy. |
| C．The high costs of treatment procedures. |
| D．The issues related to viruses and complex genes. |
| A．Why Gene Therapy Procedures Are Extremely Expensive |
| B．Gene Therapy: A Dangerous New After-operation Treatment |
| C．Gene Therapy: A Contemporary Progressive Treating Method |
| D．Scientists Are Accurate in Performing the Categories of Surgery |
Traditional Chinese Medicine is one of the great herbal systems of the world, which
5 . Heart disease is one of the major killers in the world today. Many who suffer from it must have heart transplants (移植). However, it’s difficult to get a suitable heart donation, and even if a patient survives the wait, his or her body often rejects (排斥) the heart.
But there is now new hope for sufferers of heart disease. According to a study published in the journal Advanced Science, researchers from Israel’s Tel Aviv University printed a 3D human heart on April 15.
“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart,” professor Tal Dvir told CNN.
Unlike the previous 3D-printed heart structure, the new heart is complete with cells, blood vessels (血管), chambers (心室) and other structures a heart needs to function normally. But scientists still have more to figure out before the 3D-printed heart can be fitted into the body. For one thing, the experimental heart is only the size of a thumb (拇指). And, although it can contract (收缩) like a muscle, it cannot pump out blood like a real one. At present, the heart prototype (样品) is like a tiny airplane that has all of the right parts, but can’t fly.
However, the development is still regarded as a major breakthrough in medicine.
In the experiment, the researchers turned human fat tissue (脂肪组织) into human heart tissue with stem cell (干细胞) technology. The tissue was then turned into “bio-ink” for a 3D printer to ensure that tissue in the heart came from the patients themselves. So ideally, if it were to be placed in the body of someone in need of a transplant, there would be less risk of organ rejection.
“Patients will no longer have to wait for transplants or take medications to prevent their rejection,” researchers told USA Today. “Instead, the needed heart will be printed, fully personalized (个性化的) for every patient.”
But the scientists think that 3D printing can be used to create other human organs. They foresee a time when the 3D printing of organs will be an everyday medical practice.
“Maybe, in 10 years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world and these procedures will be conducted routinely,” Dvir said.
1. Why is the 3D-printed heart important?| A．It will be used on a patient. |
| B．It is the first 3D-printed heart. |
| C．It will replace a heart donation. |
| D．It has a complete heart structure. |
| A．They cost too much. | B．They are too small. |
| C．They can’t contract. | D．They are hard to produce. |
| A．It would be made with stem cell technology. |
| B．It would be made from human fat tissue. |
| C．It would come from a patient’s body. |
| D．It would be printed according to the patient’s condition. |
| A．Confident. | B．Doubtful. |
| C．Worried. | D．Confused. |
6 . Bethany Simpson, a pupil at St Columb Major Academy, bravely stepped in when her stepfather Robert Hoskins stopped breathing on March15. She delivered CPR(心肺复苏法) before the ambulance arrived.
Bethany's mother Jane and Robert were watching TV in bed when both of them had fallen asleep, but Jane woke up and noticed Robert's breathing had become weak and hard. Jane quickly called 999 and followed the operator's advice, including moving him onto his side to make him more comfortable.But when Robert stopped breathing completely and the operator told her to give CPR, Jane completely froze.
“ I panicked(恐慌) and said“I can' t do it',” said Jane.“ Fortunately, Bethany heard me scream, came into the bedroom and said ‘ it's OK, Mum. I know what to do. 'She was so confident and took charge.”Bethany performed CPR that kept Robert alive.
Robert, who is now recovering at home, said, “I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid. If it wasn't for them and Bethany, I wouldn't be here. ”The ten-year-old says she doesn't believe she is a hero. “I am just glad my dad is still here, ”she added.
Both Robert and Jane believe the government should ask all schools to teach first aid. “This incident just shows why it's important to teach everyone first aid -especially in schools, ”said Jane.“ Without my daughter and the training St John Ambulance gave her, Robert would be dead and I would be heartbroken. I am so proud of Bethany and so grateful.”
1. When the operator told Jane to give CPR, she____| A．followed the advice |
| B．called an ambulance |
| C．didn't know what to do |
| D．asked her daughter for help |
| A．had trouble performing CPR |
| B．hadn't learned CPR before the incident |
| C．was taught how to perform CPR by phone |
| D．had some knowledge of CPR before the incident |
| A．It is easy for one to master first aid |
| B．First aid is especially useful to kids |
| C．Everyone should be equipped with first-aid knowledge |
| D．Children should be taught first aid as early as possible |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One evening I went out with my friends Wang Yi for a meal in a country pub. We left at 9:30 and I was offered to take Wang Yi home. We were driving along when, suddenly, a car drove past us out of control. The car crashed and before that it burst into flames. We ran to the burning car quickly. When we get there, we saw three people trapping inside. They were screaming and we knew we had to get them in. It was extreme hot as we opened the doors, and we saved them successfully. It's nice feeling to know they have helped to save those people.
8 . A drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth. A global trial of the drug found it reduced the risk of bleeding deaths during childbirth by nearly one-third. The study involved 20,000 women in 21 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. The trial was carried out by London's School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The drug is called d tranexamic acid (氨甲环酸). It is low-cost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.
The drug is used to treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth, also known as postpartum hemorrhage (产后出血).It is the leading cause of mother’s death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
Haleema Shakur is the project director of the trial. She says despite medical advances in many countries, severe bleeding after childbirth remains a big problem in some parts of the world. “It's one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia. about 10 percent of women will end up with severe bleeding. " The drug works by stopping blood clots(血凝块) from breaking down after a mother gives birth. The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surgery to find the source of bleeding.
Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth, “The earlier you give it- so within the first three hours of giving birth—the better the effect is. ”
The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.
1. Tranexamic acid is a drug that________ .| A．should be used for every mother |
| B．helps mothers before giving birth |
| C．ensures most new-born babies’ health |
| D．can help mothers giving birth stop bleeding |
| A．To know how much the drug is. |
| B．To get permission to use the drug. |
| C．To let more people know the drug. |
| D．To make medical staff know how to use the drug. |
| A．The more mothers use the drug, the better its effect is. |
| B．African and Asian countries made great progress in medicine. |
| C．There is a long way to go before the drug can be used more widely. |
| D．Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of women’s death. |
| A．Care for the Health of Mothers |
| B．How Can We Use Tranexamic Acid Well? |
| C．Childbirth Drug Greatly Reduces Bleeding Deaths |
| D．What's the Biggest Killer of Mothers? |
