1 . Anyone who has felt a moment of joy when a favorite song comes on the radio at just the right moment or cried along with a singer expressing heartache will understand the emotional power of music. Now, a growing body of scientific evidence demonstrates that music can be
In a review of 400 research papers looking into the
One 2007 study from a team of Spanish researchers found that listening to music
Music can have a huge effect on helping sick
“When children are in the hospital, their worlds get much
The parents also become part of the therapeutic process. “What’s really lovely is when you go in and you start to make music, and the children invite their parents to join,” she says. “There is this beautiful
Finding those
A.research | B.medicine | C.emotion | D.stress |
A.effects | B.causes | C.factors | D.themes |
A.benefits | B.problems | C.influences | D.profits |
A.after | B.during | C.without | D.before |
A.operation | B.participation | C.recovery | D.therapy |
A.musicians | B.students | C.patients | D.researchers |
A.males | B.females | C.adults | D.children |
A.humor | B.duty | C.control | D.loss |
A.wider | B.smaller | C.freer | D.deeper |
A.speaking | B.singing | C.sticking | D.smiling |
A.conversation | B.distinction | C.cooperation | D.interaction |
A.step back | B.join in | C.turn away | D.hold on |
A.puzzling | B.meaningful | C.ridiculous | D.disappointing |
A.forget | B.refuse | C.change | D.access |
A.medical | B.digital | C.musical | D.practical |
2 . During the Second World War, Dr. William Walsh served on a U.S. Navy ship in the South Pacific. While serving there, Walsh observed the poor health conditions in which the people of the South Pacific lived.
After the war ended in 1945, Walsh founded an organization called Project Hope. Its goal was to bring health education and care to people in poor countries around the world. In 1958, Walsh convinced U.S. President Eisenhower to allow Project Hope to rent a U.S. Navy hospital ship for just one dollar a year. Many companies and ordinary people donated money to Project Hope. The organization used the funds to turn the navy ship into a civilian hospital ship called the SS Hope.
During the next 14 years, the SS Hope traveled to every region of the world. Wherever it went, it provided health care for needy people and helped poor countries establish their own health care systems. In 1974, the SS Hope was retired from service, and Project Hope began to provide health care on land instead.
The story of the SS Hope inspired Don and Deyon Stephens to buy a passenger ship in 1978 and transform it into another hospital ship. Since then, their organization, called Mercy Ships, has sent ships equipped with medical supplies and hospital beds around the world. Doctors volunteer to travel on these vessels or ships and perform free surgeries on people who need them. They can correct people’s vision, straighten bent limbs, remove facial tumors (肿块) and more. Mercy Ships also provides medical equipment for local health clinics and builds medical facilities. In addition, it teaches local people how to farm their land more effectively and more sustainably.
1. What happened to the SS Hope in 1974?A.It sank unexpectedly. |
B.It was fully repaired. |
C.It launched new services. |
D.It ceased operations. |
A.An entertainer in America. |
B.Two American accountants. |
C.An America’s top politician. |
D.Smart American investors. |
A.They put physicians and nurses at risk. |
B.They’re done at no charge to patients. |
C.They mainly benefit wealthy individuals. |
D.They’ve resulted in serious infections. |
A.Make a good living from tourism. |
B.Grow crops with greater success. |
C.Manufacture popular electronics. |
D.Establish education institutions. |
3 . Nobel Prize winner Tu Youyou helped by ancient Chinese remedy
Tu Youyou, in China, is being called the ”three noes“ winner: no medical degree, no doctorate (博士头衔), and she’s never worked overseas. However, it was she that was the first female Chinese scientist who had won the Nobel Prize. When it comes to her work, she is totally devoted.
In 1967, malaria (疟疾) spread by mosquitoes was killing Chinese soldiers fighting Americans in the jungles of northern Vietnam. A secret research unit was formed to find a cure for the illness and Tu was instructed to become the new head of Mission 523. She went to the southern Chinese island of Hainan to study how malaria threatened human health. For six months, she stayed there, leaving her four-year-old daughter at a local nursery. Her husband had been sent away to work at the countryside at the height of China’s Cultural Revolution, a time of extreme political disorder.
Despite much failure, finally, she with her team members found a brief reference to one substance, sweet wormwood (in Chinese Qinhao), which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 AD.
The team tested the drug but they didn’t succeed until Tu Youyou returned to the original ancient text. After another careful reading, she heated the extract without allowing it to reach boiling point.
Without any hesitation, Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human recipient of the new drug.“As the head of the research group, I had the responsibility,” she explained to the Chinese media. Tu Youyou is typically described in China as a “modest”woman. Her work was published anonymously (匿名地) in 1977, and for decades she received little recognition for her research.
In any case, Tu Youyou is consistently praised for her drive and passion. One former colleague says Ms Tu is “unsociable and quite straightforward”, adding that “if she disagrees with something, she will say it”.
Another colleague who has worked with Tu Youyou for more than 40 years, describes her as a “tough and stubborn woman”.
She is actually stubborn enough to spend decades piecing together ancient texts and apply them to modern scientific practices. The result has saved millions of lives.
1. The “three noes” in the first paragraph refers to the fact that __________.A.Tu Youyou has no noble family background |
B.Tu Youyou has no good interpersonal relationship |
C.Tu Youyou has no top recognition in science |
D.Tu Youyou has no overseas working experience |
A.She was instructed to be the head of Mission 523. |
B.She got the chance to study how malaria threatened human health. |
C.She had to leave her four-year-old daughter at a local nursery. |
D.She could go to work with her husband at the countryside. |
A.they had not read the ancient books carefully |
B.they had not followed Tu’s suggestions |
C.they had lacked sufficient economic support |
D.they had heated the extract to the boiling point |
A.To be warmhearted enough to help her colleagues at work |
B.To work hard whenever she come across any difficulty |
C.To be devoted to her career and full of passion |
D.To be stubborn enough to spend decades researching |
Call a Physical Therapist
You get up from the sofa and - ow! Back pain takes your breath away. Do you reach for the pain pills? No! Call a physical therapist instead!
More and more, physical therapy, or PT, is a common go-to for treating aches and pains. A physical therapist can treat almost any injury to give a patient a better quality of life. When it comes to treatment, one size does not fit all. A physical therapist personalizes a treatment plan based on their observations and the patient’s concerns. The goal is to help injured or ill people improve movement and manage pain, so they can live life to the fullest. These therapists work with patients who suffer from back or neck injuries. They help people recover from broken bones and surgeries as well as work- or sports-related injuries. Physical therapists also teach people how to stay in shape and prevent further injuries. Their hands-on (动手的) therapy includes strengthening or stretching exercises, ice or heat and more.
No one can become a physical therapist without getting a doctor of physical therapy degree. After completing it, a person must pass a professional license exam before beginning to practice. Further, being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because of the hands-on, personalized patient care required. A successful physical therapist needs to have great communication skills and an eye for detail. They should also be creative problem solvers as well as resourceful.
For those looking for a satisfying career, PT is one to consider. The demand for the profession is growing faster than that of many other careers. Private clinics and hospitals hire physical therapists. Sports facilities and professional sports teams also employ them. Therapists may work in skilled nursing facilities or visit patients in their own homes. If someone wants to see the world, they may want to become a travel physical therapist.
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5 . Acupuncture(针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the remedy for countless patients for thousands of years. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese used stone tools to
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to
Practices can
Looking beyond China, acupuncture has become a global
As an ancient Chinese medical
A.relieve | B.resume | C.release | D.rebel |
A.radically | B.gradually | C.reluctantly | D.randomly |
A.cultivated | B.evaluated | C.shaped | D.eliminated |
A.promote | B.reflect | C.alternate | D.perform |
A.occasional | B.philosophical | C.considerable | D.mechanical |
A.arise | B.heal | C.vary | D.survive |
A.taken over | B.ended up | C.figured out | D.carried out |
A.or | B.and | C.while | D.with |
A.block | B.generate | C.motivate | D.channel |
A.terrify | B.stimulate | C.reserve | D.restore |
A.willingness | B.instinct | C.potential | D.nutrient |
A.liberty | B.therapy | C.curiosity | D.wonderland |
A.proportion | B.alternative | C.procedure | D.affection |
A.illustrating | B.predicting | C.featuring | D.nominating |
A.assessment | B.occupation | C.practice | D.obedience |
6 . Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, who together identified a slight chemical change to messenger RNA,were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine this year.
Dr. Karikó, the 13th woman to win the prize, had come to the United States from Hungary two decades earlier when her research program there ran out of money. She was preoccupied by mRNA, which provides instructions to cells to make proteins. Defying the decades old belief that mRNA was clinically unusable, she hold the view that it would stimulate medical innovations.
She and Dr. Weissman had their first chance meeting over a copy machine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1998. At the time, Dr. Weissman was desperate for new approaches to a vaccine (疫苗) against HLV, which bad long proved impossible to defend against. A physician who had tried and failed for years to develop a treatment for AIDS, he wondered if he and Dr. Karikó could team up to make an HIV. vaccine.
For years, they were at a loss. Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive. Countless experiments failed. They wandered down one dead end after another, But eventually, the scientists discovered that cells protect their own mRNA with a specific chemical modification (修饰). So they tried making the same change to mRNA manufactured in the lab before vaccinating it into cells It worked.
At first, other scientists were largely uninterested in taking up that new approach to vaccination. But two biotech companies soon took notice: Moderna, in the United States, and BioNTech, in Germany. Then the coronavirus emerged. Almost instantly, Drs. Karikó and Weissman’s work came together with several factors of different research to put vaccine makers ahead of the game in developing shot.
Brian Ferguson, an immunologist at the University of Cambridge, said. “The work of Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in the years prior to 2020 prevented tens of millions of deaths and helped the world recover from the worst pandemic in a century. They richly deserve this recognition.”
1. The underlined word “defying” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “ ”.A.challenging | B.confirming | C.re-emphasizing | D.stating |
A.They teamed up for the treatment for AIDS in Hungary. |
B.They protected their mRNA with a chemical modification. |
C.They persevered until they made a change to lab-made mRNA. |
D.They manufactured mRNA in mice despite their countless failures. |
A.they took no notice of others’ ignorance |
B.they caught attention of two biotech companies |
C.their work helped avoid the loss of countless lives |
D.their work prevented the outbreak of the pandemic |
A.Chemical Changes Identified in the Pandemic |
B.Approaches Adopted to Defend Against HLV |
C.Nobel Prize Awarded to Covid Vaccine Pioneers |
D.mRNA Manufactured in a University Lab in USA |
A.In a bank. | B.In a hotel. | C.In a hospital. | D.In a university. |
A.Salesman and customer. | B.Boss and secretary. |
C.Doctor and patient. | D.Doctor and nurse. |
The world’s
Now 66 years old, professor Yacoub still retains his energy and extraordinary enthusiasm for his career. For 43 years, he has dealt with desperate patients whose combination of poor diet, inactive lifestyle and stress overload have caused them to ask for his help.
Professor Yacoub’s life is always hectic (狂热的).
For relaxation, professor Yacoub enjoys
10 . The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behavior are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behavior and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favor candidates with integrity and positive ethical behavior—if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behavior of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school’s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school’s examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
1. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?A.Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon. |
B.We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible. |
C.We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale. |
D.Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking. |
A.The medical profession is based on trust. |
B.There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine. |
C.The medical profession depends on the government. |
D.Cheating exists extensively in medical schools. |
A.Family, culture and society play an active part. |
B.Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating. |
C.Parents are always to blame for their children’s cheating behavior. |
D.Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV. |
A.Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity. |
B.Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society. |
C.Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values. |
D.There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behavior of their students. |
A.Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition. |
B.Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools. |
C.Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity. |
D.Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school. |