1 . These days, many gyms require clients to wear masks or face coverings. The good news: research suggests they don't actually hold up your performance.
Researchers at the University of Saskatchewan gathered a group of 7 men and 7 women, ranging from slightly inactive to excellent cyclists and tested the effects of wearing a three-layer cloth face mask, a surgical mask, and no mask on their exercise performance.
The study participants started with a brief warm-up on a fixed bike, then took a progressive intensity exercise test, during which it was vital for them to keep the same pedal rate while the resistance was continually increased until exhaustion (疲惫不堪). Something like the heart rate was recorded every 30 seconds.
The results suggested that wearing a mask had no effect on performance or muscle oxygen levels. Since there was no difference in time to exhaustion between conditions, the highest power reached at the end of each test was similar in mask and no-mask conditions for all participants, Professor Chilibeck explained. Researchers also did not see any effects of the masks during exercise on blood oxygen levels, which wouldn't decrease if breathing was not affected.
And while droplet (飞沫) spread was not measured, all masks used were tested in a previous study in which they were shown to effectively minimize droplet spread, according to Chilibeck. Though the participants represented a wide range of fitness levels, it's important to note that these tests were conducted on a very small sample size, and more research is needed on larger populations to draw sweeping conclusions about the general population.
1. How did the researchers draw the conclusion?A.By conducting an experiment. | B.By making brief analysis. |
C.By observing normal cyclists. | D.By doing medical tests. |
A.Your heart rate may keep stable. | B.You might produce less droplet. |
C.Your blood oxygen levels will drop. | D.You will feel more tired than before. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Favorable. | C.Disapproving. | D.Objective. |
A.Why Should We Train with Masks? |
B.Why Don't Masks Worsen Our Performance? |
C.Do Masks Affect Our Performance? |
D.Can We Train While Wearing Masks? |
2 . Readers’ Favorite Running Routes
Paul Ghent, Belgium
I love running in Ghent. It is completely flat, so encouraging for beginners and people aiming for personal bests. There is a rowing lake with a 5km track. This connects with a nature reserve on an 8km loop. If that isn’t enough, there is another nature reserve, full of birds and canals surrounded by a 10km loop. I will be running my first marathon in Ghent in March 2022. Anyone?
Jennifer Nice, France
In Nice Provence, I really enjoyed joining the local joggers running along what is one of the most beautiful streets in the world—the Promenade des Anglais. You have the fresh salty sea breezes filling your lungs, the sun shining on the waves of the sea, and the beautiful buildings standing along the running route. Feel free to grab some fresh shellfish and a glass of wine on the beach as a reward.
Lisa Offa, UK
The Offa’s Dyke path, which runs from Prestatyn to Chepstow, provides stunning scenery and is just perfect to focus on the run. The sections of the route I like the most include the slopes (坡地) of Moel Famau and the section from Llangollen to Bodfari, where there is an excellent pub (The Dinorben Arms) to refuel in comfort. Perfect.
Richard Protaras, Cyprus
My favorite route is in Protaras, Cyprus. There is a path that runs from Fig Tree bay to Polyxenia beach and you have wonderful views of the bays and beaches while running. The amazing clear seas and sandy beaches make it very pleasant. The best time to go is early morning when the sun isn’t blazing and the paths aren’t too busy with holidaymakers.
1. Which route best suits people who enjoy nature reserves?A.Nice, France. | B.Offa, UK. |
C.Ghent, Belgium. | D.Protaras, Cyprus. |
A.They have beautiful streets. | B.They have lovely sea views. |
C.They are famous for seafood. | D.They are fit for morning runners. |
A.In a science paper. | B.In a history novel. |
C.In a sports magazine. | D.In a geography textbook. |
1. 你最喜欢的运动;
2. 你喜欢这项运动的原因;
3. 你从这项运动中得到的益处。
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 信的开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Paul,
I am very glad that you can share with me about what your after-school life is like.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
4 . After moving into my mother’s home to look after her following an illness, I found myself thinking about my
I found my
After
I didn’t start walking four miles right away; I began
It wasn’t long before I began to notice the many
I lost
The advantages to my emotional health were also great. My spirits lifted with each passing day I could hardly
A.health | B.work | C.dream | D.plan |
A.failed | B.refused | C.needed | D.forgot |
A.live in | B.get out of | C.move into | D.keep away from |
A.purpose | B.hobby | C.job | D.answer |
A.eye | B.arm | C.hand | D.leg |
A.Hearing | B.reading | C.talking | D.writing |
A.advice | B.behavior | C.thought | D.activity |
A.quiet | B.safe | C.fit | D.busy |
A.quickly | B.suddenly | C.slowly | D.finally |
A.left | B.progressed | C.followed | D.ended |
A.time | B.size | C.age | D.speed |
A.changes | B.chances | C.problems | D.differences |
A.interest | B.touch | C.weight | D.heart |
A.held | B.built | C.given | D.brought |
A.increased | B.gone | C.returned | D.appeared |
A.stop | B.manage | C.promise | D.wait |
A.enjoy | B.avoid | C.regret | D.remember |
A.Caring | B.Working | C.Searching | D.Waiting |
A.lonely | B.proud | C.worried | D.lively |
A.required | B.forced | C.encouraged | D.allowed |
5 .
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场)in good condition.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements(代替物)for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces.
A.It will cost you a lot. |
B.This causes major environmental effects. |
C.There are many environment-friendly sports. |
D.Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. |
E.If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. |
F.There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. |
G.More and more people are concerned about environmental protection. |
1. How did the man react when he saw the woman dancing?
A.He was annoyed. | B.He was inspired. |
C.He was surprised. |
A.He likes to ride a bicycle. | B.He likes to play soccer. |
C.He likes to run. |
A.Study for a test. | B.Go to the gym together. |
C.Show each other their moves. |
7 . Are you wondering whether it’s worth going for a little jog? Don’t hesitate, and get your sports shoes on. A new study shows that proper running lowers the risk of death before the normal time.
In an analysis of 14 previous studies from the US and Denmark, the group of researchers from institutes in Australia and Finland concluded that increasing running participation would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. The studies involved 232,149 participants over time periods ranging from 5. 5 to 35 years.
On the whole, people running any distance were associated with a 27% lower risk of death from all causes than those who did not, the study shows. Running was also related with a 30% and 23% lower risk of death from cardiovascular(心血管的)disease and cancer, respectively.
Previous studies had concluded “inconsistent findings” about whether running could lower the risk of premature death, according to the researchers. Lead researcher Jim White, a professor at Victoria University in Melbourne, told CNN: “Our recent findings may encourage physically inactive individuals to take up running and those who already run to keep on doing it.”
He added that doctors may be encouraged by our findings to promote running as a part of “lifestyle medicine”. In their paper, which will be published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the researchers say health professionals are sometimes wary of promoting running because vigorous(剧烈的)use of it has been linked with sudden heart death.
Jim and his team deny this by noting that the benefit of running outweighs the risk. However, they did say advice should be given on a case-by-case basis, as running might not be appropriate for everyone. Although running has a clear health benefit, the researchers point out that higher “doses” of running may not reduce the risk of premature death further. According to the WHO’s guidelines, adults aged between 18 and 64 should take 150 minutes of gentle exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week.
1. What did the new study focus on?A.The benefit of jog. | B.People’s lifestyles. |
C.People’s living conditions. | D.The risk of jog. |
A.Doctors’ quicker treatment. |
B.People’s losing weight. |
C.People’s involvement in running. |
D.Researchers’ promotion of sport. |
A.Certain. | B.Tired. |
C.Cautious. | D.Confident. |
A.The risk of exercising vigorously. |
B.The reasons why people should keep running. |
C.The suggestions on running appropriately. |
D.The argument about whether running benefits people. |
8 . For the first time in 10 years, the United States government has changed its guidance on how much exercise people need to stay healthy and when they should start.
For children and teens
The new guidance states that the most important time for children to begin exercising is between the ages of 3 and 5.
Doctors say it is important to start young.They add that from birth to age 5, a child’s brain develops more than at any other time in life.
But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill(跑步机)or other exercise equipment.
For adults
For adults, the guidelines recommend exercising 150 minutes a week. That could be walking, gardening, dancing, etc.
A.Any kind of activity that gets people exercising will do. |
B.Aerobic activity works only if it lasts for at least 10 minutes. |
C.Simply giving a kid the time and space to play actively is enough. |
D.Children above 5 can have a relatively shorter time for daily exercise. |
E.Children in this age range require about three hours’ active activities daily. |
F.Attaining the health benefits from exercise may be harder than earlier thought. |
G.These developments have a 1asting effect on a child’s ability to succeed in life. |
9 . Roller coasters are fast and exciting. But passing a painful kidney (肾) stones is not. The process is painful and can take a long time. But American researchers have found that a roller coaster ride just might help those suffering from a kidney stone. They say such rides help patients pass the stones with a 70 percent success rate.
David Wartinger led the study. He found that where the person sits on the roller coaster can make a big difference. He said, “In the pilot study, sitting in the last car of the roller coaster showed about a 64 percent passage rate. Sitting in the first few cars only had a 16 percent success rate.”
It also mattered where the stones were located in the kidney. The researchers found that stones located in the upper part of the kidney model were passed 100 percent.
When it comes to passing kidney stones, not all roller coasters are equal. The researchers used 174 kidney stones of differing shapes, sizes and weights to see if each model worked on the same ride and on two other roller coasters. They found that Big Thunder Mountain was the only one that worked. The other two roller coasters both failed the test. Wartinger said the other rides were too fast and too violent. The movement forced the stones against the side of the kidney. He said that the ideal roller coaster is rough and quick with some twists and turns.
Wartinger thinks roller coaster rides could also be used as a preventative measure. He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing. “You need to heed the warnings before going on a roller coaster,” he said. “If you have a kidney stone, but are otherwise healthy and meet the requirements of the ride, patients should try it.”
He adds that it’s definitely a lower cost alternative to other treatments. And riding a roller coaster is definitely more fun!
1. According to the text, passing kidney stone is ______.A.fast | B.exciting |
C.interesting | D.painful |
A.Sitting in the first car of a roller coaster. |
B.Sitting in the middle car of a roller coaster. |
C.Sitting in big roller coasters with doctors’ care. |
D.Sitting in rough and fast roller coasters with twists and turns. |
A.Worried. | B.Negative. |
C.Supportive. | D.Skeptical. |
A.Some treatments of kidney stones |
B.Advantages of riding roller coasters |
C.Roller coasters can help pass kidney stones |
D.Kidney stones can be cured by riding roller coasters |
10 . It’s cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable. Going for a run seems like such a bad idea. But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.
According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill (跑步机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate (调节) its core temperature. Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures—and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.
Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day. The heat and humidity in the summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts you to your surroundings, making you feel alive.
Of course, the threat of smog in some built-up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise. Heart attacks, stroke, lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems. If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust (尾气), and go early in the morning, before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.
1. How does cold weather benefit runners, compared with warm weather?A.They can run more slowly. |
B.They can take in more calories. |
C.Their hearts can function harder. |
D.Their body temperature can get lower. |
A.It builds up their energy quickly. | B.It makes runners tired easily. |
C.It lessens runners’ stress. | D.It causes heart attack. |
A.Stop driving cars. | B.Do more exercise. |
C.Avoid outdoor exercise. | D.Run late in the morning. |
A.Refresh with a Winter Run | B.Take Outdoor Exercise in Summer |
C.Go to Run in a Park | D.Follow the Tips to Reduce Stress |