1 . For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.
For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.
Both high-intensity (高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode (一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”
Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.
1. How did the researchers reach their conclusion?A.By analyzing a mass of data. |
B.By conducting genetic research. |
C.By comparing various levels of activity. |
D.By tracking the subjects for many years. |
A.Physical activity betters medical treatment. |
B.Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it. |
C.Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same. |
D.Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment. |
A.Harmful. | B.Complex. |
C.Unusual. | D.Common. |
A.To discuss a disease. |
B.To introduce a method. |
C.To analyze a genetic risk. |
D.To explain a phenomenon. |
2 . Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater and greater distances. While it’s true that going farther and faster will improve your running skills, most coaches and trainers will advise some level of strength training as well. Focusing on your core (核心) is a common suggestion. A recent study seems to back this up. In the Journal of Biomechanics, researchers investigated a symptom that has long confused runners from beginners to experienced ones. A good number of runners, 14 percent to be exact, experience gradual lower back pain. The results of the new study seem to suggest that weak deep core muscles might be to blame. When these muscles aren’t strong enough, the study found, muscles on other areas of the body kick in to keep the runner up-right, eventually leading to back pain.
To understand the role that these muscles play, the researchers had eight volunteers with minimal running experience run along an indoor track. High-speed cameras and 3D motion detectors analyzed which muscles moved, and how much. Once they created a working computer model for each runner, the scientists imitated what would happen if certain deep muscles were weaker, or shut off completely. As it turns out, when a person can’t use their deep core muscles very well, their bodies still want (and need) to maintain a good running form, and uses surface muscles to do so.
What’s wrong with that? A muscle is a muscle, right? Not exactly. While the surface muscles are often targeted in workouts - they give you a six-pack (六块腹肌), after all - they are pretty useless when it comes to supporting your spine (脊柱). The deeper core muscles, which essentially lie beneath and can’t be seen from the outside, do all the heavy spinal lifting.
It’s important to note that even when you’ve made these muscles super strong, you won’t likely notice visible results. But they will probably help you run better and definitely help prevent potential back pain. Perhaps throwing a nice long plank (平板支撑) may work.
1. Why do most new runners want to run farther and faster?A.Because they think it can improve running skills. |
B.Because some coaches and trainers advise them to do so. |
C.Because a recent study proves it to be helpful. |
D.Because it’s a kind of useful strength training. |
A.14 percent of the runners have weak muscles. |
B.The muscles on other areas lead to back pain. |
C.Strong deep core muscles can prevent back pain. |
D.The beginning runners usually have weak core muscles. |
A.A working computer model can be created. |
B.Certain deep muscles become weaker. |
C.Surface muscles are the most important for running. |
D.Deep core muscles probably function first. |
A.Why are core muscles so important when running? |
B.surface muscles play a role. |
C.Train the six-pack. |
D.Build Super strong muscles. |
The Great North Run is one of the UK’S most popular sporting
First
Running road races can be
A.Snowboarding. | B.Snowkiting. | C.Climbing. |
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯
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6 . At the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, Halfway in the women’s slalom(障碍滑雪)race, 18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin took a commanding lead over the greatest women’s slalom skiers in the world. On her final run, she burst from the start house at a breakneck speed, snaking around the poles in crazy rhythm.
Skiing has always been a significant part of Mikaela’s life. Her mom raced and coached skiing and her dad ski raced all through college. The Shiffrins taught Mikaela and her brother, Taylor, to ski at a very young age. At the age of two and a half, Mikaela made her first ski run on plastic skis. From ages 8 to 11, she worked hard, practicing hundreds of training runs on small hills repeatedly to develop the correct techniques of slalom skiing.
When Mikaela was 11, she attended the Burke Mountain Academy, a Vermont boarding school for skiers. She took classes, studied, and practiced her skiing crazily. According to Kirk Dwyer, Burke Mountain Academy headmaster, “It was the degree of Mikaela’s effort to be the best that distinguished her from others. Her commitment to conditioning, having proper sleep, eating correctly, doing the drills, and watching video was unusual for an 11 to 13-year-old. Mikaela practiced more than anyone and believed in herself then and now.”
By the time she was 17, she had already won her first World Cup race.
Working hard is a full-time job for Mikaela. Even her off-season is work time. In the summer, when Mikaela is off the ski slopes and in the gym, her daily training consists of six to seven hours of weight lifting, swimming, and biking to improve her core strength and flexibility. She does all of this so that she can dash down slopes at speeds topping 50 miles per hour while cutting back and forth around gates with astonishing precision.
“If you have passion for your targets, whatever they are,” she says, “the sky is the limit. Give it your all!”
1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A.Mikaela came from a skiing family. |
B.Mikaela’s mother taught her to ski first. |
C.Mikaela trained harder than her brother. |
D.Mikaela’s father coached skiing in colleges. |
A.To stress Mikaela was a crazy teen. |
B.To show Mikaela’s distinct personality. |
C.To praise the good students in his school. |
D.To highlight Mikaela’s great devotion to training. |
A.Competent and wise. | B.Creative and determined. |
C.Aggressive and brave. | D.Committed and self-disciplined. |
A.Practice makes perfect. |
B.Not to advance is to go back. |
C.He who laughs last laughs best. |
D.Actions speak louder than words. |
7 . I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. I worried about my
Then I read an article that said
Finally, I stopped
A.face | B.weight | C.future | D.comfort |
A.because of | B.except for | C.instead of | D.in case of |
A.tall | B.brave | C.beautiful | D.fit |
A.source | B.idea | C.way | D.experience |
A.summary | B.fortune | C.difference | D.chance |
A.lose | B.change | C.survive | D.fit |
A.suffer | B.find | C.run | D.get |
A.taking in | B.cutting out | C.putting off | D.making up |
A.still | B.never | C.hardly | D.seldom |
A.throw | B.add | C.forget | D.buy |
A.thinking about | B.dreaming of | C.warning | D.comparing |
A.looking for | B.getting rid of | C.passing down | D.looking after |
A.maintained | B.liked | C.refused | D.realized |
A.anxious | B.curious | C.certain | D.positive |
A.wiser | B.slimmer | C.healthier | D.calmer |
Football is the most popular outdoor game all over the world. It is one of the oldest games and is played in many
Football helps improve concentration and creates team spirits,
The game can be used
There are different kinds of football rules known as “Football Codes”. However, the way that football is played is
9 . Sobhi from Egypt, who has worked as a bodybuilder for almost 60 years, often says that age is just a number. Whenever people ask him when he is going to retire, his only answer is “never”.
It is generally accepted that people grow less active and lose passion for life as they age. However Sobhi believes that age can never block ambitions if people still have strong wills.
Sobhi’s love for sports started when he joined his school gymnastics team. He once won the third place in Cairo’s Gymnastics Championship. In university, he started to pay more attention to bodybuilding, not only for a better shape, but also for a better health.
His body is so well-shaped that it even helped him appear in a famous film. Sobhi played a minor role of a muscleman in the film, which was filmed in Egypt and tells the story of an Ancient Roman soldier who was sent to Egypt by Julius Caesar to monitor one of his commanders.
As an 80-year-old man, Sobhi said training hard and having a good exercise schedule as well as a healthy diet are the real foundations of bodybuilding. He warned young people that taking bodybuilding supplements (补充剂) can lead to health risks. He recommended them to go for vitamins and other all-natural supplements that do not cause harm.
“Sobhi is 40 years older than me, but he does his exercises as if he is much younger than me,” Gabr, an athlete, said. He also said Sobhi is a great example for all athletes at the club, where Sobhi has been working out for the past 40 years. They are lucky to do sports with such a “hero” “We watch him working out in shock. We wish we could just be like him when we are at his age,” Gabr added.
1. What does the underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Production. | B.Encouragement |
C.Love. | D.Dislike. |
A.An advisor. | B.An actor. |
C.A teacher. | D.A fitness trainer. |
A.Train as hard as they can. | B.Exercise whenever they like. |
C.Pay more attention to body shape. | D.Take all-natural supplements. |
A.Admiration. | B.Indifference. |
C.Dissatisfaction. | D.Disagreement. |
10 . These days, many gyms require clients to wear masks or face coverings. The good news: research suggests they don't actually hold up your performance.
Researchers at the University of Saskatchewan gathered a group of 7 men and 7 women, ranging from slightly inactive to excellent cyclists and tested the effects of wearing a three-layer cloth face mask, a surgical mask, and no mask on their exercise performance.
The study participants started with a brief warm-up on a fixed bike, then took a progressive intensity exercise test, during which it was vital for them to keep the same pedal rate while the resistance was continually increased until exhaustion (疲惫不堪). Something like the heart rate was recorded every 30 seconds.
The results suggested that wearing a mask had no effect on performance or muscle oxygen levels. Since there was no difference in time to exhaustion between conditions, the highest power reached at the end of each test was similar in mask and no-mask conditions for all participants, Professor Chilibeck explained. Researchers also did not see any effects of the masks during exercise on blood oxygen levels, which wouldn't decrease if breathing was not affected.
And while droplet (飞沫) spread was not measured, all masks used were tested in a previous study in which they were shown to effectively minimize droplet spread, according to Chilibeck. Though the participants represented a wide range of fitness levels, it's important to note that these tests were conducted on a very small sample size, and more research is needed on larger populations to draw sweeping conclusions about the general population.
1. How did the researchers draw the conclusion?A.By conducting an experiment. | B.By making brief analysis. |
C.By observing normal cyclists. | D.By doing medical tests. |
A.Your heart rate may keep stable. | B.You might produce less droplet. |
C.Your blood oxygen levels will drop. | D.You will feel more tired than before. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Favorable. | C.Disapproving. | D.Objective. |
A.Why Should We Train with Masks? |
B.Why Don't Masks Worsen Our Performance? |
C.Do Masks Affect Our Performance? |
D.Can We Train While Wearing Masks? |