1 . Reasons why you should learn how to surf
It gives you an exciting experience.The feeling of riding the waves is one you can never describe until you have experienced it. While surfing, you’ll be in a peaceful state as you wait for the next big wave. It can be difficult to explain why, but the whole experience is indeed calm and exciting at the same time.
Surfing is a physically challenging sport that requires you to use your entire body, making it almost an extreme fitness activity. Every surfing session will certainly make you exercise your whole body. So, expect to have aching muscles after your first surfing session.
There is no denying the fact that healthy and fit people are confident with their bodies.
Learning a new skill with a group leads to a sense of accomplishment, and learning how to surf is no different. Although it’s natural to go surfing alone at times, no surfer has surfed without acquaintances (熟人), friends, or club mates. It’s a given for people who surf to share experiences with others, both locally and globally.
It gives you moments with nature.Like some other sports, surfing allows you to have time with nature.
A.These two qualities come hand in hand |
B.It allows you to grow your social circle |
C.Surfing also gives you a sense of freedom |
D.Don’t worry, though, as this feeling is entirely natural |
E.It has a rich and varied history and contemporary culture |
F.That will translate to how you handle your personal and professional life |
G.When people learn to surf, they become more connected with the natural environment |
2 . It’s no surprise that there’s a link between exercise and mental health. But scientists have now made it official: research has found a direct connection between movement and mood. Why does exercise hold so many benefits for our mental health?
When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine showed that treatment for depression can be much more effective when physical activity is added to the usual care.
Exercise helps build key connections between the networks within the brain, too.
A.It can improve overall cognitive performance |
B.They help your muscles and organs communicate |
C.The answer, studies say, lies in our brain chemistry |
D.Here are the suggestions that you are supposed to pay attention to |
E.It is amazing to consider how moving our bodies can affect our minds |
F.To get the biggest health boost, the key is to be engaged in sports you enjoy |
G.Participants found benefits after 12 weeks of exercising for 30 to 60 minutes a day |
3 . The rate of childhood obesity in the U.S. has tripled over the past 50 years. But what this trend means for children’s long-term health, and what to do about it (if anything), is not so clear.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive, family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans.
Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive, inaccessible to most children and hard to maintain — and the guidelines acknowledge these barriers. Few weight-loss drugs have been approved for older children, although many are used off-label.
Rather than fixating on numbers on a scale, the U.S. and countries with similar trends should focus on an underlying truth: we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play where they can move and run around, climb and jump, ride and skate.
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, children between ages six and 17 should get at least an hour of moderate to intense physical activity every day. Yet only 21 to 28 percent of U.S. kids meet this target, two government-sponsored surveys found. The nonprofit Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance evaluates physical activity in American children, and in 2022 the group gave the U.S. a grade of D–.
Why is it so hard to get kids moving? In addition to fewer opportunities at school, researchers cite increased screen time, changing norms around letting kids play outdoors unsupervised, and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home.
New York City, for example, had 2,067 public playgrounds as of 2019 — a “meager” amount for its large population, according to a report from the city comptroller — and inspectors found hazardous equipment at one quarter of them. In Los Angeles in 2015, only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park, according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust. Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces, despite often having a high population density.
Kids everywhere need more places to play: trails, skate parks and climbing walls, gardens and ball fields, bike paths and basketball courts. Vigorous public funding to build and keep up these areas is crucial, but other options such as shared-use agreements can make unused spaces available to the public.
A.Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight, but studies show clearly that it helps both physical and mental health. |
B.And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space, they often lack playgrounds, tracks and exercise facilities |
C.A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity. |
D.It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older. |
E.Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised. |
F.They have significant side effects for both kids and adults. |
4 . Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽) —chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins, the mice’s behavior didn’t seem to change. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runners’ high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药 方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can improve your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is to put on our running shoes.
1. What did scientists from German universities recently discover?A.Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression. |
B.The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids. |
C.Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running. |
D.The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood. |
A.To find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms. |
B.To see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high. |
C.To identify what is responsible for the runner’s high. |
D.To test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released. |
A.Effect. | B.Goal. | C.Opinion. | D.Question |
A.They can help ease depression symptoms. |
B.They are the best way to treat depression. |
C.They only work for those with serious depression. |
D.They can help people completely recover from depression. |
5 . Recent studies found that smiling at London bus drivers increases happiness. However, on the Number 24 bus to Hampstead Heath, Londoners are sceptical. “Bus drivers,” says. Liz Hands. a passenger. “are generally annoying me.”
It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history, of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology(流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London’s buses.
In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why. Various hypotheses(假设), such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Navvies, miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young.
At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the excess deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical ‘records of 31, 000 London transport workers. His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower possibility of disease than drivers, who sat down all day. Exercise was keeping people alive.
Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer. Morris’s work had consequences both big and small. Morris now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter and just running. “People thought I was bananas.” Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A.The former study made much difference. |
B.Running was regarded as harmful behavior. |
C.Smiling at drivers can cure passengers’ diseases. |
D.London passengers can understand bus drivers well. |
A.Interrupting. | B.Responding. | C.Worrying. | D.Delighting. |
A.By carrying out surveys among numerous workers. |
B.By observing the routines of drivers and conductors. |
C.By analyzing the medical records of transport workers. |
D.By interviewing doctors about their theories on heart disease. |
A.Londoners’ Views on Bus Drivers’ Happiness |
B.Smiling and Its Effects on London Bus Drivers |
C.The Evolution of London’s Transportation System |
D.The Revolutionary Impact of London’s Bus Studies |
6 . People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learning.
Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei aren’t lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. They are retained (保留), essentially waiting to be reactivated. If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, don’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity.
Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport.
A.The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”. |
B.Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way. |
C.This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting. |
D.That is to say, we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought. |
E.It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two. |
F.It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have. |
G.All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme. |
7 . The Upside to Being Outside
Research shows that being in nature makes people feel good, whether they’re roughing it in the wilderness for days or just hanging out at a local park for a while. One study was conducted in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Researchers found that most participants’ mood and well-being improved significantly when they spent time in urban parks, even though the average visit was only around half an hour.
How does nature boost people’s happiness? Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety, which benefits mental and physical health. Research shows our brains are more relaxed in natural settings.
To most people, it’s not news that nature can be calming. But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving.
What accounts for the connection with cognition and creativity? It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure to information overload. Everyday life involves a lot of multitasking. Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness.
Naturally, scientific studies don’t cover everything that’s great about the great outdoors.
A.One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip. |
B.According to many scientific studies, there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier, healthier, and more creative. |
C.What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting. |
D.Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees. |
E.When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen, it might be a good idea to switch it off. |
F.This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. |
G.So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. |
8 . Online training is one of the fastest growing parts of the fitness industry. If you’re considering joining the online fitness community, consider these benefits and drawbacks.
One of the most popular reasons for working out following an online video is that it offers ultimate convenience. No need to roll out of bed at 5 a. m. to attend that 6 a. m. boot camp class, which may end up being full when you arrive.
Online training also has broad offerings. When you head online, you have instructors from around the globe, all ready and willing to help you master your favorite moves.
All these are undoubtedly positive-online training provides fitness resources to general consumers wherever they are, without requiring access to a gym or fitness studio.
Very few online fitness programs enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer corrections based on your performance.
A.Another is the price. |
B.But it’s not without problems. |
C.The same goes for different types of exercise. |
D.However, online personal training isn’t for everyone. |
E.Instead, you can turn it on at home at your convenience. |
F.That being said, online workouts aren’t perfect when it comes to safety. |
G.This means you could perform exercises wrongly, or even unsafely, without knowing it. |
9 . Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fasted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings.
A.However, a fasted workout might not work for you. |
B.How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity. |
C.These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body. |
D.To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds. |
E.Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice. |
F.Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat. |
G.A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts. |
10 . Can Exercise Make You More Creative?
If you often exercise, there is a good chance you also tend to be more creative, according to a study of the links between physical activity and imagination. The study, which was published in Scientific Reports, finds that active people come up with more and better ideas during tests of their inventiveness than people who are relatively sedentary.
Science already offers plenty of evidence that physical activity influences how we think. Many studies on people and animals show that our brains change in response to physical activity, in part because during exercise we marinate(浸泡)our brains with extra blood, oxygen and nutrients. In rodent(啮齿动物)studies, animals that regularly exercise produce far more new brain cells than sedentary counterparts, even if they are elderly.
However, creativity is one of the most abstract of thinking skills, and its relationship with exercise has not been clear. Some past research had speculated that good moods might be the intermediary inking activity and creativity. According to that idea, moving makes people happier, and their good cheer in turn stimulates their creativity.
To learn more about how being active could possibly affect creativity in the first place, researchers at the University of Graz in Austria tracked the normal activities of a group of healthy adults.
Crosschecking the data, the scientists found that the most active of the volunteers proved to be also the most creative, especially if they often walked or exercised moderately. Active people also tended to be in high spirits, although their moods were highest if they engaged in vigorous activities, rather than moderate ones. However, the correlations between activity, creativity and moods were slight.
The study was associational, though, meaning that it looked at a brief moment in people’s lives. It did not involve a randomized experiment and cannot tell us how exercise and other activities might shape creativity, if not by raising moods, or show whether a brisk walk now helps us better finish a newspaper column or some other creative venture later. But the results do suggest that active imaginations start with active lives.
A.In other words, exercise does not directly affect creative thinking. |
B.They equipped these volunteers with activity trackers for five days. |
C.Through exercise, people tend to feel refreshed and focused on what they’re doing. |
D.Creativity is an innate ability, which can be brought out to its full potential with sufficient exercise. |
E.In people, too, exercise improves our moods and tends to sharpen our abilities to reason and remember. |
F.This suggested that it was not improved moods, but physical activity, that had a greater influence on creativity. |