1 . Rahul Aggarwal was in medical school when he got the surprising news that his mother-a fit woman in her 40s-had been diagnosed with type2 diabetes (糖尿病). “I always thought of diabetes as a disease of people at higher weights and with certain lifestyle practices.” he recalls, “but my mom was an Indian American woman with a healthy weight and good diet and exercise practices.”

Aggarwal, now a clinical fellow at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston began thinking about how diabetes seems to affect certain ethnic and racial groups. It quantified diabetes risk in minority groups to determine if current screening recommendations are correct and equal.

The current standard was released in 2021 by the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which issues evidence-based guidance on disease prevention. The recommendation is to test adults aged 35 to 70 for diabetes if they are overweight or obese, defined as having a body mass index (BMI)of 25 kg/m2 or more. Aggarwal and his cooperators looked at the lowest-risk individuals qualified to screen under that rubric(评价量规). The researchers were shocked to find that the rate was about double for Hispanics and even higher among Black and Asian Americans. They concluded that to detect diabetes equally across all these groups, you would need to test Asian Americans with a BMI of 20 and Black and Hispanic individuals with a BMI of just 18. 5-measures considered to be in the healthy range.

Ngo-Metzger, who was the USPSTFs scientific director from 2012 to 2019, notes that “most studies of diabetes were done in middle-aged white individuals,” She argues that they ‘should be revised. “The study found that you would miss so many Blacks, Hispanics and Asians when you use these guidelines. I think it’s a kind of harm.”

1. What can we learn about Aggarwa’s mother?

A．She seldom had exercise.

B．She was diagnosed with diabetes at an old age.

C．Her poor diet and overweight accounted for her disease.

D．Her disease probably had a connection with her race.

2. What’s Ngo-Metzger’s attitude towards the current screening standard?

A．Critical

B．Positive

C．Neutral

D．Indifferent

3. What is the text mainly about?

A．New findings about cure diabetes.

B．The causes of diabetes are complicated.

C．More and more people suffer from diabetes.

D．The current screening standards are not proper.

4. What might be talked about in the following passage?

A．Detecting diabetes early.

B．Diabetes prevention.

C．Revising the current screening standard.

D．New ways to cure diabetes in the future.

2 . Philosophy is a systematic and reflective thinking on life. In thinking, the thinker is usually ________by the surroundings in which he lives. This is true of an individual, as it is also true of ________

To the ancient Chinese their land was the world.There are two expressions in Chinese which can both be ________as the world: “all beneath the sky” and “all within the four seas.” To the people of a maritime (沿海的) country such as the Greeks it would be ________ that expressions like these could be synonymous.

The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different________ones as well. Since China is a ________country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth. ________, throughout Chinese history, social and economic thinking and policy have________ the employment and distribution of land.

In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a________between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).” “The root” refers to agriculture and “the branch” to________. The people who deal with the “branch” were the merchants. They were the________and lowest of the four traditional classes of society, the other three being scholars, farmers, and artisans. Scholars and farmers were________then in China. The scholars did not actually________ the land themselves, but since they were usually landlords, their fortunes were________with agriculture, and therefore their reaction to the universe and their________on life were essentially those of the farmer.

Philosophy gives us an ideal of life. Through studying philosophy, we know both this world and ourselves better.

1.

A．conditioned

B．equipped

C．powered

D．refreshed

2.

A．traveler

B．scholar

C．client

D．people

3.

A．displayed

B．confused

C．translated

D．symbolized

4.

A．discouraging

B．unconvincing

C．embarrassing

D．thrilling

5.

A．cultural

B．economic

C．historical

D．theoretical

6.

A．continental

B．dependent

C．federal

D．realistic

7.

A．Besides

B．Furthermore

C．Hence

D．Otherwise

8.

A．shrunk from

B．put pressure on

C．gone about

D．centered around

9.

A．connection

B．distinction

C．foundation

D．solution

10.

A．commerce

B．industry

C．occupation

D．tourism

11.

A．aimless

B．cautious

C．last

D．unemployed

12.

A．ambitious

B．dynamic

C．fortunate

D．honorable

13.

A．explore

B．cultivate

C．investigate

D．preserve

14.

A．caught up

B．kept up

C．tied up

D．put up

15.

A．assessment

B．impact

C．concern

D．outlook

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

All Moscow’s security concerns must be taken into account for settlement in Ukraine (乌克兰), Russian President Vladimir Putin said Monday during a telephone conversation with French President Emmanuel Macron.

Putin repeated that a settlement would only be possible on conditon     1     Russia’s security concerns were taken into account,     2     ( include ) “ Russia’s complete power over Crimea, ” as well as the country’s     3     ( commit ) to solving the tasks of Ukraine’s demilitarization and denazification, and the issue of Ukraine’s neutral status, the Kremlin said in a statement.

Putin said Russia is open to negotiation with Ukraine and expressed the hope that would lead to the desired result.

“ The French side     4     ( express ) its well-known views on Russia’s special military operation … and expressed hope for a quick settlement of the conflict     5     dialogue, ” the Kremlin said.

Putin said that Russia’s armed forces are not     6     ( strike ) civilian objects, and do not pose a threat to civilians.

“ Ukrainian nationalists,     7     have been using their civilian population ‘ as a human shield, ’ are a threat, ” Putin said.

According to the Elysee, Macron asked Russia to respect international law and     8     ( protection ) the civil population.

“ The French President reaffirmed the necessity to implement (执行；实施)     9     immediate ceasefire, ” the Elysee said.

Putin and Macron agreed to hold     10     ( far ) contacts.

4 . As dawn breaks at the edge of the Sahara, Ibrahim and his wife Miriam are packing up their home. They and other Tuareg _______ are moving to a new location. This routine is typical. Their life is one of _______.

There are nomadic (游牧的) people in Africa, Central Asia and above the Arctic Circle. Many _______ were once nomadic, but these days the numbers are _______. It is not known how many Tuareg there are, but _______ range from 1million to 1.5 million.

Most of Tuareg lead a nomadic lifestyle based on trade and livestock, _______ goats, sheep, cattle and camels. The men are sometimes called “Blue Men” because of their _______ blue clothing. The blue _______ protects their faces from the sun and sand. It also stains (染色) their skin and defines their unique _______.

The homes of the Tuareg are simple ________. They usually have a light wood frame and are ________ with animal skins or mats. This makes ________ easy to take the tent down and put it up. When a woman marries, her family ________ a tent for her.

Nowadays, customs and traditions are ________. More and more nomadic people are starting to farm, or moving to cities to work. But many Tuareg are still ________ their traditional way of life.

1.

A．agencies

B．families

C．specialists

D．relatives

2.

A．campaign

B．invasion

C．movement

D．passion

3.

A．carriages

B．creatures

C．shelters

D．cultures

4.

A．bigger

B．smaller

C．stronger

D．weaker

5.

A．estimates

B．discounts

C．capacities

D．responses

6.

A．raising

B．killing

C．delivering

D．removing

7.

A．dramatic

B．distinctive

C．apparent

D．historic

8.

A．parcel

B．skin

C．wool

D．cloth

9.

A．tone

B．zone

C．privilege

D．identity

10.

A．houses

B．tents

C．cottages

D．flats

11.

A．equipped

B．occupied

C．covered

D．armed

12.

A．them

B．what

C．that

D．it

13.

A．makes

B．rents

C．irons

D．sews

14.

A．refreshing

B．disappearing

C．changing

D．fading

15.

A．keeping to

B．adjusting to

C．showing off

D．allowing for

5 . I remember when Kamala Harris became Joe Biden's running mate. It seemed funny how many people pronounced her name incorrectly. On one occasion, a news host became upset when being corrected, and purposely called her Kumbaya.

I am no stranger to this issue as many of my students are from Asian and Middle Eastern countries, and sometimes their names are difficult for me to pronounce, even after asking them how to say it. Many students seem unwilling to correct me when I attempt to learn their names correctly. The other thing I’ve seen in growing numbers is students “adopting” an English name.

It's much more common than many think, for people to change their names in order to fit in.

This is especially the case when it comes to seeking jobs. Racial and cultural minorities often attempt to avoid discrimination hiring by hiding racial cues on the resume including changing their name. This is referred to as “resume whitening”. Research shows almost 50 percent of black and Asian job applicants did so.

Xian Zhao from the University of Toronto researches ethnic (种族的) name pronunciation, saying that many people don’t understand that habitually pronouncing an unfamiliar name inaccurately is a form of indirect discrimination. It sends a message that “you are the minorities” says Zhao. “You are not important in this environment, so why should I take time and my effort to learn it?”On the other end, those with ethnic names frequently don’t correct people, even when their name is pronounced wrong repeatedly, feeling it is better just to keep the peace and not stand out for being difficult.

It is important to try to pronounce everyone’s name as they pronounce it. This communicates respect of them as a person and their culture. There is nothing wrong with asking someone to repeat their name so that you can learn to pronounce it properly. This is usually appreciated.

1. When their names are incorrectly pronounced, the author’s Asian students

A．attempt to laugh at it	B．tend to accept it
C．offer to correct the author	D．agree to change their names

2. Which of the following can be seen as “resume whitening”?

A．An application for a better job.

B．A change in work environment.

C．A ban on racial discrimination in workplace.

D．A practice of using Western names in job seeking.

3. In his research, Xian Zhao finds that

A．ethnics accept their names being mispronounced to save trouble

B．ethnics fight effectively with the discrimination against their names

C．many westerners pronounce ethnic names incorrectly on purpose

D．many westerners make efforts to pronounce ethnic names correctly

4. What’s the author’s attitude toward pronouncing ethnic names correctly?

A．Critical.

B．Uncaring.

C．Reserved.

D．Supportive.

6 . The capital of a country is often a very populated city where much history has been made due to the high-level political and economic functions that occur there. However, sometimes government leaders decide to move the capital from one city to another. Capital relocation has been done hundreds of times throughout history. The ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Chinese changed their capital frequently.

Some countries choose new capitals that are more easily defended in a time of invasion (侵略) or war. Some new capitals are planned and built in previously undeveloped areas to promote development. Countries sometimes change their capital because they expect some type of political, social, or economic benefit. They hope and expect that the new capitals will surely develop into cultural treasure and hopefully make the country a more stable place.

Here are capital relocations that have occurred in approximately the last few centuries.

Asia	Japan	from Kyoto to Tokyo — 1868
	Turkey	from Istanbul to Ankara — 1923
	Israel	from Tel Aviv-Jaffo to Jerusalem — 1950
Europe	Poland	from Krakow to Warsaw — 1596
	Finland	from Turku to Helsinki — 1812
	Italy	from Turin to Florence to Salerno to Rome — 1871
The Americas	The US	from New York to Washington — 1800
	Jamaica	from Port Royal to Spanish Town to Kingston — 1872
Oceania	New Zealand	from Auckland to Wellington — 1865

1. Why did some countries decide to move the capital?

A．To further expand their land.

B．To uncover ancient treasure.

C．To develop undeveloped areas.

D．To declare war on another country.

2. Which country was the earliest to move its capital?

A．Turkey.	B．Poland.
C．The United Sate.	D．New Zealand.

3. What do Italy and Jamaica have in common?

A．They moved the capitals more than once.

B．Their capitals were destroyed in the war.

C．They moved their capitals in the same year.

D．Their capitals moved because of the economy.

7 . As COVID-19 broke out and spread in the world, many countries are changing their social habits to reduce the risk of spreading the novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒）.Here are some of the ways that greeting habits are changing around the world.

China

Loudspeakers tell people not to shake hands but to make the traditional gongshou gesture(a fist in the opposite palm)to say hello.

France

France is famous for its romantic greetings.They touch each other's cheeks and make a kissing sound. But now, this habit may be coming to a stop. News papers in France have begun publishing advice on how to replace kissing on the cheek. French etiquette(礼仪）expert Philippe Lichtfus said that simply looking into a person's eyes can be enough as a greeting.

Spain

The outbreak could also hit one of Spain's most important traditions---in the week before Easter, known as Holy Week,the faithful(信徒）queue up to kiss the hands or feet of sculptures of the Virgin Mary and the saints,seeking their protection. It's said that the ceremony could be banned.

Iran

Traditionally,people in Iran shake hands to greet one another.But today,a video has been popular in Iran. Showing three friends meeting, hands in their pockets and two of them wearing masks, tapping their feet against each other as a greeting.
1. Many countries are changing their social habits to

A．develop the relationship between countries

B．attract more visitors around the world

C．reduce the risk of spreading COVID-19

D．show respect for other countries

2. People in China are told to greet through

A．gongshou	B．eye contact
C．foot tapping	D．hand kissing

3. What activity could be banned in Spain?

A．Easter celebrations	B．The Holy Week ceremony
C．Spanish music festival	D．The Marathon event

8 . Japan's government is facing criticism (批评)for pressing its plans to hold the Tokyo Olympics even as the country deals with COVID-19. More than 300,000 people have signed a petition (请愿书)calling for not holding the Games, which are set to open on July 23. An advertisement said people were in danger of being “killed by politics”.

Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga has repeatedly stated that the government is continuing with plans, promising the games will happen safely. Some Japanese lawmakers have questioned those statements as some hospitals still struggle to find beds for those sick with COVID-19.

Last month, Suga declared a third state of emergency in Osaka, as well as in Tokyo and two other areas. That lasted through May 31, 2020. On Wednesday, two more areas were placed under emergency measures. It is estimated that only 1 percent of the public has so far been fully vaccinated although millions of vaccines (疫苗)sit unused in very low temperature storage.

Suga and his government have faced criticism for being too slow and soft on virus measures. Japan has been able to keep its number of virus cases and deaths below those in the U.S. and Europe without restrictive measures. But the results are worse than in some other parts of Asia. Japan has also fallen far behind in vaccinations. Though officials blame a lack of supplies from Europe, progress has been slowed because of staff shortages. About 7.6 million vaccines remain unused in freezers.

The president of the Tokyo Olympic organizing committee, Seiko Hashimoto, said that Japanese athletes were likely to get vaccines before the games began. "In Japan, the vaccination of the citizens isn't going very well," she said, adding that the public saw giving the athletes vaccinations as a special treatment, so this gives rise to dissatisfaction among the citizens toward the games.

1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．The government is to kill the people who caught the virus.

B．People are in danger for not supporting the Tokyo Olympics.

C．People are angry that the government only cared about politics.

D．The government doesn't provide enough vaccines for the public.

2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．The vaccines are in short supply.

B．The situation of COVID-19 is still serious.

C．The citizens are unwilling to get vaccinated.

D．Enough measures are taken against COVID-19.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Lawmakers are in favor of Suga's statements.

B．Japanese measures are the most effective in Asia.

C．Japanese athletes are likely to get vaccines soon.

D．Lack of vaccines isn't to blame for slow vaccinations.

4. What's the citizens' attitude towards the Tokyo Olympics to be held as planned?

A．Positive.	B．Uncertain.
C．Dissatisfied.	D．Supportive.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A．A country.

B．A language.

C．A sport.

2. Which are the most important islands in New Zealand?

A．North and Stewart Island.

B．South and Stewart Island.

C．North and South Island.

3. What is Auckland known for?

A．The hottest weather.

B．The sailing boats.

C．The beautiful harbor.

4. Which activity is the most popular in the South Alps?

A．Skiing.

B．Climbing.

C．Sky diving.