1 . Many parents of both boys and girls have witnessed striking differences in the way their kids use technology, with their sons generally gravitating to videogames and their daughters often spending more of their screen time scrolling through social media. Emerging research indicates that brain differences between males and females help account for the split.
Marc Potenza, a professor at Yale University, teamed up with researchers at universities in China to find out why. Using functional MRIs, which measure brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow, the team studied neural responses in young male and female gamers, particularly in the parts of the brain associated with reward processing and craving --a motivating factor in addiction. When the men and women were shown photos of people playing videogames, those parts of the men’s brains showed higher levels of activation than those parts of the women’s brains.
Brain regions that have been implicated in drug-addiction studies also were shown to be more highly activated in the men after gaming. The researchers said the results suggest men could be more biologically prone (有倾向的) than women to developing internet gaming disorder.
But girls and women aren’t free from problems when it comes to digital media. Data from Pew shows that, in general, women use social platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and Pinterest far more than men. Many girls and women are drawn to those photo-sharing sites because they like to form bonds and find similarities, says Rosanna
Guadagno, a social psychologist at Stanford University. Some recent studies show that girls feel the ill effects of too much social media use, such as depression and anxiety, more than boys do.
Researchers at the University of Zurich looked at how differences in brain functioning can help explain why women tend to be more prosocial—that is, helpful, generous and cooperative—than men. In the 2017 study, they hypothesized that the areas of women’s brains related to reward processing are more active when they share rewards and that those areas in men are more active when receiving, selfish rewards. Brain scans conducted on men and women, in which they chose between receiving a monetary reward only for themselves or one that involved sharing money with others, supported their theory.
Scientists say understanding those differences is critical to parents’ ability to help kids navigate the fast-changing world of tech.
1. Boys and girls differ in the way they use technology in that _______.| A．boys like using technology while girls don’t |
| B．boys prefer photo-sharing sites to video games |
| C．girls use social platforms far more than boys |
| D．girls tend to suffer from the use of technology |
| A．The team conducted the research in Yale university. |
| B．There were no changes in blood flow in female games. |
| C．Women’s brains showed higher levels of activation than men’s. |
| D．They focused on the brain’s responses to the part related to addiction. |
| A．Because they are afraid of developing internet gaming disorder. |
| B．Because using social media helps them drive away depression. |
| C．Because it functions as a way of establishing and keeping relations. |
| D．Because they are more active when exposed to social media. |
| A．women are more likely to share money with others |
| B．men are more active when receiving selfish rewards |
| C．women are more helpful, generous and cooperative than men |
| D．women’s brain function influences their prosocial behaviors |
| A．The importance of understanding these differences in brain. |
| B．The proper ways for teenagers to make use of technology . |
| C．The reasons why women are far more generous than men. |
| D．Other factors that might account for technology behavior. |
2 . We sometimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s one of the tricks our minds play on us, especially when we are in low spirits.
Actually, it’s unlikely that things were objectively better in the past. This form of thinking is called rosy retrospection, which is a well-studied cognitive bias. It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive generalities than annoying details.
If you think back to a holiday with your family five years ago, you’re likely to recall the beautiful views rather than the uncomfortable bed. In other words, the negative details disappear from our memory over time while the positive ones remain.
Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. It’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree of doubt.
But rosy retrospection does serve an important purpose. It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our psychological wellbeing. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to exhibit psychological disorders. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they’re not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don’t use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present.
1. When we think about the past, we usually .| A．improve present living conditions | B．beautify past experiences |
| C．focus on mind mapping | D．play games to forget bad things |
| A．Having a preference for good memories. | B．Remembering exactly about the details. |
| C．Concentrating on impossible things. | D．Thinking objectively about the past. |
| A．Reviewing the nostalgic feelings critically. |
| B．Ignoring the nostalgic feelings absolutely. |
| C．Forgiving the unacceptable behavior generously. |
| D．Getting back to the problematic relationships bravely. |
| A．The good excuse for present unhappiness. | B．The accuracy of remembering past details. |
| C．The importance of maintaining a positive mindset. | D．The negative impact of recalling past experiences. |
| A．Negative. | B．Subjective. | C．Favorable. | D．Objective. |
3 . We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
1. What could be inferred from Paragraph 1?| A．Body language is as important as spoken language. |
| B．Body language alone cannot express what we are thinking |
| C．Body language is not more important than spoken language |
| D．We can’t communicate with others without spoken language. |
| A．you needn’t use it everywhere |
| B．you ought to make eye contact |
| C．you should respect the local culture |
| D．it should be consistent with your own culture |
| A．the Japanese value money more |
| B．people from different countries can’t communicate |
| C．in Brazil and Germany, people never use the gesture “OK” |
| D．the same gesture may mean different things in different places |
| A．In Bulgaria, nodding means “yes”. |
| B．In southern Albania, shaking your head means “yes”. |
| C．The “yes” and “no” gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere |
| D．The “yes” and “no” gestures in Bulgaria and southern Albania are completely opposite. |
| A．a smile is the key to success |
| B．smiling can make you feel happier and stronger |
| C．smiling can help you break down the barriers in your way |
| D．a smile is a powerful tool for building and strengthening social connections |
4 . Kids and teens are often dismissive of praise from their parents. I am sure that parents out there can relate to this, as we all have been told at one time or another by one or several of our kids, “Stop it, Mom.” or even, “You’re just saying that because you are my parents, and you have to say that.” I can assure you, though, that they are listening. They will probably not thank you for this praise until they are in their twenties, but don’t let that stop you from praising them during their childhood and teen years. Just be careful how you praise them. A little praise may go a long way-especially if it is the right kind of praise.
It appears that the way to go is to praise their efforts according to a study by Brummelman of Utrecht University in the Netherlands and his colleagues. These researchers concluded that kids should be praised primarily for their efforts, rather than for their personal characteristics, because if they are praised for their efforts, then a poor performance is more likely to be seen as a glitch (小故障), rather than a valid reflection of who they are as individuals.
Let’s think about this together. If you are a teenager or a child of any age and are constantly told how brilliant you are, then when you do poorly on a test or a few tests, you may feel like you have suddenly lost your status as brilliant and may now feel ashamed that you are merely average or even dumb. If you are a girl who is constantly being told how beautiful you are, then on a day when you don’t look or feel so good, you may decide that you are unattractive. This is the problem that develops when we are praising our kids for global personality characteristics that they can’t always live up to.
1. The intended readers of this passage are _____.| A．doctors | B．parents | C．teachers | D．children |
| A．All children should be praised. |
| B．There’s no need to praise kids and teens. |
| C．Praise should be beyond children’s expectations. |
| D．Teens often pay no attention to their parents’ praise. |
| A．You are a great artist. |
| B．You are very intelligent. |
| C．You have a special gift for music. |
| D．Your painting has indeed improved due to your efforts. |
| A．stupid | B．unique | C．curious | D．honest |
| A．The reasons for praising kids and teens. |
| B．The right ways to praise kids and teens. |
| C．The benefits of praising kids and teens. |
| D．The importance of praising kids and teens. |
5 . Dogs have been man’s best friends for 30,000 years — and now scientists think they know why.
Dogs are usually not relaxed in a lab environment, but with a little petting and lots of treats, they can be trained to sit still even in an MRI (磁共振成像) scanner. That’s how researchers at Hungary’s ELTE University were able to get images of their brains at work.
Researcher Attila Andics said it helped them better understand the dogs’ relationship with humans. “We have known for a long time that dogs and humans share similar social environment, but now our results show that dogs and humans also have similar brain mechanisms (方法；机制) to process social information,” said Andics.
After training 11 dogs to stay motionless while their brains were scanned, the researchers checked their neurological (神经系统的) responses to about 200 emotionally significant sounds, from whining and crying to playful barking and laughing. They then compared the responses from human subjects. They found great similarities. Andics said it opened new possibilities for the research.
“It establishes a foundation of a new branch of comparative neuroscience, because until now it was not possible to measure the brain activities of a non-primate and a primate (灵长类) brain in a single experiment,” said Andies.
Evan Maclean, Professor in Duke University, said that the Hungarian results were an important step forward.
“We’ve known for a long time that dogs have a lot of behavioral similarities compared to humans. But we don’t know anything or very little at least about whether some of these behaviors are represented similarly inside the brain of the dog, so this research is providing a first glimpse into whether these behavioral similarities are underlined by similar neural processes,” said MacLean.
The Hungarian scientists tell ordinary dog owners to treat their dog companions as intelligent friends, not mere animals, because they evidently understand human feelings.
1. Why were treats used in the research?| A．To reduce dogs’ nervousness. |
| B．To help dogs live a still life. |
| C．To find out dogs’ favorite food. |
| D．To analyze dogs’ images of brains. |
| A．dogs are unlikely to understand human feelings |
| B．dogs eagerly accept human beings as their best friends |
| C．dogs tend to have different responses to different sounds |
| D．dogs are close to humans in processing social information |
| A．analyzing their physical movements |
| B．observing their facial expressions |
| C．measuring brain activities through scanning |
| D．assessing their different vocalizations |
| A．Treating them as private property. |
| B．Considering them as smart creatures. |
| C．Regarding them as wild animals. |
| D．Viewing them as tools for specific tasks. |
| A．To call on dog owners to treat dogs well. |
| B．To advance the research on dogs’ brains. |
| C．To establish comparative neuroscience. |
| D．To reveal why dogs are men’s best friends. |
6 . Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives. And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips (微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like -Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However, it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns, not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert (静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them. Current technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain? A surprising 60 per cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely. theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph?| A．A summary of the article. | B．An introduction to the main topic. |
| C．An overview of the whole article. | D．An argument over the main topic. |
| A．To put something into someone’s body by an operation. |
| B．To design something new over a period of time. |
| C．To prevent something from changing rapidly. |
| D．To get rid of something steadily. |
| A．The process of human-computer interaction. |
| B．The possible treatment for particular diseases. |
| C．The future of microchips and devices alike. |
| D．The existing application of microchip implants. |
| A．They may reject it. | B．They may expect it. |
| C．They may adjust to it. | D．They may feel curious about it, |
| A．Imaginary. | B．Practical. |
| C．Unfulfilled. | D．Impossible. |
7 . The world is full of advice on how to get a good night’s sleep, but sometimes doing so just isn’t possible. If you are struggling with a sleep disorder, are a shift worker or have a baby who. wakes every few hours, being told how to sleep well can be annoying. For others, despite feeling exhausted all day, a fourth episode of your favorite TV series can seem more appealing than going to bed.
How do you know if you are sleep-deprived? For some people, the answer will be obvious; for others, it may be less so. Russell Foster, a professor at the University of Oxford, specifies three signs that you are probably not getting enough sleep: “Feeling that you don’t perform at your peak during the day; oversleeping on free days; or craving (渴望得到) a nap during the day.”
“Lack of good sleep can cause an imbalance in your appetite hormones,” says Martin Meadows, a registered dietitian: “The hormone ghrelin, which causes you to feel hungry, increases and the hormone leptin, which signals that you are full; decreases.”
As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation (匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.”
“Short term, you can get away with the negative influence of sleep deprivation of you,” says Foster. “It’s in the long term that things start to fall apart.” He catalogues the ill effects: “Your cognitive performance. drops with accumulated sleep deprivation—your communication skills, your decision-making skills, your memory.” There is also an increased risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, depression and psychosis.
Fortunately, according to Meadows, most of us could do with an extra hour to an hour and a half of sleep each night to cope with sleep deprivation. And if you had a bad night’s sleep, Meadows recommends “making a conscious effort to choose foods such as wholegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help you feel full while limiting your overall energy intake.”
1. The examples given in the first paragraph are intended to ______.| A．list reasons why people hate advice on good sleep | B．highlight the harm caused by sleep deprivation |
| C．present the factual phenomenon of lack of sleep | D．form a contrast with the following paragraphs |
| A．It disturbs the feeling of being hungry or full. | B．It ruins your appetite instead of feeling hungry. |
| C．It causes imbalance in eating and sleeping | D．It has no impact on appetite hormones. |
| A．When it’s stormy outside, we crave for junk food and a good night sleep. |
| B．When we feel under the weather, we should eat less and sleep more. |
| C．We should combine healthy eating with regular sleep together. |
| D．Bad eating and sleep deprivation contributes to each other. |
| A．Irregular heartbeat. | B．Failing memory. |
| C．Poor decision-making. | D．Bad choices of lifestyle. |
| A．sleep for as long as they want during the day | B．watch one episode of their favorite TV series |
| C．prevent yourself from energy intake each night | D．consume food rich in fiber and water |
8 . Every year, millions of monarch butterflies migrate 3,000 miles to Mexico from North America. “Everybody knows about the monarchs’ migration,” says Andy Davis, an animal ecologist at the University of Georgia. “But one of the things that we still don’t understand is how they’re capable of making such tremendous flight while being such small animals with limited energy.” Amazingly, some of the monarch’s continent-spanning magic may be owed to the size of its wing spot, according to a study published in PLOS One.
The question of how color influences the monarch’s flight began when Mostafa Hassanalian, a professor of mechanical engineering, published a paper about how the colors on the wings of the albatross (信天翁) might help it fly for longer distances. The black on the top of the bird’s wings absorbs more solar energy, creating a pocket of warm air; the white on the bottom absorbs less. Together, the opposite colors create more lift and less drag, helping the albatross to fly up more efficiently.
Motivated by Hassanalian’s paper, Andy Davis contacted him and they teamed up with three other experts to investigate whether the orange, black. and white patterns on North American monarch butterflies’ wings influenced their flight distance. Specifically, they explored whether these color patterns determined how far the butterflies could fly. They discovered that surviving migratory monarchs had 3% less black pigment (色素) and 3% more white pigment a surprising contrast from the albatross. They also observed larger white spots on Eastern monarchs, which migrate farther than Western and Floridian populations, along with deeper shades of orange. The team assumed that these color patterns might offer an aerodynamic (空气动力) advantage, although the reason for the larger white spots remains unknown.
Should the connection between white markings and flight performance prove true, they plan to apply it to drone technology. “If small coloration (自然色彩) effects can improve like 10% of your efficiency, that’s a lot,” Hassanalian says, “Another aspect is that your drone would be able to carry more, because this coloration helps it gain extra lift.” The enhancement could also benefit other aircraft, but he points out one warning: planes fly at a much faster speed than butterflies, so coloration may not be as relevant to them.
Other butterfly scientists have reacted to their work with both enthusiasm and skeptlesm. “It is a totally new idea and it’s quite exciting,” says Marcus Kronforst, an evolutionary biologist. “I’ve worked on butterfly color patterns my whole life, basically, and never, never considered this. It’s never crossed my mind that it might influence how the butterflies fly.”
1. According to Andy Davis, what remains a mystery of the monarchs’ migration?| A．How the monarchs manage the migration. |
| B．Why the monarchs make the migration. |
| C．Why the monarchs migrate to Mexico |
| D．How the monarchs choose the route. |
| A．To reveal the mechanism of the albatross’ flight. |
| B．To show Hassanalian’s achievements in albatross study. |
| C．To indicate where the researchers drew their inspiration. |
| D．To introduce common color patterns of the albatross’ wings. |
| A．They reduce orange pigment. | B．They limit migration distance. |
| C．They resemble albatross spots. | D．They offer extra lift for migration. |
| A．By conducting an experiment. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By doing field research. | D．By studying models. |
| A．Scientifically curious. | B．Cautiously optimistic. |
| C．Technologically skeptical. | D．Environmentally concerned. |
9 . When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative, as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. Our conscious recognition of these peers and norms is what sets our expectations, shaping our self-image and happiness. What’s interesting about the relative comparisons that most of us make is that in whatever area of life we consider—for example, our highest level of education—it’s not how we fare in comparison to the rest of the world that seems to matter most, but rather how we compare to our closest peers.
For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why? Because most of his closest peers—his siblings and friends from childhood—have lives far worse than his.
In contrast to. Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5 million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena’s family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers across the world can share, she consistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the rest of the world; This is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situation al or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values independent of the achievement of others. For all of us, defining these goals, especially during Periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.| A．show the significance of evaluating people. |
| B．motivate readers to study psychological tests. |
| C．help people perform well in psychological tests |
| D．provide some background information on evaluating people. |
| A．To measure different achievement. |
| B．To introduce the standards to evaluate people. |
| C．To explain relative performance with examples. |
| D．To contrast relative performance and absolute performance. |
| A．“Omar” is independent on social services. |
| B．“Omar” ‘s siblings lead better lives than he does. |
| C．“Lena” is always discontented with what she has. |
| D．“Lena” tends to compare herself to the rest of the world. |
| A．Setting goals in life is essential for everyone. |
| B．It’s important to avoid unhealthy comparisons. |
| C．A sense of achievement can affect one’s happiness. |
| D．Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression. |
| A．Happiness: Is it all relative? | B．Happiness: Is it associated with achievement? |
| C．Self-worth: Is it based on efforts? | D．Self-worth: Is it measurable? |
10 . Reading is a complex and crucial skill that impacts the youth’s ability to perform as students. Therefore, it’s important to develop reading skills during childhood. A team of researchers focused on the effect of whole-body learning in instruction, known as embodied learning.
The research included 149 children, aged 5 to 6, who had just started school. They were divided into three groups: one that stood up and used their whole bodies to shape letter sounds; a seated group that shaped letter sounds with their hands and arms; and a control group that received traditional, seated instruction during which they wrote letters by hand.
“Our research showed that children who used their whole bodies to shape the sounds of letters became twice as proficient at letter sounds that are more difficult to learn as those who received traditional instruction” says PhD student Linn Damsgaard of UCPH’s Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports.
With regard to difficult letter sounds, she adds, “There are many difficult letter sounds in Danish. These sounds are particularly important because once children become skilled at them, they will be better readers.
Associate professor Jacob Wienecke, who led the study, explains, the primary goal is to learn more about which methods can be used to give beginner readers a good start. The idea is that if, through play and movement, we can learn where their strengths truly lie, we’ll create a form of learning that combines reading with play, and that’s truly positive.”
Previously, the researchers showed that the children felt more motivated by teaching methods which included physical movement. Jacob Wienecke hopes this will provide an opportunity to inspire teachers and school managers to prioritize movement across subjects.
The study also investigated whether a direct effect of embodied learning could be found on children’s reading of words. This was not possible, which might be due to the fact that the children were at such an early stage of their literacy development that they could not yet use their knowledge of letter sounds to read words.
1. What were the participants required to do in the study?| A．To pick out difficult letter sounds in Danish. |
| B．To learn new letters through repeated writing. |
| C．To learn letter sounds using different approaches. |
| D．To memorize some letter sounds as soon as possible. |
| A．By combining learning with games. |
| B．By offering them chances to cooperate. |
| C．By inspiring them to overcome difficulties. |
| D．By explaining instructions to them patiently. |
| A．terrible. | B．skilled. |
| C．delighted. | D．fascinated. |
| A．Encouraging educators to apply it to teaching. |
| B．Enabling researchers to carry out further studies. |
| C．Urging schools to pay attention to physical exercise. |
| D．Promoting harmonious teacher-student relationships. |
| A．Children prefer learning step by step. |
| B．Children are too little to use their knowledge smartly. |
| C．Children lack enough practice to get fully improved. |
| D．Children’s learning still relies on adults’ instruction. |
