增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词.
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉.
修改：在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词.
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分.
Rain is great importance to us. Without rain, our water supply would be cut off and we would die, so will plants and animals. Therefore, too much rain does a lot of harm to us. It floods fields, towns and cities, causes us great losses. So far man's control over rain had never ceased. If they can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more free from nature. Fortunate, we human beings have taken steps, such as planting more trees and using weather forecasts, it helps avoid flood damage and protect our water supply. I am greatly convinced that only if we join the hands to fight our common enemy can we live a rosy life.
2 . Every day is Earth Day — probably you’ve heard it before. Nearly all Americans have access to a plastic recycling program. You may be surprised to learn how many types of plastic packaging can be recycled into new, useful products!
Ford Motor Company has been helping to promote the use of environmentally-friendly auto parts — and one way they’re doing that is by using recycled plastic bottles for underbody shields (底盘保护罩) and other auto parts on cars.
“The underbody shield is a large part, and for a part that big, if we use solid plastic, it would likely weigh three times as much,” said Thomas Sweder, a design engineer of Ford Motor Company. “We look for the most durable and highest performing materials to work with to make our parts, and in this case, we are also creating many environmental benefits.”
In the past decade, the global use of plastics in vehicle parts has grown quickly. Ford alone uses about 1.2 billion recycled plastic bottles per year, about 250 bottles per vehicle on average.
When plastic bottles are thrown into a recycling bin, they are collected with thousands of others and cut into small pieces. These pieces are typically sold to suppliers who turn them into fibers, by melting and pressing them. Then they are mixed together with other various types of fiber in a process and used to make a sheet of material which is formed into the auto parts.
Due to its light weight, recycled plastic is ideal for the manufacturing of underbody shields. These shields reportedly also help create a significantly quieter environment on the new 2020 Ford Escape.
This is not the only way that Ford has been committed to environmental protection; the automotive company recently partnered with McDonald’s coffee suppliers to recycle all of their coffee roasting biowaste into headlights.
“Ford is among the leaders when it comes to using recycled materials such as this,” Sweder said. “This material meets all of our requirements for durability and performance.”
1. Why does Ford choose recycled plastic as environmentally-friendly materials?| A．Because it’s new and useful. | B．Because it’s durable and light. |
| C．Because it’s cheap and easy to get. | D．Because it’s portable and well-performed. |
| A．The global use of plastics. | B．The mixing process of fibers. |
| C．The advantages of plastic bottles. | D．The formation of the new auto material. |
| A．Recycling coffee roasting biowaste. | B．Improving vehicle parts. |
| C．Recycling plastic bottles into auto parts. | D．Creating a quieter environment. |
| A．Ford Takes the Lead in Plastic Recycling. |
| B．Every Day is Earth Day. |
| C．Ecological Auto Underbody Shields. |
| D．A Pioneer in Promoting Environmental Protection. |
Humans share Earth with many different kinds of wildlife. However, many of our animal friends may not be around for much
According to the Living Planet Report released by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in October, the populations of animals
“The astonishing decline
WWF has called on world governments and businesses
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Recently I took a part in a geography research activity, whose theme was environmental pollution and protection. We took variety pictures showing the present pollution conditions of our city. To our surprise, there are still a great number people doing silly things to our surrounding. Some people often throw rubbish whichever they like. Some cars gave off harmful gases and waste water is pouring into rivers by some factories. Worse still, people sometimes have to make his way through dusty winds as a result of the pollution. Through our research, we have come to realize what everybody must pay more attention to protect our environment and that some measures should be taken to protect it.
1.垃圾分类的益处；
2.你周边的实施情况；
3.你的感受。
参考词：recyclables, kitchen waste, harmful waste, other waste
注意：
1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
6 . Rainforest is scattered along Australia’s east coast in western Tasmania, and small pockets across north Australia from Cape York to the Kimberley. Most of Australia’s rainforest-over million hectares -is in Queensland.
Where can see rainforest?
You can see rainforest in many national parks in Queensland. Some parks have facilities for bushwalking; others are suitable only for experienced walkers. If you would like to know more about rainforest, check with your local Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service Office.
Threats to survival
Weeds, fire, wild animals(pigs, dogs and cats), clearing for residential development, and visitor pressures(eg. littering)threaten remaining rainforest biodiversity.
Fragmented rainforest is particularly under threat. Private landholders who have rainforest habitat on their property can help conserve this special ecosystem and the many plant and animal species living within it.
How you can help
Stay on walking tracks. Delicate ground cover plants are easily trampled.
Clean your boots beforehand to avoid introducing soil virus.
Remember, everything is protected. Don’t pick, break or remove any plants.
Don’t feed native animals. Feeding is harmful and may lead to aggressive behavior.
Leave the rainforest as you found it. Take your rubbish home with you. Buried rubbish uncovered by forest animals can harm them.
Leave your pets at home. They are not allowed in national parks and can chase, scare and kill animals.
If you camp within the park， disturb the forest floor as little as possible. Don’t cut trees for tent poles or clear plants around your campsite.
Only use fuel stoves when cooking in rainforests Nutrient recycling is critical in a rainforest so gathering leaf litter and dead branches for fires can cause damage.
Don’t use soap, toothpaste, sunscreen or detergent in waterways. They pollute the water and harm aquatic animals.
1. How can you appreciate the rainforest in Queensland?| A．By building facilities in the national parks. |
| B．By accumulating experience of walking. |
| C．By bushwalking in the national parks. |
| D．By checking with the local people. |
| A．Gathering dead branches for firewood. |
| B．Cleaning your boots while walking. |
| C．Burying rubbish in the rainforest. |
| D．Keeping on the paths. |
| A．Camping. |
| B．Cooking. |
| C．Walking your dog. |
| D．Washing your hands. |
7 . A study has warned that seafood supplies from the world's oceans could be almost gone by the middle of the century. The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. The study says that means their catch has fallen by ninety percent from their highest level. Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia Canada led the intentional team that did the study. Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at an increasing speed. At this rate he says all seafood species could collapse by 2048.
Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty, in, fifty years.Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations. Government officials in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research.
The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine.
The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems. These complex systems help control water quality. The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appears to increase the risk of fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth.
The scientists examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas. They also looked at records of catches worldwide. They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from 1950 to 2003. And they examined archaeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas. That research reached back over a thousand years.
Boris Worm says the findings are, in his words, “beyond anything we suspected.”But he also said the situation is not too late to core. He said that with good fisheries management, some species could completely recover in three to ten years.
1. The two underlined words “their” in the first paragraph most probably mean .| A．researchers' | B．fisherman's |
| C．sea foods' | D．the oceans' |
| A．All the scientists don't believe that all seafood species will disappearing very soon |
| B．Most government officials disagree to the seafood-disappearing research |
| C．Some scientists are doing a good job of protecting fish populations |
| D．It's too late to take any action to improve the situation. |
| A．Some people are doing a good job of protecting fish populations |
| B．Overfishing is one of the causes for the loss of seafood species |
| C．things are getting worse though efforts can be made |
| D．some more species will come into being with right measures |
| A．To call on people to protect the ocean environment |
| B．To introduce a study about the disappearing of sea foods |
| C．To report different opinions about the seafood research |
| D．To criticize the present fisheries management |
8 . Walls blanketed in moss(苔藓)are popping up in major cities, along with promises that they can reduce air pollution—but can a few square metres of plant matter really deal with the smog?
A Berlin-based firm, Green City Solutions, believes so. Its moss walls, called the CityTree, are roughly 4 square metres in size. Armed with Wi-Fi sensors to monitor the health of moss, a City Tree functions autonomously and requires very little maintenance(维护). The wall collects rainwater, which is pumped through a built-in irrigation system to the plants, powered by solar energy. As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able to “eat” around 250 grams of particulate(颗粒) matter a day (nearly 90 kgs a year) and removes about 240 metric tons of CO2 annually. It also cools the surrounding air.
Aware that getting the surrounding air in contact with the moss wall is crucial for the CityTree to be effective, the inventors ensure that the location of each installation (安装) is chosen carefully. Spots where pollution is heavy due to traffic and where air flow is limited are picked. The importance of this step is explained by the fact that the waste gas from a car generally goes vertically a few kilometres into the air.
But this doesn’t mean moss walls will necessarily protect people from pollution. In the Netherlands, researchers found that eight walls installed in Amsterdam failed to reduce the concentration of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (N02). Their report concluded that even doubling the number of moss walls would do little to improve their effectiveness.
The CityTree is not meant for parks or to substitute for street trees, but to add greenery to concrete-heavy spaces where planting is not an option. It’s important to remember that street trees provide a whole host of other benefits, including shelter and habitat for urban wildlife, shade and cooling for people on the street, and reduction of urban heat islands.
1. What do we know about the CityTree?| A．It can absorb some air pollutants. | B．It can irrigate other street plants. |
| C．It produces electricity to cool water. | D．It is aimed at saving water in cities. |
| A．The importance of CityTree. |
| B．The function of CityTree. |
| C．How to operate CityTree. |
| D．Where to place CityTree. |
| A．To show that CityTree can’t always work well. |
| B．To prove that CityTree can reduce air pollutants. |
| C．To emphasize the necessity of building moss walls. |
| D．To analyze the reasons for the failure of the program. |
| A．Ambiguous. | B．Disapproving. |
| C．Supportive. | D．Cautious. |
9 . We're so attached to plastic, but we're careless consumers. Waste plastic is entering our ecosystems and food chains with untold consequences. Cleaning up our polluted world of plastic may seem a noble, but thankless task. However, some people are seeing economic opportunity in the mission.
Plastic Bank, a social enterprise from Canada, is monetizing plastic recycling while empowering those most affected by the waste. It works to prevent waste plastic from entering oceans by encouraging people in developing countries to collect plastic from their communities in exchange for cash, food, clean water or school tuition for their children. After collection, plastic is weighed, sorted, chipped, melted into balls and sold on as“raw material”to be made into everything from bottles for cleaning products to clothing.
“I saw in large quantities; I saw an opportunity,”CEO David Katz told the audience at the Sustainable Brands Oceans conference in Porto, Portugal on November 14.“We reveal the value in this material,”he added.
Plastic Bank was founded in 2013 and launched on the ground operations in 2014 in Haiti, the poorest country in the Western, Hemisphere, where close to 60% of the population live under the poverty line. As result of poor waste disposal and recycling infrastructure (基础设施)，plastic waste enters rivers or is burned and poses the health threats to the local residents.
The company says i has over 2,000 collectors working in the country, with its full- time collectors on average 63% above the poverty line thanks to the income they make from the project. Through its app based payment system, many collectors now have bank accounts for the first time, and are able to ultimately escape ultra poverty.
“Nothing we're doing is against the laws of physics,”said Katz. “All the technology exists for us to solve and save the world. It's only creative thought.”
1. What is Plastic Bank aimed to do?| A．Test out creative ideas. |
| B．Discover new material. |
| C．Promote plastic recycling. |
| D．Stop people using plastic. |
| A．Purchasing- collecting—recycling. |
| B．Exchanging collecting—purchasing. |
| C．Collecting- exchanging—reproducing. |
| D．Persuading consuming—reproducing. |
| A．Haiti attaches great importance to recycling. |
| B．Many locals benefit greatly from the project. |
| C．Collecting is an efficient way to recycle waste. |
| D．The project has solved unemployment in Haiti: |
| A．Companies stand to ban plastic consumption |
| B．Technology finds its way to kick off poverty |
| C．David Katz speaks at the conference in Porto |
| D．Plastic Bank is fighting against plastic waste |
10 . Climate change leads to a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognizable from what we see today, with 10% to 12% facing severe erosion (侵蚀).
Using updated sea level rise predictions, the researchers analyzed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher seas and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion, as well as human factors-like coastal building developments, all of which can affect a beach’s health. The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors, and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere, the worse the influences on the world’s beaches are likely to be.
It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities. And in some areas, the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia, life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year.
Some of the world’s most popular beaches are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up (修复) badly eroded shorelines, while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge, and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle.
However, the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world’s beaches. If the world’s governments are able to stick to modest cuts to heat-trapping gas pollution, the researchers found that 22%of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented, a number that grows to 40%by 2100 if greenhouse gases are limited.
1. Which is the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion?| A．Damaging storms. | B．Wave erosion. |
| C．Coastal building. | D．Sea level rise. |
| A．It is hard to protect coastal beaches. |
| B．One third of storms take place near beaches. |
| C．Beaches are of great significance to our lives. |
| D．Most Australians live on beach tourism. |
| A．Popularizing the beaches. |
| B．Holding sand in place. |
| C．Reducing the project costs. |
| D．Stopping global warming. |
| A．Half beaches could disappear by 2100. |
| B．Climate change is doing harm to our lives. |
| C．The beach is more than a vacation destination. |
| D．Governments are taking action to fight wave erosion. |
