1 . After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．Wildlife research in the United States. |
| B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. |
| C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. |
| D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. |
| A．Damage to local ecology. |
| B．Preservation of vegetation. |
| C．A decline in the park’s income. |
| D．An increase in the variety of animals. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Uncaring. | C．Positive. | D．Disapproving. |
2 . In dry Niger, south of the Sahara, farmers who allowed cut trees to regrow in their fields have seen crop harvests increase rapidly. In recent decades, farmers there have allowed millions of trees to regrow on land that had once been cleared.
For centuries, rich woodlands dotted this dusty, sun-baked region south of the Sahara. By the time Ali Neino was a boy in the 1980s, however, just one lonely tree shot from his family’s land, and he could see clear to the horizon. “There was no vegetation in between the village and the fields,” recalls Neino, 45. “No trees, no plants, nothing.”
Decades of drought, land-clearing, and demand for firewood had left Niger nearly treeless. Intensive farming (密集农作) to feed the world’s fastest-growing population ensured new trees would not take root. Government efforts to reforest the area in the 1970s failed. Sixty million trees were planted; fewer than 20 percent survived.
Instead of cutting trees down, farmers in Niger now leave them standing and allow them to regrow from stumps (树桩), knowing that the soil around them will retain more water and be enriched by the leaves. On a recent walk along his family’s farm outside Dan Saga, Neino pointed to the trees growing everywhere.
In the past 35 years, as scientists begged nations to get serious about bringing forests back, one of Earth’s poorest countries, in one of the planet’s worst regions, added an astonishing 200 million new trees—maybe more. Across at least 12 million acres of Niger, woodlands have been re-established with little outside help, almost no money, and without driving people off their land. The trees here weren’t planted; they were encouraged to come back naturally, cared by thousands of farmers. Now, fresh trees are popping up in village after village.
1. Why is Ali Neino mentioned in Paragraph 2?| A．To stress the importance of trees. |
| B．To show the features of the Sahara. |
| C．To prove Niger ‘s shortage of trees. |
| D．To predict the disappearance of trees. |
| A．Years of drought. | B．Intensive farming. |
| C．Trees’ low survival rate. | D．Government efforts’ failure. |
| A．By driving people off their land. |
| B．By allowing trees to regrow naturally. |
| C．By encouraging farmers to plant more. |
| D．By getting support from other countries. |
| A．Trees growing again in a dry nation |
| B．Land cleared for tree-planting in the Sahara |
| C．Trees planted for the environment worldwide |
| D．Crop harvests benefiting from trees in Niger |
3 . Children can gain a stronger connection with the environment through story writing, according to a new study. The research was focused on the issue of plastic litter in Latin American countries along the Pacific Ocean.
The experts set out to explore how a story-writing activity may influence the opinions of children about plastic litter, as well as how their behavior may be affected. “A key element of our project was to examine the children’s responses to questionnaires (调查表) they completed before and after writing these stories,” said study co-author Dr. Kayleigh Wyles. “We found that their knowledge on the topic increased and they became more active, as they reported doing more pro-environmental acts afterwards.”
The children were asked to use their imaginations about litter items that are commonly found on the beach, such as straws and plastic bags. They were then instructed to imagine how these items ended up on the beach in the first place. The writing project showed that children were more likely to think about ways of preventing litter from entering the environment, rather than just cleaning it up. According to the researchers, the most popular solutions suggested in the stories were the regeneration and reduction of litter.
Overall, nearly 90 children participated in the study and in more than half of the stories, the children showed awareness of the dangers of plastic pollution in the marine (海洋的) environment, including the risk of animal involvement. Many stories described consequences of animals ingesting plastic, such as injuries or death.
“Stories offer a new and different way to explore what people believe and how they understand their environment,” said lead study author Estelle Praet. “The results were truly inspiring and showed the children’s awareness of plastic’s impact on marine life and the environment.”
1. Which might Dr. Kayleigh Wyles agree with about the story-writing activity?| A．It changes the kids’ way to use plastic products. |
| B．It promotes the kids’ knowledge on plastic litter. |
| C．It affects the kids’ responses to difficult questions. |
| D．It makes the kids more imaginative in story writing. |
| A．Cleaning them up regularly. | B．Destroying them on the beach. |
| C．Delivering them to factories. | D．Recycling and reducing them. |
| A．Giving away. | B．Taking in. | C．Escaping from. | D．Living with. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Objective. | C．Optimistic. | D．Critical. |
4 . Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers.
In some cities, the air is filled with pollution.
If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution.
If we can do these, we will make the world a better place to live in.
| A．This makes some old people and children ill. |
| B．As well as people, animals are also harmed by pollution. |
| C．We can make our lakes and rivers cleaner and cleaner. |
| D．It’s time for all of us to take action right away! |
| E．Because of this, these places have already been polluted. |
| F．Trees reduce dust and help keep the air clean. |
| G．A few of us should take action to protect the environment. |
5 . The UK will ban all new petrol and diesel-powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 19 years for environmental reasons, a government report says.
The plan aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous clean-air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.
The British government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health, and costs up to $3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.
Part of the new plan involves an offer of $260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions (排放量) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.
The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme-low-emission vehicles, nearly $130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $378 million for remodeling existing vehicles.
Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars,” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important that we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”
Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters (上下班往返的人) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emissions, he said.
1. Why does the British government decide on this ban?| A．To focus on its citizens’ health. | B．To promote solar energy in transport. |
| C．To respond to the court’s request. | D．To follow in France’s footsteps. |
| A．Limiting the number of traffic lights. |
| B．Changing the way roads are arranged. |
| C．Spending some money on electric vehicles. |
| D．Removing old and high-emission vehicles. |
| A．Convenient public transportation is badly needed. |
| B．Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress. |
| C．Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change. |
| D．United efforts are required to achieve the plan. |
| A．Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions. |
| B．The UK plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads. |
| C．The EU forces the UK to improve the poor air quality. |
| D．Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last month, our school launched a campaign which intention was to promote environmental protection. The campaign last for one week. Firstly, there was a photo display to show the seriously pollution caused by human activities. Secondly, there was a lecture on many small step that we could take in our daily life protect the environment. For example, taking the bus and using the bike-sharing system would be a good way. Last but not the least, we students were encouraging to decorate our classrooms with recycled materials. Through the campaign, they have benefited a lot. We realize that it is our responsible to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet for future generations.
7 . I looked out of the door of my 100 year-old house and saw my newly built garden. I realized nothing is rubbish. I was full of
I
My neighbors would put the autumn
Nothing has to be really
| A．joy | B．sympathy | C．doubt | D．regret |
| A．refused | B．hesitated | C．liked | D．started |
| A．wealth | B．garbage | C．investments | D．necessities |
| A．packed up | B．brought up | C．threw away | D．gave away |
| A．value | B．request | C．confusion | D．consequence |
| A．own | B．find | C．forget | D．lose |
| A．collecting | B．recovering | C．recycling | D．competing |
| A．sorting | B．picking | C．spotting | D．recording |
| A．uniform | B．broken | C．limitless | D．separate |
| A．fruit | B．rice | C．leaves | D．vegetables |
| A．compare | B．deal | C．communicate | D．fit |
| A．platform | B．garden | C．picture | D．schedule |
| A．building | B．tent | C．sign | D．show |
| A．piled | B．polished | C．decorated | D．cleaned |
| A．unwillingly | B．hardly | C．seriously | D．casually |
| A．submitted | B．sowed | C．removed | D．reserved |
| A．smelly | B．annoying | C．imaginary | D．attractive |
| A．useless | B．careless | C．priceless | D．defenseless |
| A．pleasant | B．vivid | C．violent | D．disgusting |
| A．trouble | B．treasure | C．terror | D．trade |
8 . Two little girls,14-year-old Cindy and 12-year-old Lucy, wrote to a newspaper office, asking some fast food restaurants to stop giving away free plastic (塑料) toys. Many people read the letter and supported them.
“We have been learning all about the environment at school and the problem of plastic. It made us very sad to see how plastic harms wildlife and pollutes the ocean, and we want to change this.That’s why we want the fast food restaurants to think of the environment and stop giving away plastic toys with their kids meals.” the two girls wrote in their letter.
“We like to go to eat in fast food restaurants, but children only play with the plastic toys they give us for a few minutes before they get thrown away. In the end, they will harm animals and pollute the sea. We want anything they give us to be sustainable (可持续发展的), so we can protect the earth for us and for future humans,” they continued.
The letter made a large number of readers pay attention to them. The number of people who supported them almost doubled after reporters followed the two little girls.
Since the little girls’ story started being picked up by news reporters, the fast food restaurants had to give a reply to the newspaper office, telling about their plans for making their free toys more sustainable.
1. The two little girls wrote to the newspaper office in order to ________.| A．get some fast food |
| B．get some free presents |
| C．stop children having junk food |
| D．stop fast food restaurants giving away plastic toys |
| A．At home. | B．At school. |
| C．In a restaurant. | D．In a library. |
| A．fast food restaurants | B．fast food |
| C．plastic toys | D．waste water |
| A．They may stop giving away free plastic toys. |
| B．They may make free toys with paper and cloth. |
| C．They may sell their plastic toys to other countries. |
| D．They may make free plastic toys more sustainable. |
9 . Promising 42,000 new homes across five residential districts, the eco-town of Tengah will be the 24th new settlement built by Singapore’s government since World War II. It is, however, the first with centralized cooling, automated trash collection and a car-free town center, which conservationists hope offers a road map for slashing carbon emissions in the Southeast Asian city-state.
Although comparatively small, with a population of under 6 million people, Singapore’s per capita emissions are higher than those of the UK, China and neighboring Malaysia, according to the country’s National Climate Change Secretariat. That’s due, in part, to air conditioning, which accounts for more than a third of typical household energy consumption. The Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS) has predicted that, by the end of this century, average daily temperatures in the city-state may be at least 34.1 degrees Celsius “almost every day” during the eight warmest months of the year.
As such, keeping cool will, increasingly, be a necessity for residents. Rather than demonizing air conditioning, Tengah’s planners have instead sought to reimagine it. Cold water, chilled using solar power, will be piped through the district’s homes, meaning residents don’t need to install inefficient outdoor AC condensers. According to the town’s energy provider, SP Group, this will generate carbon dioxide savings equivalent to taking 4,500 cars off the roads each year.
Planners used computer modeling to simulate wind flow and heat gain across the town, helping to reduce the so-called urban heat island effect. Elsewhere, “smart” lights will switch off when public spaces are unoccupied, and trash will be stored centrally, with monitors detecting when garbage needs collecting. All residents will have access to the app allowing them to monitor their energy and water usage. Digital displays in each block will meanwhile inform occupants of their collective environmental impact, which could even encourage competition between residential blocks.
Regardless of whether the use of smart technology can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions or not, engaging residents with their own consumption could encourage behavioral change, according to Perrine Hamel, an assistant professor at Nanyang Technological University’s Asian School of the Environment. “Changing behavior is going to be an integral part of achieving climate targets and, of course, urban design is the first way to affect and change behavior,” she said.
1. What can we know about Tengah from Paragraph 1?| A．It offers free cars to every resident. | B．It faces serious environmental problems. |
| C．It features a sustainable urban design. | D．It’s the first eco-town in Southeast Asia. |
| A．To predict climate change in the future. |
| B．To warn people not to use air conditioning. |
| C．To explain the importance of conserving energy. |
| D．To stress the necessity of adopting efficient cooling. |
| A．They will be able to check their energy usage. |
| B．They will be required to dispose of garbage on their own. |
| C．They will be involved in various competitive activities. |
| D．They will no longer be affected by the urban heat island effect. |
| A．Helps efficiently reduce carbon emissions. | B．Promotes changes in people’s behavior. |
| C．Encourages the decrease in energy consumption. | D．Brings more convenience to people’s lives. |
10 . The natural wilderness of the Antarctic is under threat because of the increasing number of tourists. They come to Antarctic to
Scientists worry that this
A major
As a result of the Norwegian
Whatever the
| A．hunt | B．preserve | C．train | D．observe |
| A．curiosity | B．courage | C．competence | D．encouragement |
| A．display | B．change | C．address | D．worsen |
| A．reform | B．growth | C．faith | D．investment |
| A．conclusion | B．promise | C．concern | D．decision |
| A．pollution | B．stress | C．conflict | D．inconvenience |
| A．Obviously | B．Generally | C．Surprisingly | D．Fortunately |
| A．large | B．heavy | C．strong | D．luxury |
| A．clean up | B．give up | C．hold up | D．build up |
| A．boiled | B．stored | C．coated | D．burned |
| A．exploration | B．accident | C．behavior | D．attitude |
| A．explanations | B．suggestions | C．arrangements | D．announcements |
| A．ban | B．claim | C．comment | D．debate |
| A．creatures | B．rocks | C．water | D．ice |
| A．debt | B．shape | C．position | D．trouble |
| A．lack for | B．call for | C．respond to | D．adjust to |
| A．benefits | B．purposes | C．solutions | D．challenges |
| A．allowing | B．governing | C．requiring | D．admitting |
| A．However | B．Therefore | C．Moreover | D．Otherwise |
| A．agree on | B．focus on | C．try on | D．catch on |
