增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last month, our school launched a campaign which intention was to promote environmental protection. The campaign last for one week. Firstly, there was a photo display to show the seriously pollution caused by human activities. Secondly, there was a lecture on many small step that we could take in our daily life protect the environment. For example, taking the bus and using the bike-sharing system would be a good way. Last but not the least, we students were encouraging to decorate our classrooms with recycled materials. Through the campaign, they have benefited a lot. We realize that it is our responsible to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet for future generations.
要求：1. 词数80左右；
2. 适当增加内容，以使行文顺畅。
Caring for the Environment Starts from Ourselves
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 . U.N. Report Warns Nature Crisis
A new U.N. report focuses on the negative effects of human activity on nature. It says one million plant and animal species on land, in the seas and in the sky are now in danger of extinction.
The problem can be fixed, the report says.
Professor Eduardo Brondizio of Indiana University is an author of the report. He says, “We all know what needs to be done. The knowledge is there.
| A．However, this requires considerable changes. |
| B．Over 120 wildlife species are facing extinction. |
| C．The 1,800-page report took three years to finish. |
| D．The report listed several causes for the situation. |
| E．There just needs to be a greater will to take action. |
| F．The report also finds that global goals for protecting nature cannot be met. |
4 . For animals that spend most of their lives in the high trees, gaps in the forest might as well be the Grand Canyon. These gaps are especially hard on gibbons (长臂猴); although larger males can leap across some gaps, females and the young can be cut off from food, companions, and even potential mates. Now, a new study suggests a couple of strong ropes could really help bridge the gap.
Gibbons are at risk of extinction across Southeast Asia, largely because of habitat loss. With about 30 individuals left, the Hainan gibbon is considered the rarest primate (灵长类) on Earth. All of these animals live on the Hainan Baw angling National Nature Reserve. In July 2014, a typhoon caused landslides across the reserve, creating gaps in the forest that were difficult for these primates to cross.
To help reconnect the habitats, professional tree climbers set up an artificial “bridge” made of two mountaineering-grade ropes across a 15-meter-wide valley. Nearly 6 months later, the gibbons started to use the bridge to cross the gap, researchers report today in Scientific Reports. The team documented 52 crossings of a group of eight gibbons, with most walking along one rope while holding on to the second rope for support, which the scientists named “handrail”. The gibbons also shimmied underneath the ropes using all arms and legs to the opposite side.
Conservationists previously built artificial bridges to help other species such as the Bornean orangutan and the Javan slow loris. But this is the first example of the rare Hainan gibbon using them. The rope bridges could be a short-term solution to reconnect disjointed (脱节的) habitats, the researchers argue. Combined with efforts to provide enough natural forest cover.
1. Why were rope bridges constructed according to the text？| A．To aid all gibbons to cross gaps. |
| B．To increase gibbons’ habitats. |
| C．To save gibbons from being endangered. |
| D．To provide food and company for gibbons. |
| A．Rarely are gibbons seen for the population decline. |
| B．Habitat loss was to blame for gibbons’ dying out. |
| C．Gibbons couldn’t cross gaps caused by a typhoon. |
| D．The natural disaster may have posed a threat to gibbons. |
| A．Lifted. | B．Grabbed. | C．Swung. | D．Spread. |
| A．The reasons for gibbons’ dying out | B．The importance of saving gibbons |
| C．The measures to save gibbons | D．The solution to gibbons’ habitat loss |
5 . Sugar cane (甘蔗) contains around 10% sugar. But that means it contains around 90% non-sugar — the material known as bagasse (甘蔗渣) which remains once the sugar-bearing juice has been squeezed out of the cane. World production of cane sugar was 185m tonnes in 2017. That results in a lot of bagasse.
At the moment, most of this is burned. Often, it fuels local generators, so it is not wasted. But Zhu Hongli, a mechanical engineer at Northeastern University in Boston thinks it can be put to better use. "With a bit of improvement bagasse makes an excellent replacement for the plastic used for disposable food containers such as coffee cups," says Dr. Zhu.
Dr. Zhu is not the first person to have this idea. But previous attempts tended not to survive contact with liquids. She thought she could overcome that by combining the bagasse pulp (浆状物) with another biodegradable (可生物降解的) material. She discovered that the main reason past efforts failed is that bagasse is composed of short fibres which are unable to give resilience (韧性) to the finished product. She therefore sought to insert a suitably long-fibred substance.
Bamboo seemed to fit the bill. It grows quickly, degrades readily and has appropriately long fibres. When the researchers mixed a small amount of bamboo pulp into bagasse, they found that the short and long fibres combined with each other closely.
To put their new material through its paces, Dr. Zhu and her colleagues fist poured hot oil onto it and found that their invention showed resistance to oil. They also found that when they made a cup out of the stuff and filled it with water heated almost to the boiling point, the cup remained good for more than two hours. Though this is not as long as a plastic cup would last it is long enough for all practical purposes. Moreover, the new material is twice as strong as the plastic used to make cups, and is definitely biodegradable. When Dr. Zhu buried a cup made out of it in the ground, half of it rotted away within two months.
1. What does paragraph l mainly talk about?| A．A big international market for cane sugar. | B．A plant containing a high content of sugar. |
| C．The large amount of world bagasse production. | D．The environmental impact of planting sugar cane. |
| A．They broke easily when wet. | B．They were non-biodegradable. |
| C．They consumed little bagasse. | D．They had too much resilience. |
| A．Avoid the attempts. | B．Meet the requirements. |
| C．Fill the vacancy. | D．Survive the environment. |
| A．It can satisfy basic usage needs. | B．It is hardly as strong as plastic cups. |
| C．It can disappear in two months if buried. | D．It is unlikely to be used as an oil container. |
6 . In a remote corner of Brazil's Amazon tropical（热带的）rainforest, researchers have spent decades catching and measuring birds. Over 40 years, dozens of Amazonian bird species have declined in mass（质量）. Many species have lost nearly 2% of their average body weight each decade, researchers report November 12 in Science Advances. Some species have grown longer wings. The changes could help birds stay cool in a hotter, more changeable climate, the researchers say.
"Climate change isn't something of the future. It has been happening and has effects we haven't thought of," says Ben Winger, an ornithologist（鸟类专家）at the University of Michigan, who wasn't involved in the research but has documented similar shrinkage（缩水）in migratory birds.
To see if non-migratory birds have also been shrinking, Jirinec and colleagues analyzed data collected from 1979 to 2019 in a remote region in the Amazon that spans 43km. The data include over 11,000 individual birds of 77 species as well as climate for the region.
All species declined in mass over this period, the researchers found. Species lost from about 0.1% to nearly 2% of their average body weight each decade. The motmot, for example, shrunk from 133g to about 127g over the study period.
These changes coincided with an overall increase in the average temperature of 1℃ in the wet season and 1.65%℃ in the dry season. Birds' mass decreased the most in a year or two after especially hot and dry seasons, which tracks with the idea that birds are getting smaller to deal with heat stress.
Wing length also grew for 61 species, with a maximum increase of 1% per decade. Jirinec thinks longer wings make for more efficient, and thus cooler, fliers.
"The Amazon rainforest is mysterious, remote and full of biodiversity," Jirined says. "This study suggests that even in places like this, far removed from civilization, you can see signatures of climate change."
1. What changes have happened to Amazonian birds over 40 years?| A．They have lost weight. | B．They have grown prettier. |
| C．They have become fewer. un | D．They have become larger. |
| A．Contrasted with. | B．Compared with. | C．Corresponded to | D．Contributed to. |
| A．Climate change | B．Food shortage. | C．Massive hunting | D．Scientific research |
| A．Researchers measuring birds in Amazon | B．Climate change shrinking tropical birds |
| C．Longer wings improving flying efficiency | D．Human activities damaging Amazon rainforest |
7 . We use a huge amount of single-use plastic each year-we buy one million plastic bottles each minute around the world.Plastic waste,a material that can take centuries or more to disappear, is causing great damage to the planet.However,plastic waste produced in many countries typically ends up in open, uncontrolled landfills(垃圾填埋池），most of which finally enters the ocean either by wind or through waterways.
Now,Nzambi Matee,a 29-year-old woman from Nairobi,Kenya,is dealing with this global, crisis by recycling bags,containers, and other waste products into bricks(砖头）used for construction projects.Before founding her company -Gjenge Makers,Matee worked as an oil-industry engineer.After seeing plastic waste along Nairobi's streets,she decided to quit her job and built a small lab,testing sand and plastic combinations(结合）Matee managed to study in the materials lab at the University of Colorado Boulder, where she in the end developed a machine that produces the new bricks.
Made from a combination of plastic and sand,the bricks have a melting point higher than 350℃ and can be used for a longer time than traditional bricks. Matee and her team gain much of the raw product from factories and recyclers, and sometimes it's free, which allows the company to reduce the price point on the product and make it more affordable for schools and homeowners.
“There is waste that recyclers cannot deal with anymore. That is what we get,”Matee said. Her factory produces 1,500 bricks each day,made from a mix of different kinds of plastic.These are polyethylene(聚乙烯）used for milk bottles,sandwich bags, and ropes. But she does not work with polyethylene terephthalate or PET,commonly used for plastic bottles,which can be made into the same form easily again and again.
The plastic waste is mixed with sand,heated and then pressed into bricks, which are sold at different prices,depending on thickness and colour.
1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly focus on?| A．The ways of finding single-use plastics. |
| B．Our dependence on single-use plastics. |
| C．The wide spread use of plastic products. |
| D．Our irresponsible behavior in using plastics. |
| A．Her job as an oil-industry engineer. |
| B．Her determination to go to university. |
| C．Her awareness of plastic waste problems. |
| D．Her research project in the university lab. |
| A．They take less time to make. |
| B．They bear much more weight. |
| C．They stay in good condition longer. |
| D．They change their colors more easily. |
| A．They are easy to recycle. |
| B．They are few in number. |
| C．They are mixed with sand. |
| D．They are difficult to deal with. |
8 . To understand the effect of ice melting (融化) around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is. Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica (南极洲) and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age. These sheets form in areas where snow that falls in winter does not melt entirely over the summer. This ice, home to different species of animals, is now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it currently holds.
Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland in search of other land on which to live. Often this means journeys to search for food and an imbalanced ecosystem happens when different species are forced together onto the coast.
Since the 1990s, the deer population has dropped by 56 per cent—climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals. A similar situation has fallen on the polar bears who suffered a 40 per cent population loss between 2001—2010.
Quite apart from these problems, the threat of sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is approaching. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise around six meters, and if the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by around 20 feet. As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly small amount has already caused dangerous flooding, loss of farmland and more deadly storms.
While we’re still a long way from losing the ice sheets all together, we’ve already lost too much and if we don’t take climate change seriously now, we will certainly hit the point of no return.
1. What is an ice sheet according to the passage?| A．It is an area where ice never melts in summer. |
| B．It is a land of ice that covers all Greenland. |
| C．It is a large area of ice that exists for centuries. |
| D．It is an ice world for animals to live on. |
| A．It makes it easier to travel to other land. |
| B．It increases the population of sea animals. |
| C．It makes their surroundings more comfortable. |
| D．It causes hunger and illness among animals. |
| A．Ice sheet will soon disappear from the Earth. |
| B．Sea levels are rising faster in recent years. |
| C．Greenland will be the first to lose all its ice. |
| D．All natural disasters happen due to sea level rise. |
| A．Effect of Melting Ice Sheets | B．Ice, Sea and Animals |
| C．Greenland and Antarctica | D．Changes of Sea Levels |
| A. neighbouring；B. concerned；C. complete；D. earnest；E. fats F. maintenance；G. notably；H. operations；I. regularly；J. specifics；K. shift |
A good grilling
As they reopen after lockdown, many restaurants are firing up their barbecues. Diners appreciate food grilled over glowing charcoal embers, but the
The researchers tested a commercial grill,
The researchers are investigating which extraction systems best protect all the people
Meanwhile, Dr Aleysa’s team have come up with their own solution: a new kind of grill, which they reckon can cut pollutants by 90%. Dr Aleysa is reluctant to go into
An industrial partner is keen to put the grill into production. It could go on sale by the middle of next year. It will cost a bit more than a standard grill, says Dr Aleysa. But he believes that would be offset by lower
10 . China is expected to restructure its industry and energy mix during the 14th Five-Year Plan period（2021-2025）to lay a solid foundation for peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030, a climate change expert has said.
The best possible situation is that China will achieve zero growth in coal consumption during the period, and see usage peak and begin to decline by 2025, according to He Jiankun, deputy director of China's national expert committee on climate change.
During the period, China should promote the development of the digital, high-tech and modern services industries, while the expansion of high energy-consuming industries such as the steel and chemical industries should be controlled, said the expert.
That is because China is still in the industrialization and urbanization stage and requires significant infrastructure construction, He added, noting that a large portion of carbon emissions in China are created during the building process rather than being a result of the people's consumption needs.
The adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure will be promoted so that energy consumption per unit of GDP will drop rapidly and total energy consumption growth will be controlled, He said.
China has announced that it will make efforts to bring carbon dioxide emissions to a peak before 2030 and become carbon neutral(中和)before 2060.
The carbon emissions target means a nationwide peak by the deadline, but at the regional level, the progress will surely be staggered given differences in resources and economic development stages, said He, stressing the need to take a diverse and inclusive approach that coordinates(协调)emission cuts with development.
Relatively developed regions in east China are expected to be among the first to reach a peak as they take the lead in economic transformation, and another group of front-runners will be from the country's renewable energy-rich southwest, said He.
Since the carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets were set, local governments have engaged in making plans at the provincial and city level, the expert said.
He urged local authorities to "suppress the impulse" to expand capacity in energy-intensive heavy and chemical industries, and speed up the formation of a green, low-carbon circular industrial system.
1. What are the two goals of 2030 and 2060 respectively?| A．Peak carbon emission and achieve carbon neutrality. |
| B．Suppress the impulse to expand and boost the green system |
| C．Adjust the industrial structure and upgrade the structure |
| D．Relieve poverty and achieve the whole nation's well-being. |
| A．speed up in efficiency | B．influence positively | C．perform slowly | D．vary in time |
| A．China will promote low-carbon industries. | B．China will improve its industrial structure. |
| C．China will control the development of heavy industry | D．China will put emission cuts first in its development. |
| A．Fashion | B．Reader's Digest | C．China Daily | D．Science Magazine |
