【推荐2】Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.

Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put out another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.

This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾) don’t work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.

It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(诊察) difficult.

Kidney’s main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain.

Research shows that more than 25 percent of patients found to require dialysis (透析) do not see a kidney specialist until less than 90 days before dialysis starts. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.

1. The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ________.

A．it’s safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste

B．it doesn’t matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time

C．it’s important for our body to empty the waste in time every day

D．our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently

2. The underlined word “insidious” (in Paragraph 3) means ________.

A．gradual and unnoticed	B．apparent and fast
C．smooth and safe	D．painful and long

3. We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, ________.

A．the kidney failure begins

B．the kidneys may have been seriously damaged

C．we have lost about 10 percent of kidney function

D．the kidneys can still work properly

4. How many factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

5. Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage?

A．Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.

B．Go to see a kidney specialist whenever you find any warning sign.

C．Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.

D．Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.

【推荐3】Each year there are at least five million people around the world who develop serious flu (流感), and almost half a million deaths. When someone we know gets the flu virus, we expect them to be very careful not to pass it on to others. Doctors and nurses working with flu patients also need to protect themselves from the virus. But what is the best way to do this? This is the question that flu expert Professor Jonathan

Van-Tam at Nottingham University is trying to answer. He wants to find out how flu is transmitted, so that he can stop doctors and nurses getting sick.

Van-Tam explains their method, "There are 41 volunteers in my experiment. Some healthy volunteers are made to get flu first. When they show symptoms   (症状 )   , other volunteers, usually called recipients(接受者), enter the house. Everyone lives together in the small space for four days. Some of the recipients wear face masks, and wash their hands every 15 minutes, but some have no protection. In this way we can study who catches the flu and which ways of transmitting flu are important. During the four days when they are in contact with the virus, and for the ten days after that, the flu recipients are checked regularly."

The experiment is not simple and it is very expensive. It is difficult to design correctly, and it is also difficult to plan and carry out. Just one study like this takes about 18 months to organize and needs hundreds of people working on it. But Van-Tam believes it is worth because the results will help to decide what type of protection is needed for people working in hospitals with large numbers of flu patients around the world. And perhaps it could reduce the number of deaths from flu each year.

1. Which word can replace the underlined word “transmitted" in paragraph l ?

A．solved

B．passed

C．formed

D．stopped

2. What is the main purpose of this study?

A．to test the medicines for people who develop serious flu

B．to find the best way to protect doctors and nurses from the flu.

C．to reduce the number of people who die of flu

D．to find out who gets the flu easily

3. According to the text, which of the statements is true?

A．This type of study lasted 18 months.

B．The experiment is neither simple nor expensive.

C．Recipients were divided into at least 2 groups to perform the experiment.

D．Wearing masks was the best way to protect people from getting flu

【推荐1】The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and havechildren, concluded as a“lying down”lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.

Many millennials(千禧一代)and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes and financial pressure, have pushed them“against the wall”. They said they hate the“involution(内卷)”, joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.

“Instead of always following the’virtues’of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear thestresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis(宣泄)and adjustment,”said ascholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to house costs today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”

Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, whoclaim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, admitted that they only accept a temporarylying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youths have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear toomuch hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who liedown always feel guilty about their constant loss of confidence in pursuing the dreams beyondtheir reach.

“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, butmost of us have refused to set ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,”apostgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’and face the reality sooner or later.”

1. What might have caused the“lying down”lifestyle among the young?

A．Growing pressure from family and social life.

B．Improvements in living conditions.

C．Increasing material possessions from families.

D．Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.

2. What does the underlined word in Para.2 probably mean?

A．Discussion.

B．Argument.

C．Meeting.

D．Agreement.

3. What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the“lying down”group?

A．Understanding.

B．Objective.

C．Supportive.

D．Unclear.

4. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?

A．They would rather escape than take challenges.

B．They really enjoy the“lying down”lifestyle.

C．They find their dreams far beyond their reach.

D．They never really drop their responsibilities.

【推荐2】My sister and I were taught at a very early age to write thank-you letters for birthday and Christmas gifts. We carefully copied addresses from our mom’s address book into our own pretty little books, and a new box of stationery（信笺，信封）was always among my gifts under the tree. We wrote our letters on December 26 at the latest every year. It was an important tradition in our home, and it has turned me into an avid（热情）thank-you-letter writer as an adult.

I still send a great deal of personal mail, and I am extremely interested in all of the trappings of letter writing: unique stamps, beautiful stationery, fountain pens（自来水笔）. I feel a mad rush of satisfaction sticking a stamp on a carefully penned thank-you letter and sending it off in the mail.

Several years ago, I even sent my mom a thank-you letter to thank her for teaching me to count my blessings on paper. Sending letters of thanks out into the world has made me more grateful for the love, support and kindness I receive daily.

My father died when I was twenty-seven. Even then, I found comfort in writing letters of thanks for the gifts of words I received. At a time when all I wanted to do was retreat（退缩）into my own sadness, the act of giving thanks forced me to stay connected to the world and to the lives of the living.

And while it may seem unimportant, my belief in well-written thank-you letters has protected my popularity. Since real thank-you letters are extremely few and far between, my social graces（风度）are considered as a charming difference from other people, and my friends and family always seem truly moved by my efforts.

1. What can we learn about the author’s family?

A．Her family liked to collect stationery.

B．Her family had a thank-you-letter writing tradition.

C．She often copied addresses for her mother.

D．They wrote thank-you letters on Dec 26.

2. How did the author feel when writing thank-you letters?

A．Satisfied.

B．Tired.

C．Excited.

D．Bored.

3. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?

A．The author felt happy to receive gifts from others.

B．The author’s father died when she was very young.

C．Writing thank-you letters made the author lead an active life.

D．Writing thank-you letters forced the author to talk with others.

4. What does the author intend to tell us?

A．Expressing thanks can protect what we have.

B．Receiving thank-you letters is truly moving.

C．Writing thank-you letters is difficult work.

D．Being grateful can help gain the respect.

【推荐1】Scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. New research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death.

The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle, said physicist Otto Sankey of Arizona State University. “If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”

Recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill certain viruses. However, locating these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. Experiments must try various conditions, Sankey said.

To further this search, Sankey and his student Eric Dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. From this, they can determine the lowest resonant frequencies. An experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. Sankey said, “Like pushing a child on a swing from rest, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”

However, it is difficult to calculate what sort of push will kill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. A direct calculation of each atom’s movements would take several hundred thousand Gigabytes of computer memory, Sankey explained.

The team plans to use their technique to study other, more complicated viruses. However, it is still a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “This is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” Sankey said. “We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”

1. What is the new way to kill viruses?

A．Replacing viruses’ capsids with shells.

B．Breaking viruses’ capsids by vibration.

C．Locating the position of certain viruses.

D．Damaging the conditions that viruses like.

2. Why does Sankey mention “pushing a child on a swing” in Paragraph 4?

A．To prove how simple the new theory is.

B．To explain how to start the virus shaking.

C．To suggest the idea comes from our real life.

D．To show the destructive power of vibrations.

3. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A．The shell structure of viruses.

B．The lack of computer memory.

C．The challenging part of the research.

D．The importance of atoms’ movement.

4. What is Sankey’s attitude towards the theory?

A．Disapproving.	B．Worried.
C．Uncaring.	D．Positive.

【推荐2】China will have the most 5G connections of any nation by 2025, according to a new study, while Europe will fall behind Korea, the United States and Japan in terms of 5G penetration (渗透) by that year.

5G is the fifth generation of network technology. It is expected to bring unbelievable speeds to Internet users, with some operations running 10 times faster than on 4G networks. 5G is also expected to unlock the potential in a lot of new services, including artificial intelligence, science of robots, self-driving cars, and the Internet of things.

The GSMA said that China’s three major mobile operators — China Unicom, China Mobile, and China Telecom—are already moving ahead with 5G networks. While most nations will have 5G by updating existing foundations, the study noted that China plans to build part of its 5G networks.

A One of the major distinguishing factors between Chinese mobile operators and those in the rest of the world is the intention to erect the new and independent 5G networks. That is, China is determined to build a completely advanced 5G. The high cost underlines China’s seriousness about paying whatever it takes.

Korea will lead the world in terms of 5G penetration in 2025, when 66 percent of the nation’s total connections will be 5G, according to GSMA. This compares to 50 percent in the US,49 percent in Japan, 36 percent in China, 30 percent in Europe, and a global average of 18 percent. Out of the five economies leading on 5G, Europe will have the lowest participation in 2025, as the area is moving more slowly in having its 5G networks.

1. What will 5G bring?

A．A completely new pattern for daily life.

B．Excellent networks and national safety.

C．Amazing speeds for public transportation.

D．Realizing the potential in many new services.

2. What is the future of 5G in China?

A．It will develop rapidly.	B．It may be lack of government support.
C．It will move forward slowly.	D．It may fall behind Europe.

3. Which of the following best explains “erect” underlined in paragraph 4?

A．bring up.	B．set up.
C．turn up.	D．pick up.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Some Chinese will use 5G in 2025.

B．Koreans cannot own 5G in 2025.

C．Only five countries will have 5G in 2025.

D．Europe will pay little attention to 5G in 2025.

【推荐3】It often happens that a number of applicants with almost identical qualifications and experience all apply for the same position. In their educational background, special skills and work experience, there is little, if anything, to choose between half a dozen candidates. How then does the employer make a choice? Usually on the basis of an interview.

There are many arguments about the interview as a selection procedure. One argument is that it gives rise to a wholly subjective decision. As often as not, employers do not choose the best candidate, but the one who makes a good first impression on them. Some employers, of course, reply to this argument by saying that they have become so experienced in interviewing staff that they are able to make a sound assessment of each candidate’s likely performance. Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to be very unsatisfactory employees.

Those in favour of the interview insist that the well-structured procedure is valid in assessing a candidate’s ability, an essential guarantee for the future job. They also argue that an employer is concerned not only with a candidate’s ability, but with the suitability of his or her personality for the particular work situation. Many employers, for example, will overlook occasional inefficiencies from their secretary so long as she has a pleasant personality. Perhaps the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of each candidate but to make a guess at the more intangible things, such as personality and social ability.

Today, interview is still a common section of the entire selection procedure, though different employers have different standards for competence. Generally speaking, candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful; direct and straight-forward in their questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; and sincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who interview badly tend to be at either end of the spectrum of human behaviour. They are either very shy or over-confident. They show either a lack of enthusiasm or an excess of it. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either over-polite or rudely abrupt.

1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Employers are experienced in assessing the interviewees’ performance.

B．Interview is not always recognized as a sensible way to choose employees.

C．The interview helps the employers to pick the desired employees.

D．The remarkable candidates often distinguish themselves in an interview.

2. Which may not be considered in an interview?

A．Personality	B．Communication skills
C．Background	D．Capability

3. What is the author’s attitude towards the interview as a selection procedure?

A．Supportive	B．Negative
C．Objective	D．Unconcerned

4. The last paragraph indicates _________________.

A．a link between success in interview and character

B．connections between work abilities and character

C．differences in interview experience

D．differences in personal behaviour

【推荐1】As far back as the age of dinosaurs millions of years ago, turtles(海龟) wandered around the Earth. Even nowadays, it is generally assumed that turtles are the world's steadiest creature.

However, a new research shows 61 percent of the 356 species of turtles are already threatened or no longer exist. The destruction of their homes, disease, climate change and other reasons have caused their population to drop sharply. In a new study published in the journal BioScience, a team of scientists from various institutions claims that turtles are one of the most threatened among the major vertebrate(脊椎动物) groups.

This could, the authors say, have serious consequences for the ecology. Turtles contribute to the health of many environments, including desert, wetland, freshwater and marine ecosystems, and the decline may lead to bad effects on other species, including humans, they explain. Whit Gibbons, seruor author and professor at the Utuversity of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, says in a statement that the intention of the study is to inform people about the vital ecological roles of turtles.

One of the important qualities of turtles is how diverse they are when it comes to food. This allows them to have a major impact on food webs of their homes all over the world. In some areas, the density(密度) of the turtle population makes them an important part of the ecosystem. With their gathering, other species that feed on them and their eggs are sure to have a large pool of food.

For plants, turtles are also extremely important as they distribute the seeds of many plant species. When they eat some seeds are not destroyed by the digestive process and instead make their way out of the animals' body. Some turtles are the main dispersal(传播 ) agents of certain plants and their seeds.

These are only a few yet very vital roles that turtles play in the ecological landscape. Unfortunately, many species are in serious decline and in danger of disappearing completely.

1. What does the new study aim to do?

A．To save the grand vertebrate groups on earth.          .

B．To warn people of turtles' terrible situation.

C．To make the importance of turtles' roles known.

D．To claim turtles may be related to dinosaurs.

2. How might the disappearance of turtles influence certain plants?

A．Speed up these plants' disappearing.

B．Put an end to these plants' seeds spreading.

C．Allow more. seeds to grow into plants.

D．Give these plants no chance of survival.        .

3. Which of the following shows the structure of the text?
I:Introduction P:Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点 ) C:Conclusion

A．	B．
C．	D．

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Turtles Are Sure to Stop Existing.

B．The Ecology Will Change with Turtles.

C．Decline of Turtles Threatens the World.

D．Turtles' Dying Out Worldwide Matters a Lot.

【推荐2】The term ''helicopter parents'' refers to ''a style of parents who are over focused on their children''.

Helicopter parents are always making a big effort to provide children with every opportunity to succeed, from baby steps at age I, homework at age 8, college application at age 18, employment issues at age 25 to family problems at age 30, 40 or even older. They constantly (不断地) shadow the child, always directing his behavior, allowing him zero alone time.

Helicopter parenting can develop for a number of reasons. Worries about the economy, the job market, and the world in general can push parents toward taking more control over their children’s life in an attempt to protect them. Adults who felt unloved or ignored as children can overcompensate (对……补偿过多) with their own children. When parents see other over-involved parents, it can cause a similar response. They feel that if they don t involve themselves in their children’s lives, they are bad parents.

The main problem with helicopter parenting is that it can backfire. To give an example, the house where Mary lived with roommates was broken into and things were stolen. Mary called the landlord to install (安装) an alarm system, but before she could finish the negotiations (协商), her mother rushed in and demanded action. ''I felt like my mother ruined my communication with our landlord. We could have gotten it done ourselves. She was well intended but only made me feel annoyed and defeated, '' says Mary.

Obviously, overparenting is motivated with the idea of doing good things but it does the exact opposite. In the long run parents are in fact damaging their child's basic skills to deal with matters independently. It makes the child feel lacking in confidence, less competent in dealing with the stresses of life on their own. They're winning the battle, but in fact losing the war.

1. What's the purpose of helicopter parents’ overparenting?

A．To make their children not ignored.

B．To help their children find a good job.

C．To do something good for their children.

D．To get rid of the pressure from other parents.

2. What does the underlined word ''backfire'' in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Make an unwanted effect.	B．Get a lot of support.
C．Set fire in the backyard.	D．Help to be independent.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Children who have helicopter parents live a hard life.

B．Helicopter parenting only happens to very young children.

C．Helicopter parents do their children great harm in the long run.

D．Helicopter parents can protect their children against all problems.

4. What will possibly be discussed in the following paragraph?

A．The bad effects of helicopter parenting.

B．How we can avoid being helicopter parents.

C．Different opinions about helicopter parenting.

D．The reasons for the development of helicopter parents.

【推荐3】Many parents worry that showing negative emotions in front of their children will cause them to suffer. For example, children may end up thinking it's their fault or simply "catch" the emotion. Indeed, this worry has a sound basis — the phenomenon of “emotional contagion"（情绪感染）is real, and one recent study found that parents can transfer their fear of going to the dentist, for example, to their children.

On the other hand, there is the natural idea that we should “be real" with our children, and that they will benefit from watching a parent who struggles and eventually deals with their negative emotions like any other human being.

There are three concepts to consider when it comes to emotional display in front of children: suppression （压抑），"uncontained" expression, and talking about emotions. Suppression of emotion is when you hide the outward signs of an emotion. Unfortunately, it doesn't work very well — the act of suppressing your emotion actually increases your blood pressure. Observers can pick up on your distress despite your efforts to hide it, making them feel stressed. The recent research has also found that when parents feel negative emotions and keep them from their children, they experience lower relationship quality and decreased responsiveness to their child's needs.

On the other hand, “uncontained" expression of anger and sadness by the parent is also not salutary for the child. Uncontained means high intensity emotion, with no attempts to regulate or take ownership of it. Shouting, smashing （摔）things and blaming someone else for "making you angry" are all example of this .

So, what is the middle ground? That would be talking about emotion taking ownership of them and showing your child that you are trying to deal with them. Classic research found that six-year-old kids had better emotional understanding and perspective-taking skills if their mothers had talked to them about their emotions at the age of three. In fact, the more the mothers had talked, the better the outcome would be.

So next time you feel sad, angry or frustrated and your child is watching you expressing emotion, do explain what's going on in terms they can understand.

1. The author uses the example of going to the dentist mainly to _______.

A．explain parents' common fear

B．introduce the topic of negative emotions

C．show children may catch parents' emotions

D．present the consequences of transferring negative emotions

2. If a mother suppresses （(压抑)）her emotions, .

A．she will not make her kids feel stressed

B．she can hide her emotions from her kids

C．she will often shout at her kids for no reasons

D．she can't respond effectively to her kids' needs

3. What does the underlined word "salutary" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Enough.	B．Beneficial.
C．Necessary.	D．Reliable.

4. What is the author's intention of writing this text?

A．To encourage parents to "be real" with our children.

B．To call on parents to develop a positive attitude to life.

C．To inform parents of the consequences of negative emotions.

D．To recommend parents to talk about negative emotions with children.

5. What's the structure of the text?

A．	B．
C．	D．