Rachel sat on the back steps, pounding her fist into her softball (垒球) glove and staring at the old tire swing in the backyard. Tryouts for the softball team were next week, and she desperately needed someone to act as catcher while she worked on her pitching (投，击). Unfortunately her father was away on business, and her mother was embroiled in final exams. Her mother was so wrapped up in studying that she barely had time to eat. Rachel wondered what to do as she woefully stoked her dog Kit.
Her grandfather came around the comer of the house and stopped when he saw Rachel. “Why the long face?” he asked. “Pitching tryouts are next week. Grandpa,” she explained. “And I need to be in top form-four girls are trying out for only three pitching positions. But there's no one around who can practice with me.” She tossed the softball to Kit, who smartly leapt into the air and easily caught the ball with her teeth. Kit eagerly ran back to Rachel and placed the ball at her feet.
Grandpa offered to help. Rachel swallowed hard. Her grandfather had injured his hip and had to stay in a wheelchair now. She certainly didn't want to cause him further injury by hurling fast pitches at him, but how could she refuse his offer without hunting him?
Her grandfather slowly moved his wheelchair into the backyard and told Rachel to stand where he pointed. Rachel obeyed quickly, and Kit followed her. “Take a look at that tire swing. Rachel. It looks like the batter's (击球手) strike zone, wouldn't you say?” asked her grandfather. Rachel eyed the swing and nodded slowly. She said, “So if my pitch makes it through the tire, I'm almost certainly throwing a strike. Everything else is probably outside the strike zone.” Her grandfather smiled and added, “We can always raise or lower the tire to simulate (模拟) the strike zones of taller or shorter batters.” “But what about a catcher?” asked Rachel. “I don't want to keep fetching my own pitches.” “I've got the perfect solution to your problem,” said her grandfather, who moved forward to throw Rachel's softball across the yard. “Go get it, Kit!” he shouted. The excellent dog ran after the ball, picked it up in her jaws, end bounded back with her prize. Rachel gave him a grateful hug and said, “Grandpa, I think my chances of making the team just improved one hundred per cent!”
1. The word “embroiled” in the first paragraph means __________.| A．involved | B．replaced | C．confused | D．served |
| A．the dog | B．jaws | C．softball | D．food |
| A．She will get back Rachel's pitches. | B．She will play with Rachel’s grandfather. |
| C．She will jump through the tire swing. | D．She will cheer Rachel playing. |
| A．She has no one to talk to. | B．She has to take care of her grandfather. |
| C．She is busy with final exams. | D．She needs to practice her pitching. |
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【推荐1】We’ve all heard the stories of an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hard life, working part-time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. Shelby, the star of “A Dog’s Way Home”, has an unfortunate tale that could top them all. Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal.
Shelby’s big break came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was driving in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Out on an unrelated call, Buhler spotted and approached what she recalled was a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump. “I knelt down and just said, ‘Oh, come here, baby,’” said Buhler. “She was so scared, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” They headed to the county animal shelter, where the staff began calling the new resident Baby Girl.
Buhler and others didn’t know that 3,200 kilometers away, Hollywood was looking for a dog to play Bella in a film written by Cathryn Michon. The find-a-Bella job went to freelance trainer Teresa Ann Miller. Her mission was to search shelters nationwide for a dog that could play Bella. One day, Miller spotted Baby Girl’s adoption photo. “Honestly, it was a really good picture, and she was flat-out smiling,” Miller said. Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on personality and the ability to respond to simple commands. After assessment, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, renamed her Shelby and took her to California for training. Miller and Shelby had trained for just over three months before filming began. Then they were together each day on the set.
Most of the film’s reviews have praised Shelby’s performance. Variety made the comments “an amazing dog, perfect performance!”
Shelby has come a long way from the garbage dump. But Buhler said when she saw Shelby recently she just needed only a second to compare the movie star with the dog she found from piles of trash. “She’s exactly the same,” Buhler said.
1. Why does the author mention an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough at the very beginning?| A．To clearly point out the main idea of the passage. |
| B．To attract reader’s attention by giving dramatic examples. |
| C．To introduce a dog’s similar but even more striking experiences. |
| D．To make a sharp contrast between an actor’s struggle and a dog’s struggle. |
| A．Her adoption picture. | B．Her personality and ability. |
| C．Her flat-out smiling. | D．Her miserable experiences. |
| A．The dog looked sad as before. |
| B．The dog was really excited to live such a happy life. |
| C．The dog returned to the piles of trash where she found it. |
| D．The dramatic change of the dog’s life hasn’t changed her inner quality. |
| A．The Trainer and Her Star Dog. | B．Shelby’s Unfortunate Story. |
| C．From a Landfill Puppy to a Movie Star. | D．The Success of “A Dog’s Way Home”. |
【推荐2】Jason’s mother sat him down at the dinner table one Saturday afternoon to a feast he could not believe. In front of him were his three favourite desserts.
As Jason wondered what he had done to deserve them, his mother spoke, “Son, you see your favourite desserts, right?” Jason nodded.
His mother continued, “Now, I have some good news and some bad news for you. And then you get to make a decision. The good news is that you get to choose one of these three desserts to eat.”
So, that was it? He could only eat one.
“The bad news is that I have put poison in one of the three desserts,” Jason’s mother said. “The poison is so poisonous that it will kill you in a matter of minutes. It will be painful and there is no antidote (解药). If you don’t die immediately, you will know that you have chosen well.”
Jason’s mouth dropped open. “You’re joking, right?”
“No, son,” his mother replied. “I’m serious. Now, which dessert do you choose? You have ten seconds.”
“This is crazy,” shouted Jason. “I don’t need ten seconds! Only a fool would eat any of the desserts now that you’ve said eating one may kill him.”
Jason’s mother nodded in agreement. “That’s right,” she said. “Only a fool would take a one-in-three chance of eating something that could kill him, even if it tasted really great.” Then his mother lifted a package of cigarettes and put them on the table. “Tell me then,” she continued, “why would a teenager ever smoke one of these terrible things when the chance of dying from smoking-related illness is one in three?”
Jason’s face turned red. This has become one of the most important lessons for him. He would never choose a poisonous cake as well as a cigarette.
1. It made Jason surprised one Saturday afternoon that his mother________.| A．prepared his favourite food for him |
| B．told him some good news |
| C．found he was smoking |
| D．asked him to cook meals |
| A．Whether to eat the desserts. |
| B．Whether to choose to kill himself. |
| C．Whether to give up smoking. |
| D．Whether to listen to the bad news. |
| A．Jason may choose a poisonous cake. |
| B．Jason will give up smoking. |
| C．Jason’s mother will eat the poisonous cake. |
| D．Jason will be addicted to cigarettes. |
| A．persuade teenagers not to smoke |
| B．prove the cleverness of a mother |
| C．show the reason for teenagers’ smoking |
| D．discuss smoking-related diseases |
Robert Armstrong’s favorite food has been his grandma’s cookies ever since he was a child.
Years later and armed with a business degree, Armstrong, 28, is turning his grandma’s cookie recipe into a national brand, G. Mommas Southern Style Cookies, featuring chocolate chip pecan(美洲山核桃) and “buddascotch” oatmeal(燕麦片) flavors.
In February, California-based specialty retailer(零售店), Cost Plus World-Market, with 265 stores in 31 states selling home decor(装饰), food and drink, started selling the cookies. They will also be in 800 Cracker Barrel stores this fall.
After graduating from college in 2008 and unable to find a job, Robert Armstrong asked his grandmother, Anice Morris Armstrong, to teach him how to bake, which he thought would take an afternoon.
“It was harder than college,” he said.
With basic cooking tools and an oven in an abandoned kitchen, he set up his own business, Selma Good, and began producing cookies in an old warehouse. Baking 10 to 12 hours a day, he managed to deliver cookies to 35 stores. His grandmother helped him develop the “buddascotch” recipe before her death, aged 88, last July. “She inspirited me in ways no one else ever could,” said Armstrong.
He reached out via LinkedIn, a website, to a national distributor, who asked for samples. Within a year, he found a commercial bakery in Pennsylvania and a deal to go national with World Market. “Everybody has a grandma recipe, but I was lucky to find people that would take a chance on me,” Armstrong said. “They’re crunchy, but light, like feathers, and taste extremely good,” said Judy McKinny at Mark’s Market, one of Armstrong’s first retail customers in his hometown of Selma, Alabama.
World Market is ordering two cases per store each quarter, a huge leap from the 9,000 bags he made himself per quarter.
His goal is to one day move production back to his native Selma to help its development. Selma has struggled economically since the closure of a candy factory several years ago.
1. What did Robert major in when he was in college? (1 word)2. Why did Robert choose to bake after his graduation? (no more than 10 words)
3. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 6? (1 word)
4. What does Robert owe his success to according to Paragraph 7? (no more than 10 words)
5. What did your grandma teach you? Please explain. (no more than 30 words)
【推荐1】The 3M Young Scientist Challenge gives students in grades 5-8 the chance to change their world for the better with a single innovative idea. This premier science competition is a one-of-a-kind project-based learning opportunity designed to encourage creativity, cooperation, and connection for students from every background.
Entering the Challenge
Inspire scientific exploration and innovation in any learning environment with comprehensive challenge resources that guide students through the submission process.
● Kickstart student entries with easy-to-use challenge tools.
The 3M Young Scientist Challenge encourages students to solve everyday problems using science and innovation.
● Ensure student submissions are ready to go.
Students will be asked to create a 1-2 minute video in which they describe an innovation or an original solution that could solve or impact an everyday problem that directly affects them, their families, their communities, and/or the global population.
Rules & Prizes
Grand Prize Winner $25,000
Title of “America’s Top Young Scientist”
Top 10 Finalists $1,000
Unique Summer Mentorship with a 3M Scientist
Honorable Mention Winners
Certificate (one per grade awarded)
Improving Lives Award Winner $2,000
Awarded to the Finalist with most votes during public voting window
Timeline
Challenge Opens
December 7, 2022
Challenge Closes
April 27, 2023
Finalist and State Merit Winner Announcements
June 2023
Final Event
October 2023
Winners Announced
October 2023
1. Which of the following does the 3M Young Scientist Challenge boost?| A．Ambition. | B．Courage. | C．Innovation. | D．Patience. |
| A．They are students of grades 5-8. |
| B．They have to submit a video of three minutes. |
| C．They are required to solve personal problems. |
| D．They are sure to get prize money and certificates. |
| A．December 7, 2022 | B．April 27, 2023. | C．June 2023. | D．October 2023. |
【推荐2】Personality is , to large extent, inherent (天生的). A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring (产物). But the environment must also have a big effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer! ”.
By far the worst form of competition in school is the improper emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into ‘B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
1. What affects the building of personality according to the passage?| A．inheritance, employment and examination. |
| B．inheritance, competition and environment. |
| C．competition, employment and questions. |
| D．environment, knowledge and examination. |
| A．abstract | B．accept |
| C．absorb | D．accomplish |
| A．express the positive attitude toward the examinations |
| B．express his approval for the competition |
| C．show that he was too keen to win the game |
| D．show the consequence of the severe competition |
| A．positive. | B．negative. |
| C．doubtful. | D．acceptable. |
| A．All students at schools should be made into competitive A types. |
| B．A child’s personality be considered according to his possible future job. |
| C．All students should be changed into B characteristics. |
| D．All kinds of schools should get rid of all examinations. |
There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax, right? City life is strained, but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one if you want!
Here you will also get to taste all the delicious South African food. You can choose from Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place to tour with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the streets. Tourists and even the local villagers just can’t get enough of these treats!
However, it is important that you make the necessary arrangements. There are actually lots of tour guides that will help you as you make your journey along the streets of Durban. But if you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, then you’d better choose the Street Scene Tours. Their staff are all well-trained and professional. They will certainly make your stay here an unforgettable one. No wonder tourists prefer the Street Scene Tours when it comes to Durban City Tours.
1. The underlined word“strained”in Para. 2 means ______.
| A．easy | B．stressful | C．relaxing | D．wonderful |
| A．Durban is relaxing city. |
| B．People don’t like city life. |
| C．It is good to have a place to relax. |
| D．One can have fun riding elephants. |
| A．Tourists from all over the world. |
| B．The buildings and many kinds of animals. |
| C．The streets and some wandering elephants. |
| D．The friendly local people and the scenery. |
| A．The food can’t satisfy them. |
| B．They are bored with the streets. |
| C．They are treated very well here. |
| D．never get tired of the sights. |
【推荐1】Today, at 28, the young German violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter is at the top. “She gives radiance (光辉) to music,” wrote Geoffrey Norris in The Daily Telegraph, London.
Born in Rheinfelden on June 29, 1963, Anne-Sophie grew up in Wehr, a small town just five kilometers from the Swiss border. Her father, Karl Wilhelm Mutter, and her mother, Gerlinde, considered music lessons part of a good education. It came as no surprise when Anne-Sophie said she wanted a violin for her fifth birthday.
Her parents thought she was too young for the violin, and persuaded her to start on the piano. But Anne-Sophie has always had a mind of her own. “I longed to play the violin,” she says, “it seemed to me a much more interesting instrument.” After six months, her parents gave in.
The famous violin teacher Erna Honigberfer, who lived nearby, became Annie-Sophie’s tutor. After only nine months of lessons, she entered the sixyearold in a nationwide competition for young musicians. With Christoph accompanying her on the piano, Anne-Sophie won first prize.
In 1974, Erna Honigberfer died. Anne-Sophie’s new teacher was Aida Stucki. She taught Anne-Sophie to develop her own ideas on how a piece should be played, not just to imitate others. This is one of the violinist’s strongest and most distinctive characteristics today.
Though the Mutters were short of money at times, they limited their daughter’s performances to once or twice a year. “We are glad we went the family road,” says her father. “No outsider can ever have an effect on our daughter’s career or push her into playing more concerts than she wants to.” Later she was allowed to give six to eight concerts a year and make some recordings.
1. Anne-Sophie’s career dates back to .| A．the late 1960s | B．1974 |
| C．the late 1970s | D．her fifth birthday |
| A．limited to twice or three times a year |
| B．accompanied on the piano by Christoph |
| C．highly praised throughout the world |
| D．appreciated by professors in London |
| A．She had two famous violin teachers. |
| B．She has always had a mind of her own. |
| C．She wanted a violin for her fifth birthday. |
| D．Violin seemed to her a much more interesting instrument. |
| A．children should learn music |
| B．money is not everything |
| C．Anne-Sophie was too young to give concerts |
| D．parents have a great effect upon their children |
【推荐2】When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States, Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself, “I would never sit back in rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.” No one could have had a more active old age.
She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. At 12, she left home and was in domestic service until at 27 she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927.
Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery（刺绣) pictures as a hobby, but only changed to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff(僵硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought all that she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930’s and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful sense of color and form. “I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it,” she said.
1. What can we learn about Grandma Moses?| A．She painted oils as a child. |
| B．Her marriage life was not happy. |
| C．She still led an active life when she was old. |
| D．She stopped painting in her late seventies. |
| A．Easy-going& active. | B．Hardworking& creative |
| C．Outgoing& confident. | D．Reserved& independent |
| A．Descriptions. | B．Stages. | C．Surveys. | D．Directions. |
| A．How she loves art since she was a little girl. |
| B．Why she began her career as a painter. |
| C．How she became a successful painter. |
| D．Why she was the most famous painter in the United States. |
But then, I have no one to chat with when I’m bored, no one to discuss last night’s match with during the lunch-hour. Sure, I can spend the afternoon doing something I enjoy like swimming, walking the dog, or even sleeping, if I choose. But the work will still be there when I do finally get back home, and it’s still got to be finished in time. Unfortunately, working at home means that people can always find me, whether I’m bored or not and once I’ve answered the doorbell, it’s too late——my thoughts have been interrupted. No one would dream of calling if I worked in an office, but in an office I find myself making cups of coffee and listening to friends’ troubles. As they talk, my ideas disappear and I feel increasingly stressed thinking of my work waiting to be done.
1. What is the writer trying to do in the text?
| A．To encourage readers to work at home. |
| B．To explain why he has changed his job. |
| C．To describe his working life. |
| D．To say how he would like to work. |
| A．How to start working for oneself. |
| B．What it’s like to work at home. |
| C．Why the writer decided to work for himself. |
| D．How artists become successful. |
| A．He has plenty of opportunities for sport. |
| B．He is his own boss. |
| C．He can see people when he wants to. |
| D．He has a comfortable place to work. |
| A．Have meals in restaurants. |
| B．Go to the swimming pool. |
| C．Spend time in the countryside. |
| D．Talk about sport. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
【推荐1】If you feel like you can’t even consider consuming a candy bar without being shown its caloric content, you’re right. The same thing goes for just about every piece of packaged food, plus every bottled or canned beverage: A Nutrition Facts label shows detailed information on the amounts of fat, sugar, sodium and more found inside.
But while your favorite breakfast cereals, sodas and sandwich fixings are subject to this type of in-your-face requirement, you may have noticed that booze(酒)is typically off the hook, so what gives?
The answer lies in the powers that be. While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the safety of food, including non-alcoholic beverages, it doesn’t govern the alcohol industry. That honor belongs to the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), an agency that doesn’t require labeling.
While beer, wine and spirits companies aren’t legally required to print the nutritional information on their products, consumer advocates have been calling for the TTB to change that. And it has, sort of. In 2013, the agency made nutrition labels optional for alcohol. But some health experts don’t feel the move was bold enough.
As John Hopkins, a public health researcher said her work revealed that the average American regularly consumes 400 calories a day from alcohol alone and they should know that.
The reasons behind the differences in label requirements between the FDA and TTB go back to Prohibition. When the ban on the production and distribution of alcohol came to an end, Congress passed the Alcohol Administration Act of 1935, which eventually led to the establishment of the TTB. Its rules around labeling have historically been a bit messy. Substances that people might be sensitive to have to be labeled, but other ingredients do not.
Change is brewing though, at least in the beer industry: Industry leaders, which produce more than 81 percent of the volume of beer sold in the U.S., have agreed to voluntarily display nutrition facts by 2020.
1. What is the function of the example given in the beginning?| A．To stress the importance of the topic. |
| B．To improve readers’ awareness. |
| C．To criticize the wrongdoings of some people. |
| D．To lead to the topic to be discussed. |
| A．Disobeying the related requirements. |
| B．Choosing one’s favorite ones. |
| C．Listing the nutrition labels. |
| D．Changing their routines. |
| A．The companies don’t necessarily do so by rules. |
| B．The companies didn’t know how to do. |
| C．The companies chose to break the rules. |
| D．The management of the companies is too messy. |
| A．All the alcohol drinks will add nutritional labels. |
| B．The majority of beer producers will use nutritional labels. |
| C．The beer industry leaders will remove nutritional labels. |
| D．The messy situation about the regulations will be completely solved. |
【推荐2】We all have a favorite little spot to eat. Maybe it's a noodles cart or a sandwich shop. Well, it seems that you don't have to make that difficult choice now. A new Netflix documentary（纪录片）series, Street Food, aims to tell the world about all of our favorite little spots.
Released on April 26,2019, the series takes viewers through nine Asian countries and regions in search of local communities and their cuisines, from Tom Yum in Bangkok, Thailand, to snails in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Despite the series' title, Street Food is actually about people.
“At its heart, the show explores how and why some people end up selling noodles, sweets or rice on the street, and the answers aren't always easy,” wrote Zach Johnston of news website UPROXX.
Take Toyo from Osaka, Japan, as an example. He's locally famous for serving food and jokes. “He seems like the happiest man alive,” writes Calum Henderson in the New Zealand Herald, “until he talks about his father and starts crying.” Toyo learned how to cook as a child, out of necessity. His father didn't care about feeding him. Without any money, Toyo would cook weeds and leaves he found in the fields near his school. Today, Toyo has a job that he loves. What about the people who love to eat street food?
“In India, there's this Nihari stew（炖菜）,” recalled the series' creator Brian McGinn in an interview with the website Mashable. “Every morning, hundreds of people line up for this stew in this alleyway（小巷）…as everyone tries to be one of the people who are going to get some of this stew before they run out.” Moments like these can be found throughout the series, showing that street food is important to local cultures and communities. McGinn says food is a way to look at and understand people's lives. "It's not just nice food shots," Gelb told Mashable. “It's the story, the context and the character that make the food more delicious, more meaningful and more powerful.”
1. What does the documentary mainly talk about?| A．Spots. | B．People. | C．Viewers. | D．Countries. |
| A．Toyo is locally famous for serving food and jokes |
| B．Toyo began to cook street food when he was a child |
| C．people who sell street food have their own stories |
| D．people who was poor can have jobs that they love |
| A．street food is important to local cultures and communities |
| B．food is a way to look at and understand people's lives |
| C．street food is more delicious，more meaningful and more powerful |
| D．people have no time to cook breakfast at home or eat at restaurants |
| A．Favorite Little Spot to Eat |
| B．A New Netflix Documentary |
| C．Taste Life from Street Food |
| D．Local Cultures and Communities |
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations- UNESCO and National Geographic among them –have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials- including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes- which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.
Now, through the two organizations that he has founded-the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project- Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the youngers.
Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
1. Many scholars are making efforts to ________.
| A．promote global languages |
| B．rescue the disappearing languages |
| C．search for language communities |
| D．set up languages research organizations |
| A．Having first records of the languages. |
| B．Writing books on language searching. |
| C．Telling stories about language users. |
| D．Linking with the native speakers. |
| A．The cultural statics in India. |
| B．The documents available at Yale. |
| C．His language research in Britain. |
| D．His personal experience in Nepal. |
| A．Write sell and donate. |
| B．Record, repeat and reward. |
| C．Collect, protect and reconnect. |
| D．Design, experiment and report. |
