You’re watching your favorite TV show when a commercial (广告) break starts. First you see an ad for candy. Then there’s one for fast food. In response, your stomach growls (咕咕直叫).
Suddenly, all you can think about is how much you need a snack. If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Researchers from McMaster University in Canada studied the effects of junk food ads.
The researchers examined the effects of advertising junk food on more than 6.000 kids through TV commercials and other types of media. They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.
“There is too much unhealthy food advertising out there, which appears repeatedly,” says Behnam Sadeghirad. He’s one of the researchers who led the study. “This is dangerous for younger children because they lack self-discipline and don’t know the advertised foods are healthy or not.”
Food and drink ads are everywhere, from TV to the Internet. Companies want to make sure you know about their products. They spend nearly $1.8 billion a year on food ads aimed at kids, according to a report. The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015.
It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for healthy foods. In fact, on average, kids saw only one ad per week for fruit and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks.
Jennifer Harris, a professor at the University of Connecticut, says this is a big part of the problem. “Unhealthy foods are not things we should be encouraging kids to eat more often,” says Harris." But unfortunately those are the products being advertised to them the most.”
Health experts say it’s OK to treat yourself to a cookie once in a while. But what can you do to keep from having an unhealthy snack every time you see an ad for junk food? Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads. “What kids can do is notice what’s going on,” says Harris. “Think about, ‘Are these the products that are really good for my physical health?’”
1. What did researchers from McMaster University find?| A．Junk food ads can affect kids’ eating habits. |
| B．Eating while watching TV is unhealthy for kids. |
| C．Food ads are more attractive than other types of ads. |
| D．There are many commercial breaks during TV shows. |
| A．Food ads are everywhere. |
| B．It’s necessary to limit kids’ screen time. |
| C．It’s hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV. |
| D．Companies spend large amounts of money on ads. |
| A．Get wise to ads. |
| B．Stay away from cookies. |
| C．Never see junk food ads. |
| D．Find products of good quality. |
| A．Attack of junk food ads |
| B．Tricks of the trade |
| C．Advertising of junk food |
| D．The effect of media on children |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet. . . We are surrounded by the word "diet" everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤） instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word "diet" in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.
1. From Paragraph 1, we learn that _________.| A．diet products fail to bring out people's potential |
| B．people have difficulty in choosing diet products |
| C．diet products are misleading people |
| D．people are fed up with diet products |
| A．try out a variety of diet foods |
| B．hesitate before they enjoy diet foods |
| C．pay attention to their own eating habits |
| D．watch their weight rather than their diet |
| A．losing weight is effortless |
| B．it costs a lot to lose weight |
| C．diet products bring no pain |
| D．diet products are free from calories |
C: central point P: point Sp: sub-point（次要点） C: conclusion
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
【推荐2】Live longer
Everyone wants to live longer. We try to exercise, eat right and get enough sleep. But other things can also help us to live a longer, happier and healthier life.
Use your mind.
Actively using your mind will cut your risk of developing dementia (痴呆) in half.
If you watch TV while you are eating, you may eat more, which may lead to weight gain. Studies suggest that families who watch TV while eating also eat fewer vegetables and fruit.
Chew(嚼碎) your food.
When you eat, chew your food completely. That makes it easier for your body to use the food’s nutrients. Also, it takes about 20 minutes for your stomach to tell your brain it’s full.
Make time for yourself.
We all have plenty of stress in our daily lives.
It ’s not about me.
If you want to live longer, help others. Studies show that volunteering increases your lifespan (寿命).
| A．Have dinner out with friends. |
| B．It also builds your social network. |
| C．Think of fun games to play by yourself. |
| D．If you eat more slowly, you may eat less. |
| E．Don’ t eat and watch TV at the same time. |
| F．Cut the risk of cancer by using sunscreen. |
| G．Be sure to find some ways to reduce that stress. |
【推荐3】In 2011, organizations in England called on the citizens to reduce the amount of meat eaten on Fridays. 28% of people adjusted their dietary habits in various ways. Some gave up meat on Fridays, while others reduced it.
A new study from the University of Cambridge aimed to look at the consequences of behavioral change from people within a society and how these consequences bring in potentially large environmental benefits over time has assessed the impact of this shift, estimating that over the past decade, 55,000 tonnes of annual carbon emissions were saved.
The 28% of people said they changed their habits; of these, 55% reduced meat consumption on Fridays, and 41% stopped eating meat on Fridays. The 72% of people who did not change dietary habits attributed it to preferring to choose their own foods.
Using further data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS), researchers could tell that people in the UK eat an average of 100 grams of meat daily, and the average high-protein, non-meat-eater (who eats fish and cheese) contributes one third of the greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram that a meat-eater does.
Thus, making a conservative assumption that citizens who adapted their diet switched to high protein non-meat meals on Fridays, the researchers estimated that this equated to approximately 875,000 fewer meat meals a week, which saved 1,070 tonnes of carbon, or 55,000 tonnes over a year.
There are some concerns about the implementation(实施) of meatless Fridays leading to further reduction of fish stocks, as fish is a common substitute for red meat. The researchers say, however, that this need not be a concern; there was no increase in fish consumption over the past decade, nor did meat consumption go up on other days to make up for its absence on Fridays. Furthermore, there are many more meat substitutes available now than in the past, offering more options.
1. Which of the following can best describe the shift?| A．Costly. | B．Meaningless. |
| C．Well-known. | D．Environmentally friendly. |
| A．The experimental process. |
| B．The changes in people’s lifestyle. |
| C．The people’s response to the appeal. |
| D．The people’s care of carbon emissions. |
| A．To support the findings of the study. |
| B．To introduce the application of the study. |
| C．To show a different opinion about the study. |
| D．To call on more people to participate in the study. |
| A．Curious. | B．Optimistic. | C．Doubtful. | D．Shocked. |
【推荐1】Many young people are excited by their first weeks on a new job. For others, this early period is disappointing. Some difficulties may be caused by the individual’s lack of information and preparation. Often, unpleasant surprises result from the unreal expectations aroused during the recruiting(招聘) process. Recruiters and interviewers overstate the attractiveness of a job to gain a large number of candidates. Applicants overstate their abilities and understate their needs to improve their chances of getting the job. At the same time, they may fail to study the company to which they are applying. Thus, each side offers a mixed bag of truth-all likely to cause problems when those hired begin to work.
The problem of over expectations can exist for anyone, but it may be especially severe for those young graduates who have done particularly well in their studies and/or have graduated from famous business school. They have been used to fast, regular feedback on their performance and to the atmosphere of the university. They expect to find the same conditions on their new job. But once on the job, they think their skills and abilities unused.
An individual whose expectations are inconsistent(不一致) with the realities of a new job is not likely to develop an effective and satisfying work role in the company. Edgar Schein found that almost 75% of the interviewed graduates changed jobs at least once over a five-year period. He also found that within five years, most companies lose over half of the college graduates they hire. Schein thinks that this is caused by the difference between the graduates’ expectations and the realities of the company. Similarly, in his study of a small group of American business school graduates working in South America, Schein found that job continuation and satisfaction were related to how closely the graduates’ original expectations matched the realities of their jobs.
1. That some young people are disappointed during their first weeks on a new job may be caused by________.| A．their over excitement |
| B．new working conditions |
| C．their lack of abilities and unreal expectations |
| D．the individual’s lack of information and preparation |
| A．get the job |
| B．attract more companies |
| C．get a higher payment |
| D．obtain a large number of candidates |
| A．an individual’s expectations are inconsistent |
| B．over half of the college graduates lost their jobs within five years |
| C．more than 75% interviewed graduates changed jobs over a 5-year period |
| D．one man is not likely to develop an effective and satisfying work role in the company |
| A．companies like to hire old people |
| B．young people like to change their jobs |
| C．young people are more likely to change their jobs |
| D．young people’s skills and abilities are not needed in companies |
【推荐2】People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014. The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from l2th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Larvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm. James Bentham, a co-author of the research says the global trend is likely but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.
But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.
"One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Professor Alexander. The nutritional and health problems that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."
1. What can be learned from Paragraph I?| A．The increase in women’s height is much bigger than men’s in the last century. |
| B．The last century has seen a great increase in people’s height in most countries. |
| C．Genetics plays a key role in the increase of people’s height in the last century. |
| D．Dutch and Swedes are ranked first and second in height in the world nowadays. |
| A．slowed down. | B．gone upwards. | C．changed to the contrary. | D．come to life again. |
| A．The economic situation of some countries should be improved. |
| B．Environment protection should be attached great importance to. |
| C．The global trend of increasing height should be closely watched. |
| D．Children’s proper nutrition and healthcare should be guaranteed. |
【推荐3】A few months ago, Jason asked his parents to buy him a computer. All his friends already had one, so his mom and dad agreed. During the first few weeks, Jason spent a lot of time in front of his computer because he had to learn how it worked. He was really interested in learning all about it and he even started writing computer programs himself.
One day Jason found a website where he could play chess either against the computer or against other people from all over the world. From then on, Jason seemed to have just one interest in life, his computer. Whenever his parents told him that he was spending too much time with his computer, Jason went into denial. He did not think that he had a problem at all.
Then the unthinkable happened: Jason's computer broke down. But his parents decided not to buy him a new one. Jason said that he needed a computer for school, and he promised that he'd spend less time with it. But his parents refused to give in. Finally, Jason felt so hopeless that he took the only way out and killed himself.
Robert Johnson, a psychologist (心理学家) on the subject, says, "Computer addiction is an illness that can influence anyone of us. Nowadays, increasing numbers of people are spending more and more time working with computers. While this isn't a problem for most users, some people, especially teenagers, often use the computer to get away from the real world. This is especially true of shy people. For them, meeting people online is a way of hiding their true selves. In cyberspace (网络空间), they can be whoever they want to be and create their own virtual (虚拟的) world. But what happens when they can no longer enter their virtual world?"
1. Why did Jason want to buy a computer according to Paragraph 1?| A．To play chess. | B．To make friends |
| C．To avoid being an outsider(外人). | D．To write computer programs. |
| A．Jason enjoyed himself | B．Jason would not listen |
| C．Jason would turn it off | D．Jason changed his mind |
| A．Fine | B．Terrible | C．So so. | D．Unknown. |
| A．it is impossible to beat computer addiction | B．teenagers should stay away from computers |
| C．shy people get addicted to computers easily | D．computers are getting us into serious trouble |
【推荐1】Wet ‘n’ Wild Gold Coast
Welcome to Wet‘n’ Wild Gold Coast! At Wet‘n’Wild Gold Coast, the summer is endless and so is the fun. Visit us for the perfect family day out.
Wet‘n’Wild Junior
Experience We‘t n’Wild Junior, a huge new zone just for little adventure. Designed especially for kids, Wet ‘n’ Wild Junior features various water slides including small versions of our larger thrill slides like Tornado and the Aqua Racers.
Giant Wave Pool
The surf is always up at Giant Wave Pool! A consistent one-metre swell (浪涌) will bring you a lot of fun. With gently rolling waves in the shallows and constant lifeguard supervision (救生员监管 ), guests of all ages can hit the surf in safety. There is also necessary equipment for hire from the Beach Hut.
River Rapids
Slip and slide your way down Whitewater Mountain on We‘t n’ Wild’s all new River Rapids!
With a Rocky Mountain theme, River Rapids features four new body slides with something to please everyone. Speed lovers will enjoy the two new slides while the open air flumes (水槽) are perfect for the kids.
Whirlpool Springs
For the first time ever, you can be Cool‘n’Calm in the new Whirlpool Springs at Wet‘n’ Wild Water World. These awesome cold spas ( 矿 泉 疗 养 浴 池 ) will help you cool off after experiencing a series of sports activities at Wet‘n’Wild Water World. Whirlpool Springs is a great attraction especially in summer.
Price:
Wet‘n’Wild Gold Coast One Day Admission: Adult $65.00; Child (3-13 years old) $40.00 Operating Hours:
Monday—Friday from 10:00 am to 3:30 pm. Saturday& Sunday from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.
Additional Information
You can get a 10% discount when booking the tickets on the Internet. The tickets can be used within 12 months from time of purchase. Tickets will be delivered to your e-mail box within 60 minutes of purchase. Please print out all tickets and take them along with you to the attraction.
1. According to the passage, Giant Wave Pool ____.| A．is not suitable for children |
| B．is open to visitors all day long |
| C．is the best place to learn surfing skills |
| D．provides visitors with a surfing experience |
| A．Wet‘n’Wild Junior | B．Whirlpool Springs |
| C．Giant Wave Pool | D．River Rapids |
| A．$153 | B．$157 |
| C．$166 | D．$170 |
【推荐2】Your smartphone breaks. The repair costs too much money. So you give up and buy a new device (设备) . That this happens so often is no coincidence (巧合) .
Many big device makers are putting more new products on the market. But they do not sell specialized tools and parts needed for repairs. And they offer no instruction on how to repair their products. As a result, the independent repair shops in your neighborhood find they cannot repair your broken smartphone. You can only go to faraway authorized (经授权的) repair shops to get the necessary repair service, which is often costly.
In recent years, some producers have taken steps to make repairs easier, but there’s a growing effort across the world to push them to do more. Last week, the “Right to Repair movement heard good news from the White House. The president of the US on Friday signed an order aimed at encouraging healthy competition in the US economy. It includes a condition for the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) . The FTC was asked to make rules preventing producers from limiting independent device repair shops and DIY repairs.
“Right to Repair” is a global movement to make sure everyone has the right to fix the products they own. The idea has generally come from the United States. The earliest known published reference using the group of words comes from the auto industry dating back to2003. Its supporters require companies to provide their parts, tools and information for consumers (消费者) and repair shops. They also encourage the government to make laws to force producers to increase device reparability.
The FTC in May presented a 56-page report. It said that “many consumer products have become harder to fix.” The report also found that “the burden (负担) of repair limits may fall more heavily on communities of color and consumers having little money” because many independent repair shops are owned by people of color and because high-cost repairs hit low-paid consumers harder.
1. What problem does the author discuss in paragraph 2?| A．Electronic products’ quality is low. | B．The repair market makes little money. |
| C．The prices of new devices keep rising. | D．Customers have difficulty repairing devices. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Uncaring. | C．Supportive | D．Concerned. |
| A．provide a solution | B．reach a conclusion |
| C．give background information | D．introduce a new topic for discussion |
| A．It may especially benefit the poor. | B．It will help reduce production costs. |
| C．It was started by communities of color. | D．It is supported by authorized repair shops. |
【推荐3】It’s easy for consumers to buy food and drinks like a bowl of hot rice and coke online or from neighbourhood shops, but for astronauts such things were impossible in the past.
Members of China’s Shenzhou manned space flight last year, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm. Joyoung created a mobile space kitchen for the astronauts. A drinking water machine, an air heater and a soybean milk maker were all accessible in the kitchen through a smart app. Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three-month trip, he could eat hot food with just half-hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours. “If we had time, we would also use equipment to eat homemade yogurt. We could also control the equipment in the space kitchen through mobile phone apps.” he said.
In the past, most foods couldn’t be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven (不均匀的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360-degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming-hot fish-flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir-fried Chinese dish.
Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Coip and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space.
1. What do astronauts think of Joyoung’s mobile space kitchen?| A．Water-saving. | B．Energy-wasting. | C．Time-saving. | D．Money-wasting. |
| A．By making contrasts. | B．By analyzing results. |
| C．By providing pictures. | D．By answering questions. |
| A．Jayoung needs to further its technology. |
| B．What astronauts are doing is significant. |
| C．Astronauts on board can do as they wish. |
| D．There are more technologies for the spacecraft. |
| A．The Hot Diet on the Space Station Needs to be Addressed |
| B．Earth to Space, Firms Add Value by Creating Technology |
| C．Modern Technology Brings Convenience to Human Beings |
| D．Manufacturers Make Big Profits from Inventing Equipment |
