People who drink a lot of sugary drinks have a high risk of developing cancer, researchers announced last week. However, the evidence cannot yet confirm a direct connection between the two. The researchers said the findings of a large study in France suggest that limiting the amount of sugar-sweetened drinks may help reduce the number of cancer cases. Drinking sugary drinks has become more common worldwide in the last several decades. Sugar drinks are linked to obesity—the condition of being extremely overweight—which increases a person’s cancer risk.
The study was published in The BMJ British medical journal. It looked at data from just over 100,000 French adults—21 percent of them men and 79 percent women. The researchers noted how many sugary drinks each of them had, and followed them for up to nine years—between 2009 and 2018. The researchers appraised their risk for all types of cancer, and some individual ones such as breast, colon and prostate cancers.
The scientists found that a 100 milliliters (毫升) increase in sugary drinks was linked to an 18 percent increased risk of overall cancer and a 22 percent increased risk of breast cancer. The researchers looked at those who drank fruity juices and those who drank other sweet drinks. Both groups, they found, showed a higher risk of cancer overall.
For prostate and colorectal cancers, no link was found. The researchers said this might have been because there were only a limited number of cases of these cancers in the study group.
Experts not directly involved in the work said it was a well-run study, but noted that its results could not establish cause and effect. Amelia Lake is an expert in public health nutrition at Britain’s Teesside University. She said that while this study does not provide a definite cause and effect between sugar and cancer, it does add to the importance of efforts to reduce sugar intake. “The message from the totality of evidence on excess sugar and various health outcomes is clear,” she said.
1. What did the study find?A.Sugary drinks directly lead to cancer. |
B.Heavy sugary drinks might be linked with cancer. |
C.Obesity mainly results from sugary drinks. |
D.Cancer is not necessarily caused by obesity. |
A.Controlled | B.Evaluated. | C.Determined. | D.Wrote. |
A.By making comparison. |
B.By giving different opinions. |
C.By using actual figures. |
D.By following the order of time. |
A.More evidence needs to be found in the future. |
B.The researchers should follow more people. |
C.Reducing sugar consumption needs great efforts. |
D.Cutting down the amount of sugar is important. |
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【推荐1】Food safety is a problem in all places around the world and people in different areas of the world prepare foods in different ways. The WHO released five simple rules for preparing food in a safe way.
Key 1: Keep clean.
The first key tells about the importance of washing. People should wash their hands often—before touching food, while they are preparing food, and any time after they go to the toilet. People should wash all surfaces and equipment used for preparing food.
Key 2:
People should separate raw, or uncooked foods from foods that are already cooked and foods that will not be cooked. People should store raw meat, chicken, and fish in containers, or in separate areas. Raw foods should not touch prepared foods.
Key 3:Cook completely.
People should cook eggs and meat, like birds, seafood, and animals, especially carefully. These foods may carry more microorganisms than other foods. Food like soup must be boiled for at least a minute to make it be cooked completely. It is also important that people reheat cooked food completely.
Key 4:Keep food at safe temperatures.
When people are finished with eating, they should keep the left food in a refrigerator below 5℃ and shouldn’t store it for too long. At room temperature, about 20℃, the amount of microorganisms can increase very quickly.
Key 5:Use safe water and raw materials.
A.Separate raw and cooked foods. |
B.Eat cooked food immediately while it is still hot. |
C.They call these rules the “Five Keys to Safer Food”. |
D.People should use safe water and choose fresh foods. |
E.Keeping everything clean helps people to avoid microorganisms. |
F.People should also protect cooking areas and food from insects and animals. |
G.But temperatures above 60℃ or below 5℃ control the growth of microorganisms. |
【推荐2】When it comes to making lunch for their kids, moms and dads have usual favorites. For some parents in the US, those favorites are peanut butter and jelly sandwiches-also known as PB&.Js. Fruit like apples and bananas are also popular.
But one mother has an unusual go-to ingredient for her children’s lunches. Jenny Mollen uses funny-looking candy eyes. She has learned that her children will eat any healthy food if it has edible eyeballs attached. The “eyeballs” are really pieces of candy.
Her children laugh while they eat healthy foods like bell peppers, kiwis, or dates. Mollen says candy “eyes” make lunch more fun.
“Honestly, first of all, just buy yourself some candy googly eyes. They are tried-and-true,” she said. She admits that “you lose something nutritionally” by giving children candy. But she thinks that getting children to eat healthy food by putting candy on it is worth it.
Mollen’s lunch tricks bring together food and craft. She uses tricks because her two sons hate to eat different kinds of foods. So, she decorates their food to resemble animals or even their favorite Pokémon characters. She makes edible “bugs” made from dates, pretzel sticks for the legs, and, of course, candy “eyes”. She also uses leftover Chinese food to make panda bears from rice and seaweed.
Mollen says her lunch projects are easy to do. And her sons think they have won a big prize at their midday meal. Mollen says making fun-looking, artful lunches for her children helps ease her guilt as she is a working mom. Her artful lunches are her way of reminding her children that she is thinking of them.
Mollen says she also wants to teach them healthy eating habits. She says that by getting kids to eat vegetables at a young age, they will grow up to eat healthy foods later in life. She also says it is a good way to get children to try foods from other cultures. If they need to be “tricked” sometimes, that is okay.
1. What’s the purpose of Mollen’s lunch projects?A.To make her children’s day. |
B.To remind people to save food. |
C.To persuade other parents to follow suit. |
D.To ensure her children’s healthy diet. |
A.It contains all kinds of food. |
B.It is made up of candy. |
C.It combines art and nutrition. |
D.It is full of Chinese styles. |
A.They have taken to their fun-looking lunches. |
B.They have broaden their knowledge of food. |
C.They have bonded with their favorite animals. |
D.They have swept to victory in the meal competitions. |
A.Mollen’s plans for cooking lunches. |
B.The benefits of Mollen’s lunch tricks. |
C.Mollen’s expectations of her children. |
D.The culture elements in Mollen’s lunch. |
【推荐3】One of the most debated issues about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who don't drink tend to die sooner than those who do.The standard Alcoholics Anonymous explanation for this finding is this:many of those who give up alcohol are actually former hardcore drunks who had already brought health problems associated with drinking.
But a new paper suggests that abstaining(戒除)from alcohol does tend to increase one's risk of dying,even when you leave former problem drinkers out.The most shocking part—abstainers'(禁酒者)mortality rates(死亡率)are higher than those of heavy drinkers.
Moderate(适度的)drinking,which is defined as one to three drinks per day,is associated with the lowest mortality rates.Moderate alcohol use is thought to improve heart health,circulation and sociability,which can be important because people who are cut off don't have as many family members and friends who can notice and help treat health problems.
But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life?It's true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes,since drinking can be expensive.And people of lower socioeconomic status have more life stressors(压力因素).
Though heavy drinking is associated with higher risk for many diseases,heavy_drinkers_are_less_likely_to_die_than_don't_drink.One important reason is that alcohol strengthens social interactions,and social interactions are vital for maintaining mental and physical health.Nondrinkers show greater signs of depression.
The authors of the new paper are careful to note that even if drinking is associated with a longer life,it can be dangerous:it can affect your memory severely and it can lead to falls and other troubles that can affect your life.There's also the dependency issue:if you become addicted to alcohol,you may spend a long time trying to get off the bottle.
1. What can we know from the Alcoholics Anonymous explanation and the new paper?A.The former finds that abstainers can live longer than heavy drinkers. |
B.The former finds that nondrinkers can live longer than heavy drinkers. |
C.The latter finds that healthy abstainers can live shorter than heavy drinkers. |
D.The latter finds that nondrinkers can live shorter than heavy drinkers. |
A.It helps blood circulation. |
B.It helps remove people's life stressors. |
C.It reduces people's association with friends. |
D.It can save a lot of money. |
A.Heavy drinkers can live longer if they give up drinking. |
B.Heavy drinkers can live longer even if they don't give up drinking. |
C.The mortality rate of heavy drinkers is lower if they don't give up drinking. |
D.The mortality rate of heavy drinkers will be lower if they give up drinking. |
A.the authors of the new paper support drinking |
B.people should start drinking if wanting to live longer |
C.many people doubt whether drinking is good for health or not |
D.drinking can do harm to people's life |
【推荐1】Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain.According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, “more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter.”
Smell, which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their groundbreaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.
However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smelldetecting receptors.
1. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?A.The type of food smells. |
B.The logical part of human brain. |
C.The nature of human olfactory system. |
D.The relationship between food and feelings. |
A.Bread. | B.Pizza. |
C.Coffee. | D.Fast food. |
A.Some people can recognize up to 50 smells. |
B.Every person has a different pattern of genes. |
C.Different people are sensitive (敏感的) to different smells. |
D.There are still some olfactory genes to be found out. |
A.Logic and behavior. |
B.Smell and its influence. |
C.Sense ability and food tastes. |
D.Olfactory genes and its system. |
【推荐2】The earliest simple computer, the Chinese abacus dates back to thousands of years ago, consisting of rows of beads on a wooden frame used for counting. The modern computer dates back to 1946, when the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) was invented. The U.S. Department of Defense developed the Internet so all of its own computers could be connected; in 1990 the World Wide Web was born. The rapid development of technology has resulted in the computers we use today, and those are changing as we speak too.
You can do many things on a computer. You can create and print letters or reports for school, and save those documents in case you need them later; you can watch movies, listen to music and play video games. The Internet allows people to visit different websites, send e-mails, shop online and pay bills electronically. Some people even work or receive schooling through their home computers.
The most common types of computers used are the desktop, the laptop and the handheld computer. Desktop computers stay in one place, and their parts are contained in a case that is placed beneath the monitor. Laptop computers are lightweight and small enough to be carried by users who need computers and the Internet access to them in different places. Handheld computers include personal digital assistants, small video gaming devices and mobile phones.
While computers make life convenient and are considered positive to society, there are negative aspects of computer use that kids and their family should consider. Computer viruses are harmful programs that damage information and can stop your computer from working properly. The Internet presents risks for young people, too. The information you share is not private. Some kids use their computers so much that they don’t want to do anything else.
1. The earliest simple computer was invented ________.A.in 1946 | B.in 1990 | C.by Chinese | D.by Americans |
A.The desktop. | B.The laptop. |
C.The mobile phone. | D.The personal digital assistant. |
A.Functions→Types→History→Warnings. | B.History→Warnings→Types→Functions. |
C.History→Types→Functions→Warnings. | D.History→Functions→Types→Warnings. |
A.computers do more harm than good to kids. |
B.kids shouldn’t be allowed to use computers. |
C.parents should limit the time of their kids using computers. |
D.people should stay away from computers so as not to get viruses. |
【推荐3】On Tuesday the Indian Army found mysterious large footprints in the snow.The military group.on an outing in Nepal, took pictures and later put them on Twitter.Their conclusion: the footprints belong to the Yeti, also known as the abominable snowman.
Most experts in the scientific community say the Yeti is a myth, an imaginary story.The man-like creature is part of Nepali tradition and is said to live high in the Himalayan mountains.
In the tweet, the Indian army said it found the footprints close to a camp near Mount Makalu on April 9.The footprints measured 81 centimeters by 38 centimeters.The tweet did not explain how a mythical beast could leave footprints.
Reactions on social media
The Indian army’s Twitter post has drawn criticism(批评)by some on social media. One user, for example, put an image of a big hole in Bombay and said that Yeti footprints could be found there.Other users said that the supposed Yeti tracks appeared to be a single foot line.One user suggested the Yeti may have been riding a kind of strange bicycle.
Mount Makalu and the Yeti
Mount Makalu, where the Indian Army took the photographs, Is one of the highest mountains in the world.It stands near the Makalu-Barun valley, an area very far from human population.The area has already been explored by researchers looking for the Yeti.
Daniel C.Taylor is one of them.He wrote a book on the mystery of the Yeti.Taylor pointed out that the footprints likely came from a bear.Taylor told the Reuters news agency that if the footprints came from "an animal or a single animal, it's the size of a dinosaur."Taylor added, " One needs to really confirm those measurements of the footprint size because we know for sure that there are no dinosaurs living in the Barun valley.
Since the 1920s, tales of a wild beast have attracted climbers in Nepal and around the world.In2008, Japanese climbers returning from a mountain in western Nepal told Reuters they had seen footprints, which they thought belonged to the Yeti.Although they carried cameras, video equipment and telescopes, they had not seen or taken any photographs of the creature.In 2017, a group of international researchers studied many Yeti samples(样本) The researchers concluded the samples belonged to bears.
1. What does the underlined phrase"part of Nepali tradition"refer to?A.The Nepali's belief in the existence of the Yeti. |
B.The Nepalis celebration on the finding of the Yeti. |
C.The Nepali's custom of telling imaginary stories. |
D.The Nepali's choice of camping on high mountains. |
A.Japanese climbers have taken some photos of the Yet. |
B.The Indian army provided Yeti samples to researchers. |
C.Taylor wrote a book based on the Indian army's Twitter post. |
D.Some social media users doubt whether the footprints are Yeti’s. |
A.Social Media Joke About ‘Yeti’ Tracks . |
B.Climbers Announce Finding of Yeti. |
C.Researchers Measure ‘Yeti' Footprints. |
D.Indian Army Tweets About" Evidence" |
A.By giving his own opinions. |
B.By showing different discoveries. |
C.By providing latest numbers. |
D.By comparing different studies. |
【推荐1】Ever heard of the words “one man's waste is another man's treasure? ” Nabeel Alam has taken that idea to a whole new level.
He and 26 other high school students from Durham, east of Toronto, Canada, started a company that turns unused clothes into practical reusable bags.
Nabeel said the clothing they use is in good condition, but is being thrown away because it's no longer useful or it' s out of style. By repurposing clothes(given by family and friends) heading for the garbage dump(垃圾场),Nabeel can work toward achieving his goal: cutting down on textile(纺织品)waste in Canada. "We give it a new purpose, "said Nabeel, the company' s president.
How does the company work? The students take the clothes and put them in the wash. Then a team member cuts the clothes to match a pre-drawn outline. After that, the bags are sewn(缝制)together by a sewer who volunteers to help the company.
The team puts pictures of them on their website and Instagram so people can buy them for between $8 and $12. Nabeel said the goal of the company named Vivlio Amet—is to let people know how much textile waste leads to climate(气候)change.
But Vivlio Amet will only last for a little while longer. That’s because Vivlio Amet started in October 2019 as an 18-week Junior Achievement Program project. Through the program, volunteer advisers team up with students to help them start a temporary business from the ground up.
Though the program is completely separate from school, Nabeel said it doesn't feel like extra work. “I don’t treat it like a task. It’s something I like a lot,” Nabeel said. “If you want to be successful you need to work really hard at it.”
1. What does Vivlio Amet do?A.It rans a garbage dump. |
B.It sells reusable old clothes. |
C.It makes bags with old clothes. |
D.It collects unused clothes for factories. |
A.To make pocket money for him. |
B.To try his luck at running a company. |
C.To call on people to avoid textile waste. |
D.To set a good example for his classmates. |
A.School-based. | B.Short-lived. |
C.Privately-owned. | D.Half-finished. |
A.It was tiring. | B.It was pioneering. |
C.It was quite difficult. | D.It was very enjoyable. |
【推荐2】Here's a list of some interesting facts about stars; some you might already know, and few that are going to be new.
The sun is the closest star to the earth. The sun is about 150 million kilometers away. Our sun, like most other stars, gives off power and light by nuclear fusion, which happens exactly where it's the hottest. The sun is about 4.5 billion years old and it will still last six billion years or so. When it runs out of its fuel, it would develop into a red star when increasing in size.
Since stars are billions of light years away, it may be hard to recognize that stars are in continuous battles with themselves. All the stars have their own gravitational pull that pulls them. The surprising part is that the nuclear fusion occurring inside the star truly produces an outward push to resist the gravitational force, which keeps its present shape.
Stars have different colors. The hottest stars are surprisingly the smallest ones and are blue in color. Their temperatures go to about 12,000 Kelvin. Although the yellow-colored stars are the middle-sized ones just like the sun, their temperatures fall to about 6,000 Kelvin. And lastly, the coolest and greatest ones are colored red and the temperatures of them are about 3,000 Kelvin.
When looking at the night sky, we may think that stars are up there alone. But don't be surprised that these heavenly bodies in fact come in pairs. And stars can even come in groups of 3 or even 4!
1. What will happen when the sun runs out of its fuel?A.It will disappear slowly. | B.It will last six billion years. |
C.It will become a white star. | D.It will become larger in size. |
A.All stars are in a state of balance. | B.It's hard for the stars to keep their shapes. |
C.The stars have the same gravitational pull. | D.The stars always stay in peace with one another. |
A.It is blue when it is very cold. | B.It looks red when it is far away. |
C.It seems yellow when it is over 3,000 Kelvin. | D.It has something to do with its size and temperature. |
A.They appear only in pairs. | B.They appear without rules. |
C.They stay alone here and there. | D.They appear in small groups or in pairs. |
【推荐3】They' re not the world' s tallest or longest bridges, but a string of river crossings made from tree roots are engineering wonders that contain lessons for modern architects.
The town of Cherrapunji in the Khasi Hills is credited with the world record for annual rainfall of over 75 feet! And in this rainy, wet climate, the rubber fig tree grows with abandon. The tree has a secondary root system that grows up above the ground floor and lets the tree easily grow on top of big stones and even out in the middle of streams. Long ago, the Khasis, a tribe in Meghalaya region, realized they could make use of these roots to their own advantage. By controlling and directing the secondary roots, they have created strong living bridges with which to cross streams and rivers by themselves.
To make a tree grow in a certain direction, the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree whose middle is got rid of, as a guidance system. The thin, tender roots of the rubber tree are placed so they grow in the direction of the tree trunk rather than fanning out. Eventually, the roots reach the other side of the river and grow into the soil. This process can take well over a decade before the bridge is fully functional and then over time the bridge grows and strengthens. Rocks are placed along the bridge' s sides to improve the footpaths.
Some of these bridges are over 100 feet long and can even support the weight of fifty or-more people at a time. These bridges are used daily by the people of the villages around Cherrapunji and a few are thought to be more than 500 years old. There is even a double decker bridge , known as the “Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge", which features two bridges grown right on top of each other. It is thought to be the only bridge of its kind.
1. What do we know about the bridges in Meghalaya?A.They resemble the fig tree roots. |
B.They're works of modern architects. |
C.They take a very short time to build. |
D.They're constructed by the villagers. |
A.It plays the role of a guide. |
B.It bears the weight of the bridge. |
C.It protects the surface of the bridge. |
D.It delivers materials across the river. |
A.A complex system. |
B.A construction process. |
C.A scientific theory. |
D.A natural landscape. |
A.Its history. |
B.Its material. |
C.Its shape. |
D.Its length. |