1 . Taking away a city’s rubbish is a big job． Every day trucks come into a city to collect it．Most rubbish is made up of things we can’t eat or use．If we kept these things, we would soon have a mountain of rubbish．
In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump．Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole．The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system．The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places．
To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish．Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land．Finally , a house or a school may be built there, and then you’d never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump．
In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places．The fire burns everything but the metal．Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal．The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus, which looks like black earth．It is rich with kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow．
1. The underline word “sewage” in the passage means_______

A．排污

B．染色

C．洗涤

D．洗尘

2. According to the passage, the food parts of rubbish can be used again_______．

A．to feed animals	B．to feed plants
C．to build a house	D．to make machines

3. The main idea of the passage is ______

A．to let us know taking away rubbish is a big job．

B．to explain the need for rubbish collection

C．to introduce different ways to treat rubbish

D．to tell people to take useful things out of rubbish

2 . What do you usually do when a flying insect lands on your arm? You may blow it away．But what if that insect is a ladybug（瓢虫）? It is possible that you would let it stay．What is it about ladybugs that we like?
Farmers once thought ladybugs were a good lucky sign．A ladybug in the field meant the crops would be successful and that the weather would be good．The farmers may have thought too highly of such a small bug，but in fact ladybugs do help out with the crops．They eat harmful insects．
Actually，it is not the adult ladybug that eats other insects． It's the baby ladybug．When the baby ladybugs hatch（孵化），they are very hungry and will eat mites，aphids，mealy bugs，green flies，and other crop-destroyers． In the 1800s，ladybugs were brought all the way from Australia to California and set free among orange trees that were dying from being eaten by insects．They completely saved all the trees．
Ladybugs go about their daily business without worrying much about anything．Very few birds or insects will eat a ladybug because it gives off a dangerous fluid（液体）．Ladybugs also protect themselves by playing dead．They fall off leaves and never move until their attacker goes away．
So the next time you see a ladybug，think about what it may be doing．Maybe it is off to save an orange tree．Maybe its next move will be to roll off a leaf and play dead or _____ a bird about 100 times its size．Maybe it's letting you know that the weather will be good tomorrow．Who knows? Ladybugs are special that way．
1. Ladybugs were brought from Australia to California in the 1800s to____．

A．add more ladybugs to area

B．report the weather for farmers

C．act as a lucky sign of good crops

D．save orange trees by eating insects

2. From the passage we know that ____．

A．it's the adult ladybug that eats most o{ the harmful insects

B．ladybugs often roll off a leaf and play dead to attack the birds

C．ladybugs can give off a dangerous fluid to protect themselves

D．the baby ladybug mainly eats mites，aphids，mealy bugs，and oranges

3. The underlined phrase "stand up to" most probably means ____．

A．watch	B．support
C．save	D．fight

3 . In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited．About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along．They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them．People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way．Someone shouted at them．The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about．The three foreigners seem all at sea and looked embarrassed （窘迫的．No one had told them about the British custom （习惯）of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus．
Learning the language of a country isn't enough．If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country．You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own．A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table．The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself．Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesn't agree．But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement．Nodding （点头）your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty．
In that country, you shake your head to mean 'yes'— a nod means 'no'．At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula, you will find that your glass is repeated refilled as soon as you drink up．If you think that you have had enough , you should take the cup or glasses in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top．
In Europe it quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting．Doing this in Thailand, however, could bring about trouble．Also, you should try to avoid （避免）touching the head of an adult （成人）——it's just not done in Thailand．
1. The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way, because the gentlemen _________．

A．were foreigners	B．didn't have tickets
C．made a loud noise	D．didn't line up for the bus

2. According to the article, if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country, you should _________．

A．learn the language of the country

B．understand the manners and customs of the country

C．have enough time and money

D．make friends with the people there

3. In India it is considered impolite ___________．

A．to use the right hand for passing food at table．

B．to pass food with the left hand．

C．to eat food with your hands．

D．to help yourself at table．

4. To cross one's legs at an important meeting in Europe is _______．

A．a common （平常的）habit	B．an important manner
C．a serious （严重的）trouble	D．a bad manner

5. The best title （题目）for this article is ________．

A．People's Everyday Life	B．Mind Your Manners
C．Shaking and Nodding Head	D．Taking a Bus in England

4 . A greeting is a way of saying “Hello” to someone．People in different countries greet each other in different ways．Here are some．

World Greetings

Philippines	The everyday greeting for friends is a handshake for both men and women．Men sometimes pat each other on the back．
Japan	When people meet for the first time, they usually bow．In business, people also shake hands．In formal situations, people often exchange business cards．When you give a business card, give it with two hands．This is polite．Special note: In Japan, a smile can have different meanings．It usually means that the person is happy, or that the person thinks something is funny．But it can also mean that the person is embarrassed．
New Zealand	Usually, both men and women shake hands when they meet someone for the first time． Fun fact: If you see two people pressing their noses together, they are probably Maori．The Maori are the native（当地的）people of New Zealand．This is their traditional greeting．
Brazil	Men often shake hands when they meet for the first time． When women meet, they kiss each other on the cheek．Women also kiss male friends to say hello． When you shake hands, look at the person in the eyes．This shows interest and friendliness．

1. In which country do men sometimes pat each other on the back?

A．Philippines

B．Brazil

C．Japan

D．New Zealand

2. In this passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned（提及）?

A．Kisses

B．Hugs

C．Bows

D．Handshakes

3. Of the five pictures above （a, b, c, d and e）, which is the same way to greet each other in the four countries?

A．a

B．b

C．c

D．d

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Both men and women shake hands in Brazil when they meet．

B．Japanese won’t smile until they feel very happy．

C．The Maori often press their noses together to greet each other．

D．In Philippines, people shake hands only when they meet for the first time．

5. What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the passage?

A．Different ways of greetings．

B．Four countries．

C．Some fun facts．

D．Some special notes．

5 . Most dictionaries will tell you a number of things about a language. There are three important things. These three things are spelling, pronunciation and meanings.
First, a dictionary will tell you the spelling of a world. If you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in alphabetical order—a,b,c and so on. For example, on a dictionary page the word “poor”—p,o,o,r – comes before “poverty”—p,o,v,e,r,t,y—and the word “poverty” comes before “ power”—p,o,w,e,r. The words are always given in an alphabetical order.
The second thing, a dictionary will tell you pronunciation. Most give phonetic, or sound, alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you how a word is pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionaries use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation.
The third thing, a dictionary will tell you the meaning of words. You can look up a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will tell you all of the word’s meaning. For example, in English the common word “get” has over 20 different meanings.
1. In the passage, which of the following is among the three important things?

A．How to write a word well.

B．How to use a word.

C．How to make a sentence.

D．How to read a word correctly.

2. Of the three words "remove", " remote" and "remount", _____ in a dictionary.

A．"remote" comes first and "remove" comes last

B．"remove" first and "remote" last

C．"remote" first and "remove" last

D．"remove" first and "remount" last

3. Many words have ______.

A．several meanings

B．few meanings

C．one meaning

D．no meaning

4.

A．better dictionary can tell you _____.

B．more of word's pronunciation

C．more of the word's meaningsC more of the word's spelling.D more of grammar

5. Phonetic alphabets are used to show _____.

A．spelling	B．handwriting
C．meanings	D．pronunciation

6 . Spring Festival is the most important festival in China.It lies on the first day of the first lunar month（农历）in the traditional Chinese lunar calendar .On the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .In many places people like to set off firecrackers .Dumplings are the most traditional food .Children like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .

Chinese people held the first New Year Festival more than 3,000 years ago. Farmers gave thanks for the harvest and prayed. They asked the gods for good crops in the coming year.

But there is a story behind all the celebration.According to legend, there was a man-eating wild monster（怪兽） "Nian" with an extremely large mouth, capable of swallowing several people in a single bite. The monster seemed too strong to be defeated. So all the villagers would take their old and young deep into the mountains to hide from Nian.One day, a wise old man passed through the village and told the villagers that "nian" was afraid of loud noises and the color red, The villagers came together and agreed that when it was time for Nian's annual visit towards the end of winter they would start a fire in front of every door and not go to sleep but rather make noise.Nian had not come down the mountain to cause any trouble thereafter. This eventually become a tradition of China and leads to the celebration for another year of safe life. Chinese people celebrate in remembrance of this legend and still continues till today! This custom has spread, became the most solemn of traditional Chinese folk festivals "have the spring festival".

Information Card

What is the name of the festival?	1
When is it?	2
What do people do?	3
How did the villagers feel about the monster ”NIAN”?	4
Why do young kids like it so much?	5

7 . Wang Yan, a 15-year-old Chinese girl, likes eating snacks very much. She prefers cream biscuits, McDonald’s food, KFC chicken. As a result, she has become overweight.
Today in China, there are many children like Wang Yan. Health experts say that children should have healthy eating habits. First, they must eat regular meals and begin with a healthy breakfast. Second, they should have different kinds of foods, such as fruit, vegetables, grain, eggs, milk and meat. Third, children shouldn’t eat too much junk food. It’s delicious, but eating it often is bad for their health. If children do as the experts say, they won’t become overweight. They will be healthier. Students won’t become tired at school, and they will have enough energy to study hard.
1. Why has Wang Yan become overweight?

A．Because she doesn’t like sports.

B．Because she likes eating vegetables

C．Because she likes eating snacks.

D．Because she likes eating fruit.

2. How many pieces of advice do health experts give in this passage?

A．Two.	B．Three.
C．Four	D．Five.

3. What kind of food are good for our health according to the passage?

A．Milk, fruit, KFC chicken.

B．Cream biscuits, McDonald’s hamburgers and KFC chicken.

C．Packages of biscuits.

D．fruit, vegetables, grain, eggs, milk and meat.

4. What will be the result if we do as the experts say? We will be _________.

A．overweight.	B．healthier.
C．tired at school	D．confident.

5. What does the writer think of junk food?

A．Terrible.	B．Healthy.
C．Unhealthy	D．Sweet.

8 . Have you ever been ill? When you are ill，you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot，and there are pains all over your body. You don't want to work，you stay in bed，feeling very sad.

What makes us ill? It is germs(细菌). Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can't find them with your eyes，but you can see them with a microscope. They are very small and there could be hundreds of them on a very small thing. Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope，we shall see them in it. So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.

Germs aren't found only in water. They are found in air and dust. If you cut your finger，if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut(伤口)，some of the germs would go into your finger. Your finger would become big and red，and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs would go into all of your body，and you would have pain everywhere.

1. Which of the following is TRUE?

A．If things are very small，they are germs.	B．If things can't be seen，they must be germs.
C．Germs are only in dirty water.	D．Germs are everywhere around us.

2. What is a microscope used for?

A．Making very small things look much bigger.	B．Making very big things look much smaller.
C．Helping you read some newspapers.	D．Helping you if you can't see things clearly.

3. Why don't your parents let you drink dirty water?

A．You haven't looked at it carefully.	B．Water can't be drunk in this way.
C．There must be lots of germs in it.	D．Water will make you ill.

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Germs can be found both in water and in the air.

B．Germs can go into your finger if it is cut.

C．If your temperature is not OK，there must be germs in your body.

D．If your finger isn't cut，there aren't any germs on it.

5. What's the main idea of the passage?

A．Germs may make us ill.	B．Germs are in dirty water.
C．Don't drink dirty water.	D．Take care of your fingers.

9 . Millions years ago much of our earth was covered with blocks (块) of ice. These ice blocks were as tall as high buildings in modern cities. Most of the ice was in the northern (北方的)part of the world.
Then the ice blocks started to move south. Cold and rain came with the ice. Animals and people had to move.
At last, the ice began to melt (融化). After half a million years, most of it had melted. More than half of the earth became covered with water. The climate became much warmer. Things began to grow. The earth began to look the way it looks today.
1. Millions of years ago our earth was very _________________.

A．warm

B．hot

C．cool

D．cold

2. What did animals and people try to do when the ice blocks moved south?

A．they tried to stop them moving.	B．They tried to melt them.
C．They tried to stay ahead of them.	D．They tried to move behind them.

3. The melting ice maybe helped to form _____________.

A．mountains and valleys	B．the sun, the moon and the earth
C．cities and countries	D．seas, lakes and rivers

4. The underlined word “climate” means _______________.

A．the freezing ice	B．the weather of the year
C．the moving of the ice blocks	D．a plant or an animal

5. Which of these things maybe happened because the Ice Age ended?
a. Forests grew                                   b. Food became harder to find
c. Fishing became easier                       d. The temperature dropped.

A．a; b

B．b; d

C．c; d

D．a; c

10 . Americans are very direct people. When they want something they say “yes” and when they don’t they say “no”. If they want something different from what is given, they ask for it. Here’s an example. I arrive at someone’s house and he gives me wine, I don’t want wine. Maybe I don’t like it or maybe I just don’t want it. I will say “No, thanks.” If everyone around me is drinking something, I would ask for something else, “No, thanks. But I’ll take a bit of tea if you have some.” If I really want wine, I just say, “Yes, thank you.” Unless they happen to know the Chinese customs, westerners will not ask you again and again after you have said you don’t want it.
1. If Americans want something, they would say “_______”.

A．Yes, thank you.,

B．No, thanks.,

C．No, I’m sorry.,

D．Yes, why not ?

2. When Americans do not want what is given, they would say “_______”.

A．No, I don’t.,

B．No, thanks.,

C．Yes, thank you.,

D．No, I’m sorry.

3. In this passage, “westerners” means_______ .

A．the people who live in the west of their country

B．the visitors who go to the Western countries

C．the people who live in the Western countries

D．the people who know the customs of the West

4. The Chinese people might      if you don’t want something given.

A．be glad,	B．say “thank you”
C．get angry,	D．ask you again to take it

5. From this passage we know that__.

A．the Chinese people are direct,	B．the Chinese customs are better
C．the westerners are more polite,	D．different countries have different customs