1 . “If you consider getting older with needing less sleep, it’s not true!” says Robert Oexman, D．C．, director of the Sleep to Live Institute．Besides disease, medicine and pain, if parents complain of bad sleep, Dr．Oexman looks at their nighttime habits, where the problem almost always exists．So, how are you destroying your sleep?
Watch TV until you fall asleep
It has nothing to do with what you watch．It’s you who face TV’s bright light．That’s the reason．So even if you nod off in front of the TV, for example, you probably won’t stay asleep for long．
So an hour before bedtime, treat yourself like a baby: a warm bath．But no reading or writing on your computer before bed or in the middle of the night．
Exercise too close to bedtime
Remember how poorly you sleep when you have a fever, never really feeling rested? Well, heavy exercise too close to bedtime has the same effect--it raises your body temperature, so when you lay your sleepy head on the pillow, your body temperature is normal．
Eat fatty, heavy foods too close to bedtime
If you’ve ever tried to go to sleep after eating a fatty meal, you’ve probably found the discomfort of stomach acids（胃酸）less than good for falling asleep or staying asleep．
So try to eat your last meal of the day at least 2-3 hours before bedtime．Should you feel hungry before bed? So have a bowl of cereal or a small boiled potato．Or maybe have a serving of jasmine rice．

Title: Help with sleep     1
Bad     2	3	Solutions
4    TV until you fall asleep	It’s     5    that you won’t stay asleep for a long time．	Take a warm     6    ． Don’t read or write before bed or at     7
Exercising too close to bedtime	It takes you several hours to sleep     8    ．	Don’t do exercise at least three hours before bedtime．
Eating fatty, heavy foods too close to bedtime．	You feel     9    because of stomach acids．	Eat your last meal at least 2-3 hours before bedtime． Have something if you feel     10    ．

2 . If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星).
　　A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels.
If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then?
　     Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail.Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see.
　　An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halley’s Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halley’s Comets when it comes near the earth again.
1. A comet is like ________.

A．sun

B．moon

C．sunlight

D．the earth

2. A large part of a comet is ______.

A．water and rock

B．water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron

C．ice, iron and rock dust

D．only a few big pieces of rock

3. Maybe many people _______.

A．haven’t seen any comets	B．have seen all comets
C．have seen a comet at daytime	D．have seen a comet

4. Some comets keep coming back ________.

A．at any time

B．at noon

C．at regular times

D．at daytime

5. Halley’s Comets came back _____.

A．in 1990

B．in 1980

C．in 1986

D．in 1989

3 . Water pollution happens when waste things from many areas are thrown into rivers,lakes and seas．
Agriculture
To get more food，farmers use large amounts of chemicals(化学制品)．When the chemicals are not completely used by the plants，they are washed away by the rainwater into rivers，lakes and seas，which pollute both surface water and underground water．
Industry
Factories and industries oftenreleasepoisonous chemicals into seas，rivers or lakes，which is quite bad for Mother Nature．An example of industrial sea pollution happened in Japan in the 1950s．A local factory had poured waste water with mercury(水银)into the Minamata Bay for 20 years．Tuna fish in the bay took in the mercury and people ate the tuna. Many children were born with birth deformities(畸形)．As a result，people lost their，hearing and sight，and thousands of people died in the end．
Sea transportation
When ships transporting oil get damaged on the way，oil spillage(溢出)happens·One major disaster was the Exxon Valdez oil spill．An oil tanker sink off Alaska in 1989 and leaked(泄漏)oil into the ocean．To save cost，some ships also poured unwanted oil from their engine rooms into the sea，thus polluting the oceans·
Home activities
If the waste from the washing of clothes and dishes are not treated and poured into the sea，they will do harm to the sea life．Some diseases may also spread．Sometimes，rubbish is dumped into the sea．
1. Farmers Use large amounts of chemicals to        ．

A．have more food	B．release poison
C．planting	D．plant more crops

2. From the example in Paragraph 3．we learn that       ．

A．eating tuna fish is sometimes a great danger

B．water pollution is a serious problem in Japan

C．factories and industries should be closed in Japan

D．water pollution can do great harm to people’s health

3. The underlined word“release”probably means       ．

A．释放

B．吸收

C．生产

D．运用

4. What is the best title for the passage?

A．Industrial water pollution

B．Agriculture water pollution

C．Reasons for water pollution

D．Ways to solve water pollution

4 . “An Englishman，even if he is alone，forms an orderly queue of one'”wrote a famous British author ,George Mikes．While this sounds funny，it’s a popular English stereotype (刻板印象)．From the supermarket to the subway，queues are a common sight on the streets of Britain．
Here in China，queues are normal，too．It is a part of everyday life. People queue most of
the time from buying tickets in the cinema to waiting for seats at a restaurant ·But in certain situations ,you'll find yourself in the middle of a rushing crowd ,such as getting onto the subway．Even away   from the busy subway platform，queues are different·
One day I was standing in line at the supermarket．I left a small space in front of me. Within seconds，a girl walked by and took her place in that small space. I was surprised at first ,but later I found these experiences very interesting．It is with these small ,every day differences that I get to live and learn in a new culture·
Back in Britain，the person spends about six months of their life waiting in a queue，according to the auction site MadBid．To pass the time，maybe they tell themselves the famous
proverb：Good things come to those who wait．
1. From the passage，we know that the English are famous for        ．

A．being rude and loud

B．traveling on subways

C．forming an orderly queue

D．standing in line at the supermarket

2. How did the writer feel when the girl jumped the queue?

A．From annoyed to calm．

B．From calm to angry．

C．From surprised to interested．

D．From shocked to angry．

3. The passage is mainly about       ．

A．comparing queuing in two cultures

B．praising the English tor good manners

C．calling on people in China to queue more

D．explaining why people rush in some situations

4. Where would you most probably read this passage?

A．Novel．	B．Poster．
C．Newspaper．	D．Science magazine·

5 . B
People use their mouths for many things. They eat, talk, shout and sing. They smile and they kiss. In the English language, there are many meanings using the word “mouth”. But some of them are not so nice.
For example, if you say bad things about a person, the person might protest (抗议) and say “Do not bad mouth me.”
Sometimes, people say something to a friend or family member that they later regret(后悔) because it hurts that person’s feelings. Or they tell the person something they were not supposed to tell. The speaker might say, “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.” In other words, he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing.
Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend is going to say. When this happens, the friend might say, “You took the words right out of my mouth!”
Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. There is an expression for this, too. You might say such a person “was born with a silver spoon in his mouth”.
This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives “from hand to mouth”. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.
1. “I really put my foot in my mouth this time” means _________.

A．I regretted I had done the thing	B．I really did this
C．I have never done this thing	D．I want to do this thing

2. When your friend took the words right out of your mouth, you can say “_________”.

A．You are clever	B．I am very lucky
C．We have the same idea	D．I am very angry

3. If a person lives from hand to mouth, he must be very _________.

A．rich

B．poor

C．happy

D．sad

4. The passage mainly tells us _________.

A．everyone in England has the same mouth

B．people use their mouths to eat, talk, shout and sing

C．rich persons’ mouths are quite different with the poor persons’

D．the word “mouth” has many different meanings in the English language

6 . It’s something familiar to all parents of young children： you’re in a busy shopping street and your child wants to pee（小便）and he just can’t hold it any longer．But two parents’ decision to let their child relieve（释放）himself has caused much attention in China．
By now, it seems, the whole Chinese Internet is familiar with what happened on a crowded Hong Kong shopping street．A mother holds a nappy（尿布）while her two-year-old pees．A passerby took pictures which then were put online．The woman explained that they had found a public toilet（厕所）but saw there was a long queue, so she had no other choice but to let their child to relieve himself on the street instead．
Why has this one child’s act caused so much upset? Allowing a child under 12 to “____________ in any public street” is against the law in Hong Kong and the parents will face a 2,000 Hong Kong Dollar（$250）fine（罚款）．But the on-line chatter has put all the attention on the fact that this family were tourists from mainland China, rather than being locals．“For Hong Kongers, people might think from time to time that mainlanders are not so polite and often break the public rules,” says Martin Yip of BBC．Charmaine Chui, who was born in Hong Kong, told BBC she feels angry to have seen mainland tourists peeing in shopping centers and restaurants．“Hong Kong is a beautiful, modern city．What do these people think of it?” she says．
In mainland China, there has also been criticism of the parents’ behavior．But most of the people say they find the parents’ behavior understandable as they had tried to find a toilet for their child and the mother used a paper nappy rather than simply allowing the baby to pee on the ground．
1. The child peed ________ in HK．

A．on a crowded shopping street

B．in a public toilet

C．at home

D．in a restaurant

2. The underlined phrase “answer the call of nature” means _________．

A．回归自然	B．接自然打来的电话
C．上厕所	D．接电话

3. Charmaine Chui feels ____ to have seen mainland tourists peeing in shopping centers and restaurants．

A．understandable

B．sorry

C．angry

D．happy

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．A policeman took photos of the 2-year-old child and put them online．

B．It’s OK for children under 12 to pee wherever they like in Hong Kong．

C．All the Chinese feel very angry about the parents’ behavior．

D．In mainland China, most of the people find the parents’ behavior understandable．

7 . Graffiti is a common feature of most Western cities．The word graffiti was from the Greek word, graphein, which only meant writing．These days, however, the word means drawing or writing on the walls of buildings, or the public transportation, such as trains or buses．
Graffiti, as a form of expression, was born in New York during the 1960s and 1970s．At that time, a new modern culture about city life appeared．Graffiti was a written form of expression of that life．Later, it was mixed with a musical form called hip-hop that was another expression of the city life．
At first, graffiti artists used pens．But then, with the development of graffiti, they became experienced．They turned to using spray paint（喷漆罐）．Spray paint allowed them to draw a greater area．And it also allowed them to work quickly．
At present, different people have different ideas about graffiti．Some people say it makes the cities dirty．It isn’t allowed by many local governments in America．The governments spend more than a million dollars a year cleaning graffiti．The money, they say, could be better spent on health or education．Other people think it is a form of art．In fact, the works of some famous graffiti artists can be found in museums, galleries, and art books．
1. Which is the present meaning of the underlined word “graffiti” now?

A．书法

B．沙画

C．涂鸦

D．油画

2. How many forms of expression of city life are mentioned in the second paragraph（段落）?

A．One．

B．Two．

C．Three．

D．Four．

3. Why did graffiti artists use spray paint?

A．Because they could work quickly．

B．Because they could spend less money．

C．Because they could paint a smaller area．

D．Because they could express themselves clearly．

4. What’s the article mainly about?

A．The meaning of graffiti．

B．Different expressions of graffiti．

C．Different attitudes（态度）towards graffiti．

D．The history and the development of graffiti．

8 . Stress（压力）is everywhere in our everyday life．Men, women, the young and the old sometimes have stress．
The most important reasons of stress are： death, diseases, exams, making money, changing jobs, ending friendships and so on．
How do you know whether you have stress? Could you give your answers to the following questions?

	Yes	No
Do you easily get angry?
Do you often sleep badly?
Do you get headaches a lot?
Do you take sleeping pills?
Do you find it difficult to relax?
Do you smoke and drink a lot to keep quiet?
Do you find it difficult to put your heart into something?

If you answer “Yes” to more than two of these questions, you are one of those people with stress．So what can you do about it?
Doing relaxing exercise, talking with friends and listening to light music are all usual ways   relieving（减轻）stress．However, doctors now say that there are easier ways — people should laugh and smile more often．When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes．They also say that people, especially men, should cry more often, because crying is the natural way of relieving stress．
1. Which of the followings is NOT one of the most important reasons of stress according to the passage?

A．Taking exams．	B．Taking sleeping pills．
C．Making money．	D．Ending friendships．

2. What’s the easier way to relax your body?

A．Talking with friends．

B．Doing relaxing exercise．

C．Laughing, smiling and crying．

D．Listening to music．

3. The main idea of the passage is about _________．

A．a survey of people with stress

B．the reasons for having stress

C．who has stress easily

D．stress and how to relieve your stress

9 . Every day in China， about 200 million children go to school．Many of them take school buses．What should we do to keep these students safe on the road?
On April 5， the State Council （国务院） published new rules about school bus safety．These new rules are stricter than the old ones.
Under the new rules， local governments must make sure that students go to nearby schools or boarding （寄宿的） schools to reduce traffic risks．Also， local governments must help kids in the countryside reach their school buses.
From now on， school buses have a speed limit （限制） of 80 km/h on highways and 60km/h on normal roads．While on the road， other cars must let school buses go first.
The new rules also say that school buses must never be overloaded （超载的）.
There are many other rules as well．A school bus must have more than seven seats．On each bus， there must be at least one adult to keep an eye on the kids．Each school bus must have a fire extinguisher （灭火器）， a first aid kit （急救箱） and a GPS.
Last year， a series of school bus accidents happened in China．To stop such accidents， the Central Government decided to strengthen （加强） the rules for school buses.
The most serious accident happened in Gansu in November， when a nine-seat minibus crashed （碰撞）．There were 62 children inside， and 21 of them died.
1. What did the State Council publish on April 5?

A．New rules about school bus safety.

B．New rules about students’ safety.

C．New rules about students’ home.

D．New rules about class.

2. Under the new rules， which of the following is NOT true?

A．School buses can go first when there are other cars.

B．School buses must drive 80 km/h or less on highways.

C．School buses must drive 50 km/h or less on normal roads.

D．School buses must have at least one adult to look after the kids.

3. According to the new rules， a school bus must have the following EXCEPT _______.

A．a GPS

B．more than seven seats

C．a parents of one of the students

D．a fire extinguisher and a first aid kit

4. According to the passage， the government made new rules because __________.

A．21 students died in school bus accidents last year

B．school buses in China were not safe enough before

C．200 million children in China go to school by bus every day

D．the government encourages all students to take school buses

10 . I am a professor of sports and exercise so I often deal with nervousness in my research with sports people．Actually, most people experience nervousness at some time or another．
If you are feeling anxious, my advice is to first find the cause or causes．Make s list of those things that are making you nervous and work out which ones you can do something about．Focus all of your efforts on managing the causes that you can control．
Most people cannot tell the difference between controllable（可控制的） and uncontrollable causes, so things they can’t control become a big reason for nervousness．Dealing with this is very important if people want to keep a healthy mind．
Simply try to accept the uncontrollable causes of nervousness．You might be worried about the weather on a big day, an accident or an attack on the train, or perhaps just things that other people are doing at work．The results may be very important but there is still no use worrying because you can’t control any of these things．Accept that you can’t control everything．Once you understand this, it becomes easier not to worry．
If a situation, such as swimming, is causing you to be anxious, try to face it as often as possible so that you can get used to it．
It can often help to think about yourself doing the thing that make s you nervous—then close your eyes and imagine it going well．Imagine how the flight or job interview is going to happen so that you can get used to it．This will help you understand that the thing you fear most is probably not going to happen．
1. The writer thinks there is no use worrying about some causes of nervousness because_____．

A．most are not very important

B．they are not the real causes of the problem

C．they cannot be controlled by people

D．it’s better to deal with one cause at a time

2. If swimming makes you nervous, what should you do according to the writer?

A．Go swimming often to get used to it．

B．Avoid going to the swimming pool．

C．Find a swimming teacher．

D．Imagine watching others swim．

3. What is true about nervousness according to the passage?

A．It usually has only one cause．

B．It is usually caused by people．

C．People can easily manage it．

D．Most people suffer from it．

4. What is the main purpose of this passage?

A．To introduce the writer’s sports experience．

B．To advise on how to deal with nervousness．

C．To help people remember their fears．

D．To explain the dangers of nervousness．