23-24高二下·全国·课前预习
1 . 知识点五 导函数的定义
从求函数
在
处导数的过程可以看出,当
时,
是一个唯一确定的数.这样,当x变化时,
就是x的函数,我们称它为
的________ (简称导数).
的导函数记作________ 或________ ,即![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d9be1c518c1663eee81b4d13c8db456a.png)
.
从求函数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4fe7d5809da02c15a43a0e9a898b9086.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11abb76da45ffa52b47c3a6b9a03ac7e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11abb76da45ffa52b47c3a6b9a03ac7e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/16515ca05229fe341868d8c23d9f2642.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d31f9ce464f2ce3b24833b70595941c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51c530f4b7491b95acb8ce3eef9aa09d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51c530f4b7491b95acb8ce3eef9aa09d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d9be1c518c1663eee81b4d13c8db456a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b4dcfdf0e8025c212c98808075d8afad.png)
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23-24高二下·全国·课前预习
2 . 导数的几何意义
函数
在点
处的导数的几何意义是曲线
在点
处的切线的斜率.也就是说,曲线
在点
处的切线的斜率是________ 相应地,切线方程为________ .
函数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/942c2141d01bde6b48210c56a17fc75e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11abb76da45ffa52b47c3a6b9a03ac7e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/942c2141d01bde6b48210c56a17fc75e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/25be20e3724274132cb83b16deaeecfc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/942c2141d01bde6b48210c56a17fc75e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/25be20e3724274132cb83b16deaeecfc.png)
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23-24高二下·全国·课前预习
3 . 割线斜率与切线斜率
设函数
的图象如图所示,直线AB是过点
与点
的一条割线,此割线的斜率是![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85d193fe41eabf97168e5f5016324b7a.png)
________ .于是,当Δx→0时,割线AB的斜率无限趋近于过点A的切线AD的斜率k,即k=________ =
设函数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51c530f4b7491b95acb8ce3eef9aa09d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c2cec274d055a711936934698b13997.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/905ac6407cb466d2434da38a7c5bc058.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85d193fe41eabf97168e5f5016324b7a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a8c1639ce321a0e100bdc793f61df3c3.png)
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23-24高二下·全国·课前预习
4 . 知识点三 函数在某点处的导数
如果当Δx→0时,平均变化率
无限趋近于一个确定的值,即
有极限,则称
在
处可导,并把这个确定的值叫做
在
处的导数(也称为瞬时变化率),记作________ ,即
=![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6964df77cd765effefff5e6405c90098.png)
=![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6964df77cd765effefff5e6405c90098.png)
.
如果当Δx→0时,平均变化率
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b7688109e1a422042e8ce925007582a5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b7688109e1a422042e8ce925007582a5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c7028a5fa4d781d382ca3b73b74796e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a12609054bd6ea75c0ab3214bb2e0b1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c7028a5fa4d781d382ca3b73b74796e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a12609054bd6ea75c0ab3214bb2e0b1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/16515ca05229fe341868d8c23d9f2642.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6964df77cd765effefff5e6405c90098.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b7688109e1a422042e8ce925007582a5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6964df77cd765effefff5e6405c90098.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/504633259a36f33bb8e323620998b675.png)
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23-24高二下·全国·课前预习
5 . 知识点二 函数的平均变化率
对于函数
,设自变量x从
变化到
,相应地,函数值y就从
变化到
.这时,x的变化量为
,y的变化量为![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/03d9fb03d75c63e426c3c169d9844b7f.png)
________ 我们把比值
,即![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cd6989eef65f4476379f1a16f30cf5b1.png)
叫做函数
从
到
的平均变化率.
对于函数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51c530f4b7491b95acb8ce3eef9aa09d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d47db6b322f19cefcd70d0f8433917f0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7417645b760b0e03cfe0bcdaa6a1d93e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7d807ae26a784ed501d17c49adb96750.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d1268e217016ff7e12b9bc51341c4cde.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/03d9fb03d75c63e426c3c169d9844b7f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a1fde86bac61c7b0b0698580f7675a1f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cd6989eef65f4476379f1a16f30cf5b1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f29cd82a9de670075d0ac5727e52b3e6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51c530f4b7491b95acb8ce3eef9aa09d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d47db6b322f19cefcd70d0f8433917f0.png)
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23-24高二下·全国·课前预习
6 . 知识点一 瞬时速度
瞬时速度的定义
(1)物体在________ 的速度称为瞬时速度.
(2)一般地,设物体的运动规律是
,则物体在
到
这段时间内的平均速度为![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4cdb783174b72ceae5100dc051c4d925.png)
.如果
无限趋近于0时,
无限趋近于某个常数v,我们就说当
无限趋近于0时,
的________ 是v,这时v就是物体在时刻
时的瞬时速度,即瞬时速度![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8354e2efafc38e2f2e4f0f92dd89d618.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4cdb783174b72ceae5100dc051c4d925.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/793345c6e43ebc1e9e7037421d4dc9d8.png)
.
瞬时速度的定义
(1)物体在
(2)一般地,设物体的运动规律是
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0e418a26507298f6829feec0d07def04.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0d9fd58e71dcae6cafaf9037d20ebd76.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f19c2d30ba888aa60e5b05534cf32014.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4cdb783174b72ceae5100dc051c4d925.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/af222fdff32ce2bcb3992a60ef694a9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54ec106b92bc77e6716692a61a15a0d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e9f58827347f7739452efeff88902307.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54ec106b92bc77e6716692a61a15a0d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e9f58827347f7739452efeff88902307.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/82120861c1c4f7cc1a7a3f169f082a81.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8354e2efafc38e2f2e4f0f92dd89d618.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4cdb783174b72ceae5100dc051c4d925.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/793345c6e43ebc1e9e7037421d4dc9d8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/af222fdff32ce2bcb3992a60ef694a9f.png)
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23-24高二下·全国·课前预习
7 . 知识点三 导数的运算法则
已知
,
为可导函数,且
.
(1)![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/102f5fa5fc56cc91b36b256653dbd307.png)
______ .
(2)![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3788a9fea4a60d4e107eaa0a41eae60a.png)
______ ,特别地,![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f742e4258a9b3ae1ba4967d7f34e6fcb.png)
______ .
(3)![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bae54ea79b90e1710336975ad63f55cd.png)
______ .
已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09f86f37ec8e15846bd731ab4fcdbacd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4669810732b633b60dbeaf0bf57204f6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b3f1a17ec04e606e9159f7a22b144008.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/102f5fa5fc56cc91b36b256653dbd307.png)
(2)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3788a9fea4a60d4e107eaa0a41eae60a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f742e4258a9b3ae1ba4967d7f34e6fcb.png)
(3)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bae54ea79b90e1710336975ad63f55cd.png)
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23-24高二下·全国·课前预习
8 . 知识点二 基本初等函数的导数公式
原函数 | 导函数 |
![]() ![]() | ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() |
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名校
解题方法
9 . 已知函数
在
上可导,若
,则
( )
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09f86f37ec8e15846bd731ab4fcdbacd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a43b2faa4f81f32d94612dce724e772b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6d2bd4306d20e0e30c103c0c03d3bb2a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/55885bec08177e2ab4dbaef3b36e38c3.png)
A.9 | B.12 | C.6 | D.3 |
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2024-04-01更新
|
367次组卷
|
11卷引用:河北省廊坊市固安县马庄中学等2校2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试数学试题
河北省廊坊市固安县马庄中学等2校2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试数学试题(已下线)第01讲 导数的概念与运算-【寒假预科讲义】2024年高二数学寒假精品课(人教A版2019)(已下线)第5章 导数及其应用章末题型归纳总结(1)(已下线)第5章:导数及其应用章末重点题型复习(1)(已下线)专题1.1 导数的概念及其意义(七个重难点突破)-2023-2024学年高二数学下学期重难点突破及混淆易错规避(人教A版2019)(已下线)6.1.1&6.1.2 函数的平均变化率、导数及其几何意义(4知识点+6题型+强化训练)-【帮课堂】2023-2024学年高二数学同步学与练(人教B版2019选择性必修第三册)(已下线)第六章:导数章末重点题型复习(1)(已下线)5.1 导数的概念及其意义(6大题型)精讲-2023-2024学年高二数学题型分类归纳讲与练(人教A版2019选择性必修第二册)山东省济宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期质量检测(二)数学试题吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次月考数学试题吉林省长春市实验中学2023-2024学年高二下学期5月期中考试数学试题
2024高二下·全国·专题练习
解题方法
10 . 已知函数,其中
.若
在区间[1,4]上的最小值为8,则a的值为
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