名校
1 . 第二次世界大战期间,了解德军坦克的生产能力对盟军具有非常重要的战略意义.已知德军的每辆坦克上都有一个按生产顺序从1开始的连续编号.假设德军某月生产的坦克总数为N,随机缴获该月生产的n辆(
)坦克的编号为
,
,…,
,记
,即缴获坦克中的最大编号.现考虑用概率统计的方法利用缴获的坦克编号信息估计总数N.
甲同学根据样本均值估计总体均值的思想,用
估计总体的均值,因此
,得
,故可用
作为N的估计.
乙同学对此提出异议,认为这种方法可能出现
的无意义结果.例如,当
,
时,若
,
,
,则
,此时
.
(1)当
,
时,求条件概率
;
(2)为了避免甲同学方法的缺点,乙同学提出直接用M作为N的估计值.当
,
时,求随机变量M的分布列和均值
;
(3)丙同学认为估计值的均值应稳定于实际值,但直观上可以发现
与N存在明确的大小关系,因此乙同学的方法也存在缺陷.请判断
与N的大小关系,并给出证明.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8a5e1bb2637455d05313a112c5d745bc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/096b1ece1dcd29c59a46a4b3e02cb548.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5031a3a951c4a1d1c5e9f80a5e26513.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/93d0f3799612b81e85b87241ec8eee68.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2dcf3400c1490071b390aaac0ad0e102.png)
甲同学根据样本均值估计总体均值的思想,用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/afb1694f46c040a6c976b2ef3eb3934b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/120e4da3fe22be28b3bb28f28fbcc862.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/92da09d5877d3dfe1a856b6353b81906.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7b7171e0c9c26b9f39a32d3a61d113cf.png)
乙同学对此提出异议,认为这种方法可能出现
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b8a1bd336033c63bc9c4f99ff2b482b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ebcc133d5b11b33a904875182d8c8261.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be604061cf1591f7069472269d4c9719.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c50a1cf3b1a6f9a12605cbdf48e5de5c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/49bf4a59874878184dadeec74d1781d2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/53722e8f43d44f9c611398ddaab151f3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/afac93e0089a7ffca9a1f720e13b6878.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de3874d2e8c49308151837161d7aa91c.png)
(1)当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ebcc133d5b11b33a904875182d8c8261.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be604061cf1591f7069472269d4c9719.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1b9b7c101f267bbf233da7d3ac30e6f0.png)
(2)为了避免甲同学方法的缺点,乙同学提出直接用M作为N的估计值.当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/270e5f2895909d5b6b6c612a8696565b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fac3649308b528fd56545ba102dc42d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/348388b2590255369527f86fd6be63c3.png)
(3)丙同学认为估计值的均值应稳定于实际值,但直观上可以发现
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/348388b2590255369527f86fd6be63c3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/348388b2590255369527f86fd6be63c3.png)
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2024-06-11更新
|
714次组卷
|
3卷引用:浙江省(杭州二中、绍兴一中、温州中学、金华一中、衢州二中)五校联考2024届高考数学模拟卷
名校
解题方法
2 . 某大学有甲、乙两个运动场.假设同学们可以任意选择其中一个运动场锻炼,也可选择不锻炼,一天最多锻炼一次,一次只能选择一个运动场.若同学们每次锻炼选择去甲或乙运动场的概率均为
,每次选择相互独立.设王同学在某个假期的三天内去运动场锻炼的次数为
,已知
的分布列如下:(其中
)
(1)记事件
表示王同学假期三天内去运动场锻炼
次
,事件
表示王同学在这三天内去甲运动场锻炼的次数大于去乙运动场锻炼的次数.当
时,试根据全概率公式求
的值;
(2)是否存在实数
,使得
?若存在,求
的值:若不存在,请说明理由;
(3)记
表示事件“甲运动场举办锻炼有奖的抽奖活动”,
表示事件“王同学去甲运动场锻炼”,
.已知王同学在甲运动场举办锻炼有奖的抽奖活动的情况下去甲运动场锻炼的概率,比不举办抽奖活动的情况下去甲运动场锻炼的概率大,证明:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f89eef3148f2d4d09379767b4af69132.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e362ab25e6f8719efd1b515094b69561.png)
![]() | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e819b87f90651d89fcd258c276294e43.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2c05b9832b09731a574d4a4adf7448de.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1eef5855dd54b607a61027e0b212cd61.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f970f380a12c843bb4a74ff34a15b2ac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/108ab49f370919e730e3567070deee65.png)
(2)是否存在实数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1010846eeec6c9da29640f5aa3f8738.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/667df0f959f5626681d6d9aecaf05be1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1010846eeec6c9da29640f5aa3f8738.png)
(3)记
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6efafab9402e42c2212489d7b9408c4b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/12a3dad8b84d4b66d6f4a6f60adcc79e.png)
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