1 . Camberwell College Swimming Pools
Camberwell College of Arts has one 50m (Olympic sized) pool with a depth of 2m throughout, and one 25m pool with a 1m shallow end and a 4m deep end. Both pools may be used by the general public at certain times.
50m Pool
The pool is often used for classes, but the general public may use two lanes（泳道）for lane swimming at the following times.
Monday: 06:30-11:30 and 19:00-21:00
Tuesday: 06:30-11:30 and 18:00-21:00
Wednesday: 06:30-13:30 and 17:30-21:30
Thursday: 06:30-13:30
Friday: 06:30-13:30
Weekends: 09:00-17:00
Children under the age of 14 must be accompanied by an adult.
Please note that during College holidays, these times will be different. Call 04837 393560 for up-to-date information.
25m Pool
The 25m pool is available for recreational (non-lane) swimming from 07:00-09:00 and 12:30-13:30 on weekdays, and 10:00-16:00 on Saturdays.
Children aged 12 and under must be accompanied.
We regret that the 25m pool will be closed for redecoration between 21st July and 18th August. The men’s changing rooms will be closed for the week beginning 19th August, and the women’s changing rooms will be closed the following week. Alternative（可选用的）changing rooms will be made available. We’re sorry for this.
1. When can the general public use the 50m pool on Sundays?| A．06:30. | B．13:30. |
| C．18:00. | D．21:00. |
| A．It’s 4 meters deep. | B．It’s usually used for teaching. |
| C．It’s unsuitable for children under 14. | D．It’s unavailable during College holidays. |
| A．for a week | B．on 26th August |
| C．on 19th August | D．for about a month |
2 . You can use your smartphone to get pretty much anything delivered directly to your door almost immediately. The hardest part is the process of trying to work out if you should tip and if so, doing the quick math before you get to the door. And, you know well that you should tip about 15-20% at restaurants, but do the same rules apply to delivery drivers?
The co-founder of Grubhub, Matt Maloney, pretty much set the standard for tipping delivery people in a Facebook post. He’s a strong supporter of tipping, and Grubhub’s website suggests a $5 or a 20% tip. Maloney also said this number should go up if you order during, say, a snowstorm.
However, most other delivery services say on their websites that tipping is not required. Some services, like Door Dash, do suggest no tip on their checkout window. Many, like Amazon Prime Now, allow customers to change their tip amount after their delivery has been received to reflect the quality of service. These companies help customers save money but delivery drivers are upset. They deal with bad weather, heavy traffic, extreme tiredness, and more, all for a $1 tip. Many feel that if you’d tip your pizza boy or girl, you should tip your delivery driver.
The Emily Post Institute (EPI)’s official suggestion falls in line with Maloney’s: “10-15% of the bill, or $2-5 for pizza delivery depending on the size of the order and difficulty of delivery.”
Just like servers in a restaurant, delivery drivers almost always rely on your tips for their income. Tipping is a long-standing cultural tradition in America. So, until drones (无人机) can deliver hot dogs straight to your door, it’s best to tip the people riding through the city at all hours to bring you hot fresh food.
1. What do we know about tipping delivery drivers?| A．It is not widely accepted. |
| B．It upsets many delivery services |
| C．It can’t reflect the quality of service |
| D．It is a deeply rooted tradition in America. |
| A．The EPI. | B．DoorDash. |
| C．Grubhub. | D．Amazon Prime Now. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Unconcerned |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Supportive. |
3 . "Why do we have to learn all this dumb stuff?"
Of all the complaints and questions I have heard from my students during my years in the classroom, this was the one most frequently asked. I would answer it by telling the following legend.
One night a group of nomads(游牧民) were preparing to retire for the evening when suddenly they were surrounded by a great light. They knew they were in the presence of a godly being. With great expectation, they awaited a heavenly message of great importance that they knew must be especially for them.
Finally, the voice spoke, "Gather as many pebbles (鹅卵石) as you can. Put them in your bags. Travel a day's journey and tomorrow night will find you glad and it will find you sad."
The nomads shared their disappointment and anger with each other. They had expected the
inspiration of a great universal truth that would enable them to create wealth, health and purpose for the world. But instead they were given a silly task that made no sense to them at all. However, the memory of the brilliance of their visitor caused each one to pick up a few pebbles and store them in their bags while voicing their displeasure.
They traveled a day's journey and that night while making camp, they reached into their bags and discovered every pebble they had gathered had become a diamond. They were glad they had diamonds. They were sad they had not gathered more pebbles.
It was an experience I had with a student, whom I shall call Alan, early in my teaching career that illustrated the truth of that legend to me.
When Alan was in the eighth grade, he majored in "trouble" with a minor in "suspensions (停学)". He had studied how to be a bully and was getting his master's degree in "thievery".
Every day I had my students memorize a quotation from a great thinker. As I called roll, I would begin a quotation. To be counted present, the student would be expected to finish the thought.
"Alice Adams--- 'There is no failure except..."'
"'In no longer trying.' I'm present, Mr. Schlatter."
So, by the end of the year, my young pupils would have memorized 150 great thoughts.
"People nowadays know the price of everything and the value of nothing."
"No pains, no gains."
"If you can conceive it, and believe it, you can achieve it."
No one complained about this daily routine other than Alan - right up to the day he was expelled(开除) and I lost touch with him for five years. Then one day, he called. He was in a special program at one of the neighboring colleges and had just finished parole（假释）.
He told me that after being sent to juvenile hall (少管所) and finally being shipped off to the
California Youth Authority for his wrong doings, he had become so disgusted with himself that he had taken a razor blade and cut his wrists.
He said, "You know what, Mr. Schlatter, as I lay there with my life running out of my body, I
suddenly remembered that quote you made me write 20 times one day." There is no failure except in no longer trying." Then it suddenly made sense to me. As long as I was alive, I wasn't a failure, but if I allowed myself to die, I would most certainly die a failure. So with my remaining strength, I called for help and started a new life."
At the time he had heard the quotation, it was a pebble. When he needed guidance in a moment of crisis, it had become a diamond. And so it is to you I say, gather all the pebbles you can, and you can count on a future filled with diamonds.
1. What does the underlined sentence "it will find you sad" mean?| A．The God told the nomads to gather pebbles that made no sense to them. |
| B．The pebbles won't enable the nomads to create fortune. |
| C．The God didn't give the nomads the message they expected. |
| D．The nomads regretted not having gathered as many pebbles as possible. |
| A．They were given a silly task that made no sense to them at all. (Para. 5) |
| B．He majored in "trouble" with a minor in "suspensions. (Para. 8) |
| C．People nowadays know the price of everything and the value of nothing. (Para. 13) |
| D．You can count on a future filled with diamonds. (Para. 19) |
| A．Not all the nomads gathered and stored some pebbles in their bags. |
| B．Students who finished the half-sentence quotation were counted present. |
| C．All students don't like the daily routine of finishing the half-sentence quotation. |
| D．It was the strong faith of never dying a failure that saved Alan's life. |
| A．He hated the hard life in the juvenile hall. |
| B．He was expelled by the school in the end. |
| C．He was badly treated at the California Youth Authority. |
| D．He felt so disappointed and hopeless about himself and his future. |
| A．sympathy and kindness | B．wisdom and patience |
| C．generosity and creativity | D．faith and devotion |
| A．A naughty trouble-marker. | B．Pebbles and nomads. |
| C．The magic pebble. | D．A quotation that saved life. |
4 . Similarities between Donald Trump and Harry Potter’s enemy, Lord Voldemort, did not go
The political messages of this wildly popular series have drawn much attention. J.K. Rowling once explained, “I wanted Harry to find the same problems in the wizarding world about the importance of group purity.” Lord Voldemort backs up the clearance of impure bloods. During Voldemort’s time
On top of that, there is a consensus surrounding at least three themes, which played an important role in Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign. They are widely viewed as
Tolerance of Difference
As Gerson and others have noted, “
Opposition to Punitive (惩罚性的) Policies
The Harry Potter series also promotes non-violent
Anti-authoritarianism
The main characters in Harry Potter
Can Harry Potter win over Donald Trump? This question remains to be answered. All the messages appear to be influential in changing Harry Potter readers' views as well as their support for Trump. Perhaps most importantly, these findings raise the hope that Harry Potter can stop the Deathly Donald and make America great again in the eyes of the world, just as Harry did by
| A．unmentioned | B．unnoticed | C．unpunished | D．unknown |
| A．featuring | B．printing | C．starring | D．including |
| A．delicate | B．poor | C．miserable | D．weak |
| A．in danger | B．in power | C．in charge | D．in place |
| A．consistent | B．constant | C．steady | D．stable |
| A．dirty | B．humble | C．impure | D．noble |
| A．should do | B．will do | C．do | D．did |
| A．called for | B．called forth | C．called out | D．called off |
| A．list | B．register | C．remember | D．label |
| A．opposed | B．objected to | C．objecting | D．opposed to |
| A．freedom | B．tolerance | C．equality | D．humanity |
| A．different | B．distinctive | C．discriminatory | D．favorable |
| A．incapable | B．capable | C．are incapable | D．are capable |
| A．praised | B．supported | C．teased | D．scolded |
| A．manners | B．medium | C．mode | D．means |
| A．characteristic | B．personality | C．representation | D．typical |
| A．the ends justify the means | B．all good things come to an end | C．a moment's beginning ends in a moment | D．all is well that ends well |
| A．said it | B．put it | C．noted it | D．meant it |
| A．join along | B．unite up | C．band together | D．bind together |
| A．accusing | B．robbing | C．ridding | D．relieving |
You’re only three years old, and at this point in your life you can’t read, much less understand what I’ll tell you in this letter. But I’ve been thinking a lot about the life that you have ahead of you, about my life so far as I reflect on what I’ve learned, and about my role as a dad in trying to prepare you for the trials(磨难) that you’ll face in the coming years.
You won’t be able to understand this letter today, but somebody, when you’re ready, I hope you will find some wisdom and value in what I share with you.
You are young, and life has not yet to show a cold face to you, to throw disappointments and loneliness and pain into your path. You have not been worn down yet by long hours of thankless work, by the slings and arrows of everyday life.
For this, be thankful. You are at a wonderful time of life. You have many wonderful stages of life still to come, but they are not without their costs and perils.
I hope to help you along your path by sharing some of the best of what I’ve learned. As with any advice, take it with a grain of salt. What works for me might not work for you.
Life Can Be CruelThere will be people in your life who won't be very nice. They’ll tease you because you’re different, or for no good reason. They might try to bully you or hurt you.
There’s not much you can do about these people except to learn to deal with them, and learn to choose friends who are kind to you, who actually care about you, who make you feel good about yourself. When you find friends like this, hold on to them, treasure them, spend time with them, be kind to them, love them.
There will be times when you are met with disappointment instead of success. Life won’t always turn out the way you want. This is just another thing you’ll have to learn to deal with. But instead of letting these things get you down, push on. Accept disappointment and learn to persevere, to pursue your dreams despite pitfalls. Learn to turn negatives into positives, and you’ll do much better in life.
You will also face heartbreak and abandonment by those you love. I hope you don’t have to face this too much, but it happens. Again, not much you can do but to heal, and to move on with your life. Let these pains become stepping stones to better things in life, and learn to use them to make you stronger.
But Be Open to life AnywayYes, you’ll find cruelty and suffering in your journey through life, but don’t let that close you to new things. Don’t move back from life, don’t hide or wall yourself off. Be open to new things, new experiences, new people.
You might get your heart broken 10 times, but find the most wonderful woman the 11th time. If you shut yourself off from love, you’ll miss out on that woman, and the happiest times of your life.
You might get teased and bullied and hurt by people you meet, and then after meeting dozens of jerks, find a true friend. If you close yourself off to new people, and don’t open your heart to them, you’ll avoid pain…, but also lose out on meeting some incredible people, who will be there during the toughest times of your life and create some of the best times of your life.
You will fail many times but if you allow that to stop you from trying, you will miss out on the amazing feeling of success once you reach new heights with your accomplishments. Failure is a stepping stone to success.
Life Isn’t a CompetitionYou will meet many people who will try to do better than you, in school, in college, at work. They’ll try to have nicer cars, bigger houses, nicer clothes, cooler gadgets. To them, life is a competition—they have to do better than their peers to be happy.
Here’s the secret: life isn’t a competition. It's a journey. If you spend that journey always trying to impress others, to outdo others, you’re wasting your journey. Instead, learn to enjoy the journey. Make it a journey of happiness, of constant learning, of continual improvement, of love.
Don’t worry about having a nicer car or house or anything material, or even a better-paying job. None of that matters a whit, and none of it will make you happier. You’ll acquire these things and then only want more. Instead, learn to be satisfied with having enough—and then use the time you would have wasted trying to earn money to buy those things… use that time doing things you love.
Finally, know that I love you and always will. You are starting out on an unknown, tiring, scary, but badly wonderful journey, and always remember I will be there for you when I can. Godspeed
Love, Your Dad
1. According to the father, all of the following are trials the son has to face except ________.| A．disappointment |
| B．pain |
| C．failure |
| D．loneliness |
| A．eating something together with some salt |
| B．taking it for granted |
| C．not accepting something completely |
| D．believing something firmly |
| A．You are too busy to spend time with your parents. |
| B．You fail in the mid-term exam despite your hard work. |
| C．Your best friend betrays you by giving away your secrets. |
| D．Your classmates tease, bully or hurt you. |
| A．telling stories |
| B．making comparisons(作比较) |
| C．analyzing causes(分析原因) |
| D．asking and answering questions |
| A．share some important wisdom and value with his son |
| B．try to persuade his son to get along well with his friends |
| C．make his son realize failure is unavoidable and he should get ready for that |
| D．prepare his son for the challenges he will face in the future |
6 . Given how valuable intelligence and automation (自动化) are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an ‘‘intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.
The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?
What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy a super intelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial or cyber, with unbelievable power.
Given that the companies and governments building super intelligent AI are likely to perceive themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some son of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
1. What message does Paragraph 3 convey?| A．Intelligence and automation are very valuable. |
| B．The improved machines will get away from us. |
| C．The presence of machines does conflict with our goals. |
| D．Future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy. |
| A．Time and tide wait for no man. |
| B．Rome wasn’t built in a day. |
| C．Tomorrow is another day. |
| D．Shot arrows will not come back. |
| A．By making comparisons. |
| B．By giving assumptions. |
| C．By showing valid evidence. |
| D．By analyzing statistics. |
| A．Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future. |
| B．Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually. |
| C．We should keep the development of AI within humans’ control. |
| D．Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AI. |
7 . Regrets are often painful. A study suggests that some people can overcome them, said Jia Wei Zhang, a psychology graduate at the University of California. But this isn’t the case for everyone, he said.
The researchers wondered why some people report feeling improvement from regrets but others don’t. Does it lie in how people approach their regrets?
In the study, the researchers focused on self-compassion (自我同情) as a potential factor in why some people have an easier lime leaving their regrets behind them.
400 people attended an experiment. First, they were asked to write about their biggest regret. Half wrote something they did but wish they hadn’t done; the other half wrote something they didn’t do but wish they had. Then, the participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: self compassion, self-esteem and a control group. The self-esteem group was asked to respond by “talking to yourself about this regret from the aspect of confirming your positive qualities”.
The control group was asked to write about their favorite hobby rather than their regret. Then, they were asked about their feelings of forgiveness, acceptance and personal improvement following the exercise.
They found that the self-compassion group reported greater feelings of acceptance, forgiveness and personal improvement, compared with the control group and the self esteem group. In other words, focusing on your best qualities is not what helps you feel better about a regret. Rather, being compassionate toward yourself is what may make a difference, the researchers found.
It’s possible that people who practice self-compassion are able to confront their regrets and see what went wrong, so they can make a better choice in the future, Zhang told Live Science. Self-compassion pushes people to accept their regret instead of running away from it.
The researchers used an example of this from a previous study on breast cancer patients who were asked to try thinking about their treatment in a positive light before it began. The women who did so reported greater feelings of personal growth later on.
1. What does the underlined word “confront” in Paragraph 7 mean?| A．Handle | B．Forget. |
| C．Ignore | D．Show. |
| A．Think of a way out. | B．Write about their regrets. |
| C．Record their favorite hobbies. | D．Treat their regrets in positive ways. |
| A．To cover up their regrets. |
| B．To see if they have weaknesses. |
| C．To see if they have self compassion. |
| D．To help them feel better about their regrets. |
| A．To show the method of the research. |
| B．To show the value of the acceptance. |
| C．To show the truth of people’s feeling. |
| D．To show the difficulty of the research. |
8 . In recent years, little free libraries of all shapes and sizes have popped up. Often built by community members, they could be found on street corners and the sidewalks across the United States, hoping to share their book collections with their neighbors. Minneapolis, Minnesota, even hosted the first Little Free Library Festival, where book fans came together to promote literacy (读写能力)in their communities.
For the most part, little free libraries have more in common with book sharing shelves in hotels, local parks, coffee shops and other public spaces than the traditional public library. Based on the rule of "take a book, leave a book," these little libraries can take many forms from birdhouse-like wooden structures to redesigned newspaper selling machines, Robert Wirsing writes for the Bronx Times.
The little free library organization began when a citizen of Hudson, Wisconsin, named Todd Bol built a little one-room schoolhouse, filled it with books and placed it in his front yard to honor his mother who passed away in 2009. Together with a local educator named Rick Brooks, the two began placing little free libraries across Wisconsin and sharing the idea with people across the country.
"Something we are eager for in this information age is that connection between people," Bol tells Margret Aldrich for Book Riot. "I want to show how Little Free Library is about readers inspiring readers. It goes on and on."
While Little Free Libraries seem like a harmless means to promote literacy by sharing books with neighbors, a few of the roadside landing libraries have caused minor legal problems. officials in Los Angeles and Shreveport, Louisiana, have told some citizens that their homemade libraries broke city roles and that they would have to remove them to avoid being fined.
Still, little free libraries have been well accepted by their commnunities. For anyone interested in making their own at home, the organization has posted helpful tips and guides for building the little book lending boxes in their neighborhoods.
1. What can we know about the little free libraries in America?| A．They are state-owned. |
| B．They are popular nationally. |
| C．They are set up to sell books. |
| D．They help those with no books to read. |
| A．They lie in many public places. |
| B．They share a large collection of books. |
| C．They compete with traditional public libraries. |
| D．They exist mainly in the form of wooden houses. |
| A．To remember his dead mother. |
| B．To help people form a habit of reading. |
| C．To set an example to other communities. |
| D．To share his knowledge, with other citizens. |
| A．They cause minor legal problems. |
| B．They should continue to exist. |
| C．They mean a lot to community members. |
| D．They should be supported by the government. |
9 . After years of research and testing, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It’s an interesting and exciting new improvement in today’s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve our natural resources.
The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car’s engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.
A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that’s not how it works. The 144-volt battery pack is actually recharged through the energy that is produced when the car’s brakes are used. This is referred to as “regenerative braking”, because it generates electricity.
Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time, this helps it use less gas than a regular car. When the driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.
Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probably wouldn’t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashes a warning on its computer screen that says, “I am low on gas”. When it completely runs out, the warning reads, “YOU ARE NOW OUT OF GAS!” Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．The hybrid car will be put on the market. |
| B．Hybrid cars run faster than regular cars. |
| C．When the hybrid car stops at a traffic light, the driver will get a warning. |
| D．The burning of fossil fuels is one of the largest sources of air pollution. |
| A．a high-tech discovery | B．energy saving |
| C．a new invention | D．a combination of two things |
| A．it allows the car to come to a quick stop | B．it gives the driver a smoother ride |
| C．it produces energy to charge the battery | D．it can control the speed of the car |
| A．They designed hybrid cars. |
| B．They outlawed(宣布……为不合法) the burning of fossil fuels. |
| C．They set important guidelines that help control pollution. |
| D．Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals. |
| A．They use less gas than regular cars. | B．They’re safer to drive than most cars. |
| C．They’re more modern than other cars. | D．They cost less than regular cars. |
10 . Mountaineers have noted that as they climb, for example, up to the 12,633 foot Humphreys Peak in Arizona, plant life changes greatly. In the Sonoran Desert, one climbs into a pine forest at 7,000 feet and a treeless tundra (冻土带) on the top of the mountain. It may seem that plants at a given altitude are associated in what can be called “communities” — groupings of species. The idea is that over time, plants that require particular climate and soil conditions come to live in the same places, and are frequently to be found together. Scientists study the history of plant life and build up a picture of how groups of plants have responded to climate changes and how ecosystems develop. But are these associations, which are real in the present, permanent?
A great natural experiment took place on this planet between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago, when small changes in the earth’s orbit caused great sheets of ice to spread from poles. These glaciers (冰川) covered much of North America and Europe to depths of up to two miles, and then, as the climate warmed, they retreated. During this retreat, they left behind newly uncovered land for living things to occupy, and as those living things moved in they laid down a record we can read now. As the ice retreated and plants started to grow near a lake, they release pollen (花粉). Some would fall into the lake, sink to the bottom and mix with the sand. By drilling into the lake bottom it is possible to read the record of the plant life around the lake. The fossil record seems clear; there is little or no evidence that entire groups of plants moved north together. Things that lived together in the past don’t live together now, and things that live together now didn’t live together in the past. Each individual living things moved at its own pace. The fossil record seems to be telling us that we should be thinking about preserving species by giving them room to move about — to respond to environmental changes.
1. According to the passage, the movement of individual species of plants ________.| A．occurs in groups |
| B．often depends upon the formation of lakes |
| C．does not occur in groups |
| D．depends upon climate and soil conditions |
| A．The ice age occurred when there were small changes in the orbit of the earth |
| B．fossil records seem to indicate that plants will be preserved if they have enough room to move |
| C．fossil records clearly show that entire groups of plants are unlikely to have moved together |
| D．in the ice age glaciers covered the world to depths of up to two miles |
| A．the responses of plants to climate changes |
| B．the current theories of ecosystems |
| C．the development of ecosystems |
| D．plant life changes |
| A．support the main idea of the first paragraph |
| B．answer the question raised in first paragraph |
| C．make suggestions about responding to environmental changes |
| D．stress the importance of preserving species |
