1 . Dinner customs are different around the world. If you are a dinner guest in Ghana(非洲的加纳), this information will help you.
In Ghana dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time in Ghana. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food.
When you go to a home, the host takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dinner room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.
In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else. But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.
Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw (锯) because it is very hard and like rubber（橡胶）. You must chew fufu well, or you can get sick. You eat fufu with fingers of your right hand only.
1. If you are a dinner guest to a family in Ghana, you’re first ________.| A．taken to the living-room | B．taken to the dinning-room |
| C．told some strict rules about dinner | D．told to wash your hands |
| A．the top of dish | B．the other side of the dish |
| C．the dish only for you | D．just one side of dish |
| A．what to eat in Ghana | B．how much time to spend on a dinner. |
| C．the way of eating | D．different food at a dinner |
| A．smell | B．taste | C．presses with your hands | D．crush with your teeth |
| A．dinner is always at six |
| B．rules for dinner time are not strict |
| C．a family offers food only at four |
| D．you don’t have to wash your hands again after dinner. |
2 . When Will Shortz was in eighth grade, at the age of 14, he had to write an article about what he wanted to do with his life. He wrote about his dream to become puzzle maker. That same year, he sold his first puzzle to the magazine Venture. By the age of 16, Will had sold many puzzles to magazines.
In college, Will found that there was no traditional way to study puzzles. There were no classes offered on puzzles. Luckily, after becoming bored with studying economics, Will learned that his university offered a special programme that allowed students to create unique fields of study. Will and his teachers then created new classes that studied on puzzle-making. Will studied puzzles mostly on his own.
Will did well in college, but he did not know how to get a job creating puzzles. For summer work, he joined the magazine Penny Press, where he realised that he could find work as a puzzle editor. Will then found job creating and editing puzzles for Games magazine. This seemed like a dream job because he could create new kinds of puzzles.
After 15 years at Games, Will then worked for The New York Times. When he first joined, the newspaper's crossword puzzle was very difficult, and only a few readers could finish it. Will made important alterations, such as including everyday language in the answers so that many more people could enjoy it. He made the crossword puzzle more interesting for more people.
1. When did Will sell his first puzzle?| A．Before he was 14. | B．When he was 14. |
| C．When he was 16. | D．After he was 16. |
| A．got no summer jobs | B．did well in economics |
| C．studied puzzles in traditional ways | D．created puzzle-making classes with his teachers |
| A．create new puzzles | B．make lots of money |
| C．help other puzzle makers | D．study puzzles on his own |
| A．respects | B．schedules | C．qualities | D．changes |
| A．explain the magic of puzzle-malting | B．tell the story of a great puzzle maker |
| C．compare different magazines with puzzles | D．encourage more people to create new |
3 . Students are sitting in a classroom at P.S.54, a public elementary school in Brooklyn, New York. When their teacher, Adrienne Heim, strikes a bell, they take a deep breath.
The kids are practicing mindfulness. That means they are learning to pay attention to the present moment. Why?
Being mindful can help people stay calm and focused, according to Heim. She is the founder of Green Generations. The organization brings mindfulness classes to eight schools in New York City.
Isafye Lewis, 10, has been taking in the class at P.S.54 for two years. "Mindfulness teaches me to relax, " he told TFK. "It really helps me feel better when I'm sad or angry."
At P.S.54, students practice mindfulness through deep breathing, movement, and relaxation exercises. But Heim says that mindfulness is about more than just staying calm. It also boosts confidence. "It helps children have a right attitude, " She says, "so they can make healthy decisions."
Recent research published in Developmental Psychology supports this view. The study also found that mindfulness training can help kids succeed in school. That's because it trains the brain to pay attention and manage stress.
"It doesn't solve math equations for kids," Mariam Gates, author of This Moment Is Your Life, told TFK. "But what mindfulness does for all of us is help us focus on the moment we're in, which is the only place we can learn, change, or grow."
But you don't have to be in a classroom to practice mindfulness. Gates says, "You can always bring your attention to this moment and change how you experience it."
1. Why do the students take a deep breath when the teacher strikes a bell?| A．They are afraid of the teacher. | B．They are practising mindfullness. |
| C．They are taking an exam. | D．They are having singing class. |
| A．How to take it easy. | B．How to stay focused. |
| C．How to stop being sad. | D．How to get high grades. |
| A．shakes. | B．studies. | C．raises. | D．requires. |
| A．It does little to help kids' studies. | B．It helps kids make decisions. |
| C．It makes kids less stressful. | D．It helps kids pay attention. |
| A．An organization centered on mindfulness. | B．A new study on mindfulness. |
| C．An introduction to mindfulness. | D．The influences of mindfulness. |
4 . If you have ever talked about your dreams with your friends, you may have noticed something interesting. Some of your friends rarely remember their dreams, while others can describe their dreams very clearly. Why do people remember dreams differently?
The answer is simple: they are two different types of dreamers --- low—recall dreamers and high-recall dreamers.
According to researchers at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center in France, high-recall dreamers reported they remembered their dreams almost every day while low — recall dreamers said they only remembered their dreams once or twice a month, reported Live Science.
Perrine Ruby, a lead scientist at the research center in Lyon, studied 41 people （21 high-recall dreamers and 20 low-recall dreamers） and recorded their brain activity.
She found that a part of the brain called the temporo-parietal junction （前颞顶叶交 界处）was more active in high-recall dreamers. This was true both when they were sleeping and awake.
This area of the brain is responsible for collecting and processing information from the outside world. This means that high-recall dreamers are more sensitive to what is happening around them. For example, when they are awake, they respond more strongly to hearing their own names. When they are sleeping, they tend to be woken up more easily by sounds and movements.
By closely studying people's brain activity, Ruby found that high-recall dreamers have twice as much "wakefulness during sleep as low-recall dreamers do. And it is during these short periods of wakefulness that the brain memorizes dreams.
This is not hard to understand. Just try to think of your own sleeping experience. If you are restless during the night, you are more likely to remember your dreams, but if you sleep well and soundly, you tend to remember very little in the morning. This is because “you never get a chance to remember”, Robert Stick gold, a Harvard Medical School researcher, told The Washington Post.
As another research project at the University of Turku in Finland showed, dream content can also affect our memory. Negative dreams are easier to recall than ordinary dreams. Nightmares （噩梦）are often recalled because they are emotionally negative, and such dreams evoke fear.
1. What can we know about high-recall dreamers according to the article?| A．They have very little brain activity when they sleep. |
| B．They can remember their dreams clearly. |
| C．They don't know how to describe their dreams. |
| D．They remember their dreams twice a week. |
| A．have higher quality sleep |
| B．have more sleepless nights |
| C．are more easily woken at night |
| D．respond faster when hearing their names |
| A．To explain Ruby's findings. |
| B．To attract readers' interest in future studies. |
| C．To show the advantages of being a low -recall dreamer. |
| D．To suggest what to do to become a low — recall dreamer. |
| A．Ordinary dreams can help our brain rest. |
| B．Dreams are often affected by our emotions. |
| C．Nightmares often happen when we don't sleep well. |
| D．Negative dreams are more likely to be recalled. |
| A．approve of | B．define | C．result in | D．extend |
5 . A mum saved her daughter's life with her newly learned first aid skills. Sonya Hall, 33, of Denny Avenue, Lancaster, had only just attended one first aid class the day before when she found herself needing to use the skills on her three-year-old daughter Tilly.
Sonya, who also has son Emmen, six, attended the first aid course at Lune Park Children's Centre in Lancaster. Then she was faced with every parent's worst nightmare when Tilly went blue in the face and stopped breathing. But thanks to her newly acquired skills, Sonya saved Tilly's life.
Sonya said, “Tilly was playing with her brother and they were fighting over a toy. Emmen won the fight. Tilly fell backwards and her head was hit. She was face down and shaking and at first I thought she was upset. But then I saw she was blue in the face and had stopped breathing. I reacted without thinking and immediately started using the first aid skills I had learned the day before which were so fresh in my mind. I began doing mouth-to-mouth and chest compression(胸外按压). It probably took about a minute before Tilly started breathing again, but to me it felt like a lifetime.”
After getting Tilly breathing again, Sonya called an ambulance and the doctors came. Since then, Tilly has been diagnosed with Reflex Anoxic Seizure(反射缺氧发作). Sonya said, “The seizure can happen when there's any unexpected pain, fear or fright. It's just so lucky that the day before it happened, I had been practicing first aid."
The Empowering Parents First Aid course is run by Lancashire Adult Learning. Sonya said, “I am just so glad I did the course and I learnt the first aid skills. I always feared I would not know what to do in a crisis situation, but luckily I had the knowledge and skills to deal with it.”
1. What happened to Tilly?| A．She was knocked down by her brother. |
| B．She fell on the floor and hit her head. |
| C．She was hit by a toy on the head and felt upset |
| D．She was hit by her brother and stopped breathing. |
| A．be crying | B．recognize her failure |
| C．pretend to be hurt | D．be very angry |
| A．Tilly's illness would last all her life. |
| B．Sonya was very nervous and frightened. |
| C．It was very difficult to give first aid. |
| D．It was a long time before Tilly got breathing again. |
| A．enjoyable | B．excited | C．grateful | D．awkward |
| A．Mum saves girl with first aid | B．How to practice first aid |
| C．The importance of first aid | D．Mums should attend first courses |
6 . In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has increased more than four times. In coastal water bodies, including the river mouth and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than 10 times since 1950. Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as the Earth warms. To stop the decline, the world needs to control in both climate change and nutrient pollution.
Oxygen is a must to life in the oceans. The drop in ocean oxygen is among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment.
This is the first time for the scientists to take such a deep look at the causes, consequences and solutions to low oxygen worldwide, in both the open ocean and in coastal waters. About half of the oxygen on the Earth comes from the ocean. However, combined effects of nutrient loading and climate change are greatly increasing the number and size of “dead zones”in the open ocean and coastal waters, where oxygen is too low to support most sea life.
In areas traditionally called “dead zones”, like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen drops to levels so low that many animals have trouble in breathing and die. As fish run away from these zones, their living areas become smaller and smaller. But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”. Even smaller oxygen drops can hold up the growth in animals, reproduction and lead to disease or even death. Low oxygen also can cause the release of dangerous chemicals. While some animals can thrive in dead zones, overall biodiversity falls.
1. What does the underlined word “decline” mean ?| A．Increase. | B．Drop. | C．Keep. | D．Double. |
| A．10%. | B．25%. | C．40%. | D．50%. |
| A．The oxygen in these areas is too low for the animals to live. |
| B．Ships are easy to break down and sink in these areas. |
| C．There are no animals living in these areas. |
| D．Many people died in these areas. |
| A．All animals living in the sea need oxygen. |
| B．Climate change can help cut down the dead zone. |
| C．Fish grow faster and better in low oxygen area. |
| D．Human activities have many bad effects on environment. |
| A．Dead zone in water is becoming larger. |
| B．Oxygen in water is necessary for sea animals. |
| C．The drop in ocean oxygen causes bad effects. |
| D．Low oxygen can cause the release of dangerous gas. |
7 . When you choose a friend, you should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults (过错) in others. He notices their good points. In short, good friends will be honest to each other and accept each other.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor , too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend!
1. If you have fair weather friends, ______ .| A．you will become rich |
| B．you can be sure that you get real friends |
| C．they will give you all that they have when you need help |
| D．you will be refused when you get into trouble |
| A．honesty | B．reliability |
| C．understanding | D．a sense of humor |
| A．understand each other's feelings |
| B．be helped with money |
| C．always point out each other's mistakes |
| D．have money or luck |
| A．the qualities of a friend |
| B．where to choose friends |
| C．how to get along with friends |
| D．the importance of having a friend |
8 . The undersea world is very beautiful. Now more and more people want to dive in the water to find the secrets there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. It can take you into a wonderful undersea world.
You will find many strange animals in the sea. Some are as large as a school bus. Many sea animals give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth. During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue and green. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. When you have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. However, you can’t dive too deep. And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water. The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. It’s cold, and it’s dark, too. The deeper it is, the less sunlight there is. At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is very dark in the sea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes. A few have eyes on one side.
Besides the cold and the darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger ― other animals. Animals eat! They must find food to eat. Many animals eat plants. However, some animals eat meat. This means these sea animals have two big jobs. They need to find animals as food, and they have to try not to become other animals’ meal.
1. Why do people want to dive in the sea?| A．Because they want to catch fish. |
| B．Because they want to find the secrets of the undersea world. |
| C．Because the sea is deep. |
| D．Because there are all kinds of plants in the sea. |
| A．can’t see anything bright |
| B．can’t be in danger |
| C．can catch nothing |
| D．can see everything is green and blue |
| A．One. |
| B．Two. |
| C．Three. |
| D．Four. |
| A．stay in deep water for a long time |
| B．dive very, very deep |
| C．live in deep water safely |
| D．dive freely without any dangers |
| A．One animal finds something to eat, and it may be eaten by others. |
| B．Animals in the sea must find food to eat. Many eat plants. However, some eat meat. |
| C．The deeper the sea is, the darker and colder it is. |
| D．At the depth of 3, 000 feet under the sea, all animals can find their way by seeing. |
9 . Active Challenge
Weight loss camp for girls aged 13-18in Canada
Location：Beautiful Bear Creek Outdoor Center Near Ottawa，Ontario
Season：July 2nd-August 28th
Capacity：40 Activities include：hiking，rafting，canoeing，yoga，cooking，camp skills，mountain biking，nutrition classes，swimming，fitness classes etc.
Choose what you like!
Active Challenge is a weight loss program specially for young women. The burden of being overweight is heavier than just the extra pounds. We use outdoor adventures to challenge the girls，to give them something to draw strength from.
Because you'll be losing weight alongside young women just like you，you'll find no one laughing at you and you'll help each other. At Active Challenge you'll make lifelong friends with young women of your own age and learn to love new adventurous activities.
Unlike any other weight loss program，Active Challenge is designed so you'll lose weight and have the strategies and skills to keep the weight off forever. Active Challenge does not put you on a diet. We follow the Canada Food Guide to healthy eating and exercise appropriate portion control. We help you develop healthy habits.
The staff at Active Challenge combine experienced outdoor adventure professional with highly qualified clinicians. All of us are absolutely devoted to helping you achieve lasting behavioral change and weigh loss. Most of all we are devoted to having a great time doing it.
Pre-Camp：Upon registration in Active Challenge，a registration package will be sent out to you with forms to be completed before camping as well as program preparation materials，an introduction to Active Challenge and pre-program personal challenge assignments to get you on your way toward a healthier you.
Post-Camp：Our post program is designed to keep you focused and remind you of the goals that you set during the camp. We will send you home with your personal meal and exercise plan and keep in touch with you for a full three months after the camp ends through letters，emails and phone calls，tracking your progress and giving you strategies and support.
1. Why are outdoor adventurous activities held for girls？___| A．To lose weight quickly | B．To have fun. |
| C．To make them stronger. | D．To keep fit. |
| A．Friendly and supportive. | B．Competitive and challenging. |
| C．Cold but exciting. | D．Lonely but safe. |
| A．should go to buy the program preparation materials |
| B．will be in informed how to get prepared for the program |
| C．should learn some skills and strategies to lose weight |
| D．will have to finish some challenging tasks at home |
| A．the end of November | B．girls can keep weight off forever |
| C．the beginning of the next year | D．girls achieve success in their lives |
| A．To explain the popularity of Active Challenge. |
| B．To share skills and strategies of losing weight. |
| C．To introduce the importance of losing weight. |
| D．To invite girls to join in Active Challenge. |
10 . Cards came for every occasion for Grandma. She even sent a card which was more of a
When I was young, I looked forward to
She kept writing cards even the morning she died. Her wonderful nurses
When I grew up, I realized cards served a(n)
Now I like to
| A．burden | B．promise | C．comfort | D．claim |
| A．receiving | B．sending | C．selling | D．buying |
| A．Therefore | B．Otherwise | C．Instead | D．However |
| A．precious | B．artificial | C．simple | D．traditional |
| A．recovering | B．worsening | C．treated | D．controlled |
| A．wrote | B．mailed | C．read | D．copied |
| A．funeral | B．request | C．office | D．heart |
| A．declared | B．warned | C．poked | D．suggested |
| A．slightly | B．completely | C．hugely | D．randomly |
| A．labels | B．timetables | C．accounts | D．addresses |
| A．burned | B．threw away | C．gave out | D．saved |
| A．decide | B．agreed | C．suspected | D．pretended |
| A．imaginary | B．significant | C．impossible | D．meaningless |
| A．junk | B．suitable | C．sweet | D．similar |
| A．lesson | B．recommendation | C．reminder | D．command |
| A．measure | B．appreciate | C．remember | D．check |
| A．persuade | B．surprise | C．consult | D．instruct |
| A．addition | B．consequence | C．order | D．advance |
| A．observe | B．interview | C．value | D．challenge |
| A．calm | B．fair | C．relaxed | D．special |
