1 . A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.
Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.
Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans. Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.
Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.
Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.
1. What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A.The appearance of artificial satellites. | B.The components of artificial satellites. |
C.The basic function of artificial satellites. | D.The specific mission of artificial satellites. |
A.Providing electrical power. | B.Recording changes observed. |
C.Monitoring space environment. | D.Processing information received. |
A.By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity. |
B.By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull. |
C.By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity. |
D.By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies. |
A.They are more affected by earth’s gravity. |
B.They take advantage of rockets more effectively. |
C.They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits. |
D.They are equipped with more advanced instruments. |
2 . Parkinson’s is a progressive brain disease which leads to shaky hands and slow movement, and there is no cure. Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese martial art that combines (结合) slow, gentle movements with deep breathing and relaxation, may be an effective means of reducing the suffering. Recently, the researchers say that those who practised the martial art twice a week had fewer complications (并发症) and better quality of life than those who didn’t. Experts say the findings back up previous studies on the benefits of exercise for those with Parkinson’s.
The study, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, monitored the health of hundreds of Parkinson’s patients for up to five years. One group of 147 people practised regular Tai Chi while another group of 187 did not. The researchers found that the disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group on measurements of symptoms (症状), movement and balance. This group also saw fewer falls, less back pain and dizziness, with memory and concentration problems also lower than in the other group. At the same time, sleep and quality of life continuously improved.
Prof. Alastair Noyce, professor in neurology and neuroepidemiology at Queen Mary University of London, called it “an important study”—the positive effects on aspects of motor (运动的) and non-motor functions are impressive — but said there were limitations in its design, and more tests were needed.
“We already recommend Tai Chi, as well as other forms of exercise, but understanding which forms of exercise are most beneficial is an important goal to improve the long-term management of patients,” he said.
1. Why was the study conducted?A.To find a cure for Parkinson’s disease. |
B.To improve the sleep quality of Parkinson’s patients. |
C.To remove the misunderstanding of the previous studies. |
D.To research the benefits of Tai Chi for those with Parkinson’s. |
A.Concentration problem was lower in the Tai Chi group. |
B.The disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group. |
C.Patients in the non-Tai Chi group continuously fell down. |
D.Back pain and dizziness were relieved in the Tai Chi group. |
A.Tai Chi should be given more preference. |
B.Finding the most beneficial exercise is of importance. |
C.It is unnecessary to do more related studies. |
D.Improve the long-term management of patients is impossible. |
A.Confused. | B.Doubtful. | C.Positive. | D.Worried. |
3 . When I was a young boy, our whole family lived in my grandma’s old house right beside a set of railroad tracks. I can remember the whole house would
Looking back on this time, I now
We all need to keep our eyes forward. We all need to look ahead with love and enjoyment for life. We all need to see with our hearts the life we want to live.
1.A.shake | B.disappear | C.fall | D.collapse |
A.trails | B.streets | C.trains | D.tracks |
A.calm | B.balance | C.support | D.save |
A.but | B.or | C.as | D.so |
A.result | B.success | C.energy | D.strength |
A.holding out | B.finding out | C.passing down | D.braking down |
A.caused | B.prevented | C.led | D.resulted |
A.where | B.how | C.which | D.that |
A.decide | B.recognize | C.realize | D.regret |
A.convenient | B.wonderful | C.curious | D.normal |
A.travel | B.mistake | C.lesson | D.choice |
A.Over | B.For | C.With | D.Down |
A.calm | B.hidden | C.disabled | D.stuck |
A.decorated | B.filled | C.comforted | D.compared |
A.light | B.slight | C.difficult | D.healthy |
Roy Austin first experienced an African adventure in 2018. All he wanted to do was get close to some African wildlife. Although Roy did realize this dream, he found something even more meaningful in Africa.
Roy spent time in many countries throughout East Africa. He was most interested in the people of rural (农村的) Kenya, especially people of the Amboseli Primary and Secondary School.
During his stay, Roy became friends with several students and teachers at the school. He was deeply touched by their positive attitude, even thought it was hard for them to get books and other school supplies. Even finding basic stationery (文具) was a challenge, not to mention the lack of school buildings.
In rural Kenya, school buildings are not built by the government. Students, their parents, and teachers find materials and build the schools themselves, or they have to raise money to get builders’ help. Without schools, buildings like libraries and classrooms are just dreams. The students and teachers of the schools very much wanted a library or at least some books to read.
After returning home to South Carolina in the United States, the Kenyan students’ yearning for something as seemingly “basic” as books to read still worried Roy. He decided to do whatever he could to help these children. So he started the organization Libraries for Kids International.
Since it was started, Roy has shipped over 11,000 books to 11 schools in African countries, including Kenya and Tanzania. To keep costs down, he uses the post office to send the books instead of a carrier like FedEx. The organization has helped to supply these schools with much-needed books, which brought Roy much happiness. He plans to continue shipping books to Africa.
1. What was the main purpose of Roy’s 2018 trip to Africa? (no more than 10 words)2. Who built school buildings in rural Kenya? (no more than 15 words)
3. What can the underlined word “yearning” in paragraph 5 be replaced by? (no more than 5 words)
4. What does the text mainly tell us? (no more than 15 words)
5. What do you think of Roy? And please explain. (no more than 25 words)
5 . Nowadays, it is common to see people wearing Hanfu, the traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group, at parks and attractions. More and more people are falling in love with Hanfu culture. The development of Hanfu culture has witnessed (见证) numerous changes in recent years and is taking on various forms.
Zhang Xiaomin has been a fan of Hanfu for five years now. Thanks to the popularity of social media, she can easily learn the latest trends and knowledge about Hanfu online now. “People used to only collect or appreciate Hanfu privately,” Zhang said. “But now it has moved to the mass market.” In the past, many people had the misunderstanding that “Han” refers to the Han Dynasty. Now more people are knowledgeable about Hanfu, and even expert in distinguishing (区分) the differences in Hanfu from different dynasties.
Miss Tang has also noticed a similar change. “Fans have become particular about the design and style of Hanfu,” Miss Tang said. “For advanced hobbyists, those seemingly fairy-like Hanfu dresses are not enough, since this style has been adapted to meet the tastes of the masses. They care more about how original Hanfu style are, like Quju (曲裾) and Mamianqun or ‘horse-face skirts’, which look more serious and complicated.”
The development of Hanfu has also triggered (引发) different events. You Gancheng has been in Hanfu circles for 13 years. “The Hanfu festival that a museum held in April offered many interesting activities like lectures, ceremonies, concerts and fairs,” she said. “Hanfu culture weeks, festivals and academic forums all provide platforms for fans to communicate.”
The rise of Hanfu culture also means the birth of an emerging business. Miss Cang has been running a Hanfu store for four years. The store provides Hanfu rental and photography services. “Many international schools now come to us for Hanfu events on traditional holidays,” Miss Cang said. Her store also actively participates in Hanfu festivals. “We often run a stand in Hanfu fairs, selling and displaying Hanfu we’ve designed. Sometimes we even provide Hanfu as prizes for competitions,” she said.
1. In recent years, the people who are interested in Hanfu ________.A.are now focusing on the Han Dynasty style |
B.have gained a deeper understanding of Hanfu |
C.tend to collect or admire Hanfu privately |
D.are exploring the regional diversity of Hanfu |
A.Its fairy-like design. | B.Its historical accuracy. |
C.Its modern adaptations. | D.Its practicality for everyday wear. |
A.To give an example of a successful Hanfu store. |
B.To show the increasing popularity of Hanfu culture. |
C.To illustrate the impact of Hanfu culture on business. |
D.To stress the role of Hanfu stores in promoting Hanfu. |
A.The development of Hanfu culture. |
B.The significance of Hanfu in Chinese society. |
C.The growing interest in Hanfu around China. |
D.The different types of Hanfu events and festivals. |
6 . I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke (唤起) an emotion, a visual image, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.
Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it lacked a certain wholeness. I’ve heard other terms used, “limited English, as if everything is limited, including people’s perceptions(认识)”.
I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mother’s “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.
I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I won’t get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, her internal (内在的) language, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure: I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show her intention, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.
1. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that________.A.she uses English in foreign trade | B.she is fascinated by languages |
C.she works as a translator | D.she is a writer by profession |
A.impolite | B.amusing | C.imperfect | D.practical |
A.Americans do not understand broken English |
B.The author’s mother was not respected sometimes. |
C.The author’ mother had positive influence on her. |
D.Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts. |
A.well structured | B.in the old style | C.easy to translate | D.rich in meaning |
A.The changes of the author’s attitude to her mother’s English. |
B.The limitation of the author’s perception of her mother. |
C.The author’s misunderstanding of ”limited“ English. |
D.The author’s experiences of using broken English. |
7 . Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.
Recite and repeat in conversation.
When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.
Ask the other person to recite and repeat.
You can let other people help you remember their names. After you’ve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names.
Admit you don’t know.
Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say, “I’m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?”
Use associations.
Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note: “Vicki Cheng — tall, black hair.” To reinforce (加强) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.
Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.
When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.
Go early.
Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That’s fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others — an automatic review for you.
1. How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names?A.They will be moved. | B.They will be annoyed. |
C.They will be delighted. | D.They will be discouraged. |
A.tell him the truth | B.tell him a white lie | C.ask him for pity | D.ask others to help you |
A.write them down | B.say it to yourself several times |
C.go early to parties | D.spell and pronounce the name correctly |
A.all their names | B.a couple of names first |
C.just their last names | D.as many names as possible |
A.Tips on an important social skill. | B.Importance of attending parties. |
C.How to make use of associations. | D.How to recite and repeat names. |
8 . A week before Christmas, my grandmother passed away. My boss
Here, my string (一串) of bad luck began: my plan was
The woman is a stranger,
A.suddenly | B.worriedly | C.kindly | D.proudly |
A.in peace | B.in surprise | C.in secret | D.in time |
A.sad | B.great | C.common | D.comfortable |
A.attracted | B.supported | C.affected | D.recorded |
A.borrow | B.check | C.find | D.book |
A.flat | B.snowy | C.busy | D.narrow |
A.came over | B.set out | C.broke down | D.showed up |
A.spare | B.good | C.full | D.strong |
A.pass | B.keep | C.take | D.change |
A.left | B.laughed | C.cried | D.jumped |
A.treatment | B.help | C.time | D.money |
A.hurriedly | B.carefully | C.quietly | D.slowly |
A.miss | B.lose | C.build | D.notice |
A.notebook | B.bag | C.keys | D.tools |
A.confusion | B.excitement | C.gratitude | D.amazement |
A.happiness | B.kindness | C.excuse | D.answer |
A.offering | B.saving | C.promising | D.sending |
A.for | B.so | C.and | D.but |
A.meet | B.forget | C.invite | D.remember |
A.believe | B.imagine | C.decide | D.doubt |
9 . According to scientists, some tomatoes grown indoors are now just as flavorful as the ones grown outdoors in perfect summer conditions. There has been a lot of research and investment (投资) in hydroponic (水栽的) greenhouses, which allow farmers to grow tomatoes without soil, in recent years as consumers have needed more and better fresh vegetables year-round. “There’s a lot of techniques you can use to grow tomatoes off-season,” says Neil Mattson, co-director of Cornell University’s Controlled Environment Agriculture program. In the past five years, greenhouse tomato production has doubled.
That doesn’t mean all the tomatoes currently being grown in greenhouses are very flavorful. Flavor sometimes gets sacrificed for high yields (产量), just as it does in the production of commercial field-grown tomatoes. “The greenhouse is such an expensive structure that we’re paying a lot to heat and light,” Mattson says. Therefore, farmers often need to grow a lot of tomatoes to make up for it. “And just like the field-grown varieties, much greenhouse-grown fruit is harvested before its peak (顶峰) and travels long distances before it ends up in a supermarket,” he says.
But that’s all changing with the new hydroponic system. Researchers are now trying their best to save some ripening (成熟的) time by growing produce locally. Gotham Greens, based in New York City, grows hydroponic tomatoes year-round and sells them to local restaurants and supermarkets. And Backyard Farms, based in Maine, supplies its hydroponically grown crop to nearby markets in the Northeast.
“It’s becoming increasingly important now that global warming is making outdoor farming less predictable (可预料的) , but greenhouse growers don’t have to worry about a heavy rain or a cold day destroying their fruit,” says Gene Giacomelli, who directs the Controlled Environment Agriculture Center at the University of Arizona. The advantages of a greenhouse are that growers can control the amount of heat and light their crops get. Many are equipped with man-made lights that growers can turn on when sunlight is not enough. And the hydroponic system allows them to control pretty much everything else.
“That’s not to say we’ll value the summer harvest any less. In the end, I still love growing my own tomatoes in my backyard in the summer,” Mattson says. “It’s psychological (心理的) ,but I think they taste best.”
1. What benefited the doubling of greenhouse tomato production?A.Improving the taste of tomatoes. |
B.Developing high-yielding tomatoes. |
C.Growing tomatoes all year round outdoors now. |
D.Using technology for tomatoes’ growth off-season. |
A.Settled for. | B.Turned up. | C.Given up. | D.Looked down. |
A.farmers’ expectation to ensure tomatoes’ high yield |
B.researchers’ efforts to make tomatoes more flavorful |
C.the need for locally grow n high-quality tomatoes |
D.the important change in produce transportation systems |
A.By making the soil richer for planting. |
B.By improving crop’s adaptability to climate change. |
C.By providing better conditions for crops’ growth. |
D.By giving much more correct and timely weather predictions. |
A.Supportive. | B.Negative. | C.Objective. | D.Unconcerned. |
10 . In the first half of 2022, scientists studying animal communication discovered that some dogs connect objects with words at a similar level to babies. Then what about cats, which are commonly believed to be unconcerned about human affairs?
Saho Takagi, a researcher at Azabu University, doubted cats’ seeming unconcern. “Cats don’t appear to listen to people’s conversations, but in fact, they do.” According to a past research, cats understand human communication better than expected. Like dogs, they can use human pointing and stares to find food. They even can tell the difference between human facial expressions and attentional states, according to a 2021 study. However, cats can do more than that.
Another study showed that cats can discriminate their human-given name from the names of their cat friends (those that live in the same house). The researchers believed that cats learned to connect names with other cats by observing communication between their owners and their cat friends.
In a recently published study, Takagi and her colleagues compared two groups of cats: one group was made up of house cats and lived with at least two other cats; the other was made up of cats that lived in “cat cafés”, which had up to 30 cats. They used a simple, two-phase(阶段) test. During the name phase, the study participant(参与者) was softly placed in front of a laptop computer. Then the researcher played a recording of its owner saying the name of its cat companions(同伴).
Immediately after the name phase came the face phase. A cat’s face appeared on the monitor. Sometimes, the cat that appeared on the screen matched the name spoken; other times the name and the picture did not match. If cats knew the names of their cat friends, they would investigate by staring doubtfully at the monitor when the name and the picture did not match. House cats had a significantly longer stare than café cats, indicating that house cats generally expected an exact cat’s face upon hearing the cat’s name.
“This is the first to show that house cats link human words and their social companions through daily experiences,” the researchers wrote, “However, we could not recognize the mechanism(机制) for learning. But with more and more scientists becoming interested in cats who are much smarter than we praise them, this question is sure to be solved.”
1. What’s people’s common understanding of cats?A.They have their own language. |
B.They show no interest in human things. |
C.They can connect objects with words. |
D.They can use human instructions to find food. |
A.cats and dogs get along well with humans |
B.cats’ ability to learn is stronger than dogs’ |
C.cats’ ability goes beyond body language recognition |
D.cats and dogs are all clever animals in people’s eyes |
A.Tell. | B.Protect. | C.Excuse. | D.Learn. |
A.They are curious about cat names. |
B.They know the names of their cat friends. |
C.They are dependent on their owners. |
D.They like communicating with each other. |
A.How cats can recognize other cats’ face. |
B.Whether cats are much smarter than expected. |
C.Whether cats can understand human communication. |
D.How cats link human words and their social companions. |