1 . The Maasai people are the most easily identifiable in Kenya with their very colorful clothing and ornaments on the body. They live a nomadic life, raising and hunting animals near some of Kenya’s most visited wildlife parks.     1    

It is a tradition for a young Maasai man, called a moran in the Maasai language, to kill a lion alone with a spear to show that he is a man. With the kill, a moran would be able to win a “lion name” and admiration among young women.     2     Instead, the young Maasai will take part in a javelin (标枪) throwing competition at an event called the Maasai Olympics.

Mingati Samanya, at the age of 69, is one of the Maasai elders. During his youth, Samanya killed two lions to show he was a man.     3     Samanya is now among the elders who are trying to push the young Maasai to do something different to prove themselves, which includes participating in javelin throwing, jumping and other activities in the community Olympics.

    4     In the past, they killed lions and didn’t get any benefit from it. Right now, when the morans throw a javelin, run or jump, they get not just medals, but also some money.     5     Thanks to the Maasai Olympics and its appealing practice in particular, the lion population in parts of the Kimana Sanctuary (保护区) near Mount Kilimanjaro has increased 10 times over the last 20 years.

4 . In a world ruled by hard exercise and complex fitness programs, the simple act of walking is often ignored(忽略).     1     It offers physical and mental benefits that lead to total happiness.

Heart Health and Weight Management

Walking is light heart exercise that helps improve heart health by increasing blood circulation(循环).     2     Besides, regular quick walking supports in weight management by burning calories and improving digestion(消化), making it an excellent choice for those looking to throw away pounds or keep a healthy weight.

Pressure Drop and Clear Mind

Taking a relaxing walk or quick walk has been shown to give off endorphins, the body’s natural ”feel-good” materials. This leads to lower pressure levels, improved feelings, and improved mental health. Walking outdoors in nature or in a peaceful environment can provide a refreshing escape from the daily tasks.     3    

Joint(关节)Health and Free Movement

Unlike active sports, walking is soft on the joints, making it a perfect choice for people of all ages and fitness levels.     4     At the same time, it also raises the ability to move freely and easily. Walking regularly can be particularly beneficial to those recovering from pain or looking to prevent problems with joints.

Social Communication and Connection

    5     Walking clubs, group climbs, or even simple walking with a friend or family member can provide an opportunity to connect, share experiences, and create lasting memories while at the same time bringing the physical benefits.

5 . Research from Harvard University’s Wyss Institute have made “robotic shorts” that can help people use less energy when they walk or run.

    1     A motor on the user’s back pulls cables connected to the laps.

In the past, such devices have focused only on helping people walk or run, but not both, since walking and running use different hip (臀部) movements. But a computer on the shorts can tell which way the user is moving,    2    

The researchers found that the main benefit of the shorts was reducing the energy people needed to walk or run. In tests, the energy needed for walking was reduced by 9.3 percent.    3    Less energy was needed both on flat ground and on hills.

The researchers said that while the shorts weigh about 5 kilograms, moving with them makes users feel lighter. The tests showed that a person walking with the device would feel 4 kilograms lighter,    4    

The team now also wants to make the device itself 40 percent lighter. They hope the shorts can help people in danger of injury at work and those who want to improve their physical performance,    5     Conor Walsh, who helped lead the study, says he hopes such devices will be available to everyone in the future.

7 . One of the hardest parts of any weight loss program is staying motivated throughout it. In fact, being able to keep your motivation while trying to lose weight is the essential success factor.     1    

One of the first ways to keep your level of motivation is to create a strong plan, which will help you to see where you are headed at each stage of your program.     2     For example, make sure it includes the number of minutes you intend to exercise each day as well as what you will do to achieve each goal.

    3     Thus you can keep your motivation high during the program. So think happy thoughts. You may think about how much good you are doing to your body while you are exercising. When you eat healthier foods, imagine your heart thanking you.

Making a list of positive changes from lost weight will also help. Will you feel much better because you’ve become healthier? Will you have a better self-image because you can finally fit into that dress you’ve been admiring?     4    

The final way to stay with your weight loss program is to vary your routines. Your mind is quite likely to get bored if your weight loss program never changes.     5     Moreover, to keep from being bored with your diet, buy some new healthy living cookbooks or search Internet recipe sites to find some new healthy dishes. This can help to keep you within your calorie limits without boring you.

9 . Have you ever heard of underwater football? Underwater football has been called one of the world’s least-known sports.     1     . The game can be enjoyed by anyone of any age and can be played under both indoor and outdoor water surfaces. Underwater football shares some common rules and play elements with other underwater sports like underwater hockey. As with those games, it is played in the deep end of a swimming pool with snorkeling(浮潜)equipment.

The goal of the game is to score a point by placing a ball on the opponents’ side of the pool. The ball can only be possessed by players who completely stay underwater holding their breath.     2    

Just like on land, underwater football is a game of control and possession.     3     . When opposing players are in your space, you need to be able to recognize it quickly and take appropriate action.

    4     . Each team tries to get their ball into one end zone by either passing or running through underwater obstacles. The first team to reach the endpoint wins! Just five players are on the court at one time, despite each team having 13 players.

To win the ball back or keep it away from your opponents, you must use all your strength and abilities underwater.     5     .

10 . The benefits of walking are many, but deciding how many miles to cover and how much time to spend walking each day is another matter.

Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3,000 and 4,000 steps daily doing everyday tings — about 1.5 to 2 miles.     1     But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises most adults to aim for 10,000 steps a day or about 5 miles. And the recommendation contributes to more positive health outcomes.

    2     You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead. “As a walker, you should aim for at least 30 minutes per day, or a total of 150 minutes per week,” says Austin, a licensed psychotherapist. What’s more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions.     3    

It may also be helpful to health to make walking a part of one’s daily routine. People can take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the other end of the lot and walk a further distance to a store’s entrance when shopping.     4     Then walk the rest of the way home. All these additional steps can be acquired creatively, beyond fixed walking time.

On top of such physical benefits, walking has been shown to improve sleep and mental health including mood and self-esteem.     5     Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people. If one is ready to improve overall levels of fitness, walking ticks all the right boxes.