1 . What makes sports fun?

What makes organized sports fun for kids? A group at George Washington University (GW), led by Professor Amanda J. Visek, has been studying this question. The research is important because lots of kids give up playing sports around age 13 or 14.

The reason kids quit?     1     So if the group can figure out what makes sports fun, maybe more kids will play longer and develop better lifelong exercise habits.

First, the group brainstormed 81 things called "fun determinants" that can make sports fun. Then they asked the players aged 8 to 18 to assess how important each thing was to their enjoyment of playing organized sports.     2     The players ranked(排名) “winning” as only the 40th most important fun determinant. Unexpectedly, they ranked "trying your best," "exercising and being active" and “getting along with your teammates" in the top 10 most important fun determinants.

    3     They also compared younger athletes with older athletes as well as recreational athletes and kids who play on travel teams. The recent study revealed (揭露) more surprises. Some people think girls like sports because they want to be with their friends, while boys like to compete.     4     It's true boys placed slightly more importance on "improving athletic skills to play at the next level," but for the most part, the study found male and female athletes’ answers were very close.     5     Although there were some differences between the groups -younger players, for example, like "playing different positions" more than older players-the groups shared lots of the same attitudes toward what makes sports fun.

A．The result was surprising

B．They say sports aren't fun anymore.

C．Boys and girls react differently toward sports.

D．Different groups have different opinions on fun determinants.

E．The group compared males' and females' attitudes on what makes sports fun.

F．The study, however, showed girls' and boys’ attitudes were more alike than different.

G．The same was true for younger and older players as well as recreational and travel athletes.

2 . Why Is Exercise Cool?

•Exercise Strengthens Muscles

Did you ever do a push-up or swing across the monkey bars at the playground?    1    By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them stronger. For older teens and adults, this kind of workout can make muscles bigger, too.

•    2    

Can you touch your toes easily without yelling ouch? Most kids are pretty flexible, which means that they can bend and stretch their bodies without much trouble. Being flexible is having “full range of motion”, which means you can move your arms and legs freely without feeling tightness or pain.

•Exercise Keeps the Balance

    3    Your body needs a certain amount of calories every day just to function, breathe, walk around, and do all the basic things.    4    If you’re not very active, your body won’t need as many calories. Whatever your calorie need is, if you eat enough to meet that need, your body weight will stay about the same. If you eat more calories than your body needs, it may be stored as extra fat.

•Exercise Makes You Feel good

It feels good to have a strong, flexible body that can do all the activities you enjoy—like running, jumping and playing with your friends. It’s also fun to be good at something, like scoring a basket, hitting a home run, or perfecting a dive.

But you may not know that exercising can actually put you in a better mood.    5    It’s just another reason why exercise is cool!

A．Exercise Makes You Flexible

B．Exercise Makes Your Heart Happy

C．Those are exercises that can build strength.

D．So you want to do some aerobic (有氧的) exercise right now?

E．But if you’re active, your body needs an extra measure of calories or energy.

F．Food gives your body fuel in the form of calories, which are a kind of energy.

G．When you exercise, your brain releases a chemical which may make you feel happier.

3 . 阅读下面材料， 在空白处填写 l 个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式。

On a quiet morning, about 70 people were practicing the ancient art of tai chi, outside of the library in Salt Lake City, Utah. They are not    1     well-trained   group of exercisers,   but rather a class of participants who are    2    (most) homeless. The class focuses    3     (little) on mastering the exercise and more on    4    (build) a community. People have said the class relieves their stress, encourages them to get into a routine and make new friends.

Bernie   and Marita Hart, a    5    (retire) couple, began to run the free program   three years ago. They started it by approaching   homeless people    6     were pushing grocery carts near the Salt Lake City Public Library and inviting them to try    7     Hart said her   favorite part of the program has been watching the friendships among participants. They love seeing the positive impact the class    8    (have) on people's lives.

When the Harts are out of town, tai chi does not stop. Attendees take turns teaching the classes.

"Homeless people    9    (tell) what to do every place they go, but we want to encourage them   to   be    10    (leader)," Bernie   Hart   said. "They   don't   need   sympathy,   they   need something that works."

4 . 语篇填空

The term “extreme sports”, which we might have seen on a magazine or a website,     1    (be) becoming more and more common as the concept of extreme sports gains     2     (popular). But what are extreme sports on earth?

During the 1970s and 1980s, the term was used for sports with high risks     3     (involve). Today, however, the sports also include activities that give a feeling of adventure without    4    (necessary) putting a participant’s life in danger. For every extreme sport, there is professional equipment that has been developed     5     (protect) your body, improve your performance and give you    6     advantage in the competition.

Extreme sports cover a wide range. Some     7     (develop) from familiar activities so far, like mountain biking, climbing and drag race. Some may not be well known. For instance, bouldering is a kind of rock climbing     8     no rope is used.     9     usually takes place in an area with large rocks or in climbing center.

Nowadays, such sports have become more popular     10     young people all over the world than ever before.

5 . Olympic host cities are generally considered to be equipped with advanced technology and expensive facilities. Now, people can just go there for a little Olympic-level entertainment.

Athens, Greece (1896 and 2004)

Home to the first modern Olympic games in 1896, Athens' history of the Olympic tradition dates back several thousand years. Every four years, the Olympic torch is lit at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens before beginning its long journey to the new host city. Visitors can walk through the Olympic Velodrome in the Olympic Sports Complex and step back in time at the 50,000-seat stadium.

Barcelona, Spain(1992)

These days Barcelona is among the world's most visitable cities even without Olympic fame, but that isn't always the case. The telecommunications tower built for the games by Spanish architect Calatrava is also an iconic(图像的） device of the city's skyline, and its Olympics stadium- Montjuic Stadium is regularly used to host A-list musical performances like The Rolling Stones, Madonna, and Beyonce.

St Moritz, Switzerland(1924 and 1948)

Appropriately, the town that invented Alpine tourism has hosted the Winter Olympics twice, and continues to make use of its many sports facilities-if you can afford to get there. Stay at the Kulm Hotel for the easiest access to the Kulm Country Club, where guests can skate on the same lake used by mid-century Olympians, or test your courage on the Olympia Bob Run, one of the few places where you can ride a full-speed Olympic bobsled(双人雪橇） on a run constructed entirely of ice.

Sydney, Australia (2000)

The turn-of-the-century Sydney Summer Olympics were named the "Green Games" by the International Olympic Committee (10C) and were designed to introduce a more environmentally conscious way of hosting the event. The structure that best shows Sydney's efforts to be an example of continuing Olympic development is the ANZ Stadium.

1. Where does the host city get the Olympic torch lit?

A．At the Panathenaic Stadium.

B．At the Olympic Sports Complex.

C．At the Montjuic Stadium.

D．At the ANZ Stadium.

2. Who will probably choose to visit St.Moritz?

A．Those fond of ice-sports.

B．Those fond of listening to opera.

C．Those interested in popular music.

D．Those interested in Olympic history.

3. What's special about Sydney Olympic Games?

A．Their designers are from Spain.

B．They are thought poorly of by the IOC.

C．They are hosted in an environmentally friendly way.

D．Their design intention is proposed by Sydney authority.

6 . The decision on Tuesday by Japan and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to postpone the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games until next summer because of the novel coronavirus pandemic must have been a hard one to make.

Although the Games have been canceled—three times in all, in 1916, 1940 and 1944—due to the two world wars in the modern Olympics’ history of more than 120 years, never before have any Games been postponed to a different year.

Nonetheless, the decision is the right one. If it is not brought under control, the harm done to human society by the pandemic could be more serious and far-reaching than even the two world wars. Given the number of countries affected and social and economic shock waves that have been caused by the rapid spread of the virus, postponing the Games is the only right and sensible choice to make.

After all, nothing is more important than people’s lives. Postponing the Games not only safeguards the health of athletes, audiences and everyone involved in the Games, but also reduces potential transmission of the virus from one place to another. Even looking at it from only a sporting level, the pandemic has already caused huge disruptions to athletes’ training and the qualification process.

It is undoubtedly a big blow for Japan, which has prepared meticulously for the largest sports event in the world, including renovating and upgrading its infrastructure and sports venues, such as rebuilding Tokyo’s Olympic Stadium at cost of $1.45 billion. Japan will suffer huge loss at least in the short term.

The international community owes a big “thank you” to Japan for all it has done for the Games despite the postponement. That’s why the Games will still be called the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 despite taking place in 2021. The Olympic flame will also remain stored and displayed in Japan.

More importantly, all members in the Olympic family, guided by the Olympic spirit of respect and understanding are morally bound to stand behind Japan to go through this most difficult moment in the Games’ history.

1. What does the word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The decision.

B．The Games.

C．The pandemic.

D．The war.

2. What does the underlined word “meticulously” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Wisely.

B．Recently.

C．Easily.

D．Precisely.

3. We know from the passage ________.

A．the Games should be put off in times of war and disaster

B．the Games will still be called Tokyo 2020 Games for its sacrifice

C．postponing the Games will have a bad influence on the athletes

D．the Olympic family will have to make up for the loss of Japan

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．The whole world will support Japan.	B．Japan will keep the Olympic flame burning.
C．Postponing the Games will bring the world hope.	D．Tokyo will become the symbol of the Games.

7 . If you're out for a run, what difference does it make if you're able to tough it out for another 50 seconds? If you're less than a minute from the top of the hill, that extra time can make the difference between having reached your goal and snatching defeat from the jaws of victory.

How do you get those extra seconds of energy? A research team at the Texes Tech University developed a study to measure what effect listening to music would have on exercise tolerance. The researchers based the study on a stress testing. As part of the testing, they noted any changes in heart rate and blood pressure as participants underwent physically stressful exercise.

The tests were done on treadmills (跑步机), which increased in both speed and incline (坡度) through three stages. In the final stage, the treadmills moved at 10 miles per hour at a 14-percent grade. Most of these tests were designed to last up to 40 minutes. The average gym-goers lasted 30 minutes. For this study, they divided 127 participants into two groups. One listened to upbeat(快节奏) music, while the other group had earbuds in but did not listen to music.

The group that listened to music was able to outlast the non-music group by an average of 50.6 seconds. Again, being able to go an extra minute may seem like a no-brainer ,but “after 30 minutes, you feel like you are running up a mountain, so even being able to go 50 seconds longer means a lot," said the study's lead author, Waseem Shami, MD.

The study has confirmed something runners and gym-goers have suspected for years: Listening to music during workout can be beneficial to your endurance. "Our findings reinforce the idea that upbeat music can help you exercise longer and stick with a daily exercise routine," said Shami. When doctors are recommending exercise, they might suggest listening to music, too."

1. Why did Shami’s team conduct the research?

A．To test the effect of music on health.	B．To know the cause of failure in sports.
C．To improve runners' exercise tolerance.	D．To record the body change of participants

2. What did the researchers than about the Participants in the stress testing?

A．They ran much faster than average runners.	B．They created a new record of indoor sports.
C．They could run a little longer with music on.	D．They all enjoyed extreme physical challenge

3. What do the underlined words “a no-brainer” mean in paragraph 4?

A．A dull activity.	B．A foolish action.
C．A demanding task.	D．An easy practice

4. What did Shami suggest us doing in the last paragraph ?

A．Developing a daily exercise routine.	B．Listening to music while working out
C．Participating in physical stress testing.	D．Taking exercise as doctors recommend.

8 . 课文语法填空

The history of football     1     (go) back to Ancient China. But football we know today     2     (start) in Great Britain. That football is such     3     simple game that is perhaps the     4     (base) of its popularity. All over the world you can see kids     5     (play) to their hearts’ content     6     a ball. Another factor behind its popularity is the creativity and excitement. It is fun enough     7     (attract) millions of people. What’s more, it has become one of the best     8     (way) to communicate. For example, on Christmas Day 1914, World War Ⅰ     9     (break) out months before, but British and German soldiers put down arms and played football together. So football is much more     10     just a sport.

9 . To get in shape soon, some people use “quick” methods without realizing that these methods can put their overall health in danger. For example, they lose weight by eating fat-free food. It’s true that consuming（消耗）fewer fats can help you get in shape sooner, but low fat foods like dried fruits, nuts, beans, etc, actually contain high amounts of calories. For example, fruit juice contains no fat, but has high calories, so drinking more than one glass of fruit juice won’t help in losing weight.

To rely only on fruit and vegetable juice to lose weight is also a wrong method. By replacing your meal with only juice, you decrease the calorie intake（卡路里摄取量）greatly. It’ll help lose weight, but it can make you lack energy, leading to headaches, stomach disorders, etc.

It’s true that exercise helps to keep healthy weight, but it’ll probably not help you much if you don’t take care of your diet by reducing your calorie intake. If you believe you can exercise every day and eat as much as you want, you’re incorrect. For healthy weight loss, you need to burn more calories than you consume. So, you need to limit the intake of food.

Wrong weight loss methods are dangerous. So if in doubt, you’d better ask a doctor before starting weight loss. Luckily, it’s possible to lose weight with healthy methods. For example, follow healthy food habits, exercise regularly for 20-30 minutes every day, and go on with a healthy lifestyle even after you lose weight. Anyway, as you don’t gain weight overnight, it can’t be lost in a short time either. Give yourself some time. Although healthy methods may take a bit longer to work, they’re surely good for your body.

1. We can know from the first paragraph that             .

A．fruit juice is low in fat and calories	B．most people don’t lose weight safely
C．eating high fat foods helps lose weight	D．some quick shaping methods may be harmful

2. Relying on a liquid diet to lose weight is wrong because it            .

A．makes you skip meals	B．reduces the calorie intake greatly
C．can cause a few health problems	D．doesn’t help you to lose weight fast

3. How can we get more calories burnt than we consume according to Paragraph 3?

A．By reducing mental pressure.	B．By only drinking fruit juice.
C．By having more rest.	D．By exercising with food control.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．We should be patient with losing weight.

B．We can actually lose weight very easily.

C．Regular exercise is enough for us to lose weight.

D．We don’t have to consider our doctor’s advice.

10 . As is known, exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest getting at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity every week. Many people have an exercise routine.     1    . So, getting those 150 minutes is easier. But what about those times when you are sick? If you do not feel well, should you keep following your exercise routine? Will physical activity help you to feel better more quickly or will it delay the healing process?

Health experts answer these and other questions on the Mayo Clinic website. Mild to moderate physical activity is usually OK if you have a common cold. According to the experts, it is usually fine to exercise if your symptoms are all “above the neck”.     2    . In fact, exercise may make you feel better by “opening your blocked nose”. This may temporarily reduce congestion and help you to breathe more easily.

    3    , though. So be on guard for symptoms such as chest congestion, extreme cough or pain in the stomach. Besides, there are other symptoms that can tell you to avoid exercise. They include: a higher than normal body temperature, a sense of feeling extremely tired, also known as fatigue, and widespread muscle pain.     4    .

Finally, experts suggest learning to listen to your body. If you feel really bad, take a break and let your body rest. If you don’t feel too bad, these experts both suggest cutting back on the intensity (强度) of your exercise routine.    5    . Experts all indicate that a few days off from exercise when you are sick shouldn’t affect your performance. You can return to your usual intensity when you feel better.

A．These signs may include a runny nose, nasal congestion (鼻塞), sneezing or a minor sore throat

B．Experts especially point that if you feel tightness in the chest, it is not advisable to work out

C．They exercise for a few minutes every day or every other day

D．Exercising will result in more severe illness

E．For example, if you usually run, take a quick walk instead

F．Experts suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appear “below the neck”

G．Exercising regularly keeps us feeling exhausted