1 . I came across an image recently of a distance runner with a message that told readers to persevere (坚持) at all costs. It reminded me of a conversation I had. My colleague’s teaching assistant was asking for my advice. He wanted to know when to quit something. He described how he’d been playing an online game with people for some time. It hadn’t been very fun lately, but there was always that small chance of a reward (upgraded equipment, etc).
I inquired further about his relationship with the players and his gains from the game. I then discussed the sunk cost dilemma, a concept I studied in advanced school due to its personal impact. In high school, I applied to five universities, planning to choose the cheapest one. SUU offered the best scholarship, and after paying a $100 commitment fee, I heard back from another school with an even better scholarship. Despite the new offer, I stayed committed to SUU, believing that switching schools, even if it meant acknowledging the “wasted” $ 100, would have been the wiser financial choice.
A rational (理性的) decision maker is not ruled by past investments, but weighs future outcomes. I didn’t focus on future outcomes when weighing colleges. I focused on the money I sunk into SUU. Rather than evaluating future career options, I focused on the fact that I’d already taken elementary education courses.
I’m not the only one that’s fallen prey to this. I wear clothes I dislike simply because I spent money on them (and that money won’t come back). Unhealthy relationships last because of the invested time (leading to more unhappy years). However, time, effort, or money that you’ve invested doesn’t mean you should continue. Society often stresses perseverance — never quit, never give up, don’t waste. However, only you know your right path. Walking away can be the toughest choice. You might realize a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was.
1. Why does the author introduce a distance runner’s image at first?A.To make a contrast. | B.To give a definition. |
C.To draw a conclusion. | D.To illustrate a theory. |
A.Following suit as most people. | B.Taking elementary education. |
C.Valuing the development in future. | D.Overlooking past investments. |
A.Get benefits from. | B.Be harmed by. | C.Be interested in. | D.Get rid of. |
A.Perseverance is a virtue | B.The chosen path is the toughest |
C.Cut your losses for your winners | D.Walking away means losing all |
2 . Several years ago, a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to financial problems, I
Over the year, I had planned to upgrade to energy-efficient windows. But with the frame (窗框) rusted (锈) and firmly
Honestly, the thought of that window
Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away. But it was almost
A.tore | B.boarded | C.packed | D.stirred |
A.lost | B.mixed | C.buried | D.stuck |
A.labor-consuming | B.brain-burning | C.energy-wasting | D.risk-taking |
A.in a mess | B.beyond control | C.out of reach | D.beyond description |
A.failed | B.evaluated | C.rewarded | D.disturbed |
A.difficulty | B.confidence | C.confusion | D.harm |
A.realistic | B.impossible | C.abnormal | D.unfair |
A.yet | B.or | C.and | D.but |
A.broke | B.moved | C.fell | D.missed |
A.considered | B.ignored | C.delayed | D.handled |
A.Luckily | B.Consequently | C.Actually | D.Unexpectedly |
A.quality | B.pace | C.way | D.meaning |
A.attempt | B.hesitate | C.guarantee | D.pretend |
A.rarer | B.tougher | C.easier | D.worse |
A.practice | B.memory | C.principle | D.imagination |
3 . Eight years ago, I determined to start my first job — training horses in different countries. Now here I am, my connection with horses have taught me a lot. Let me share two
We can manage
The second lesson is that we are never too old to learn. Riding can be learned at any
I never realized how many doors of
A.results | B.stories | C.lessons | D.rides |
A.skill | B.equality | C.approach | D.management |
A.compete | B.battle | C.learn | D.work |
A.exercising | B.surviving | C.involving | D.working |
A.deep | B.proper | C.limited | D.sufficient |
A.fight for | B.give up | C.carry out | D.argue against |
A.owned | B.ran | C.started | D.formed |
A.took | B.turned | C.got | D.won |
A.country | B.place | C.setting | D.age |
A.dreamed of | B.objected to | C.participated in | D.cared for |
A.race | B.training | C.team | D.presentation |
A.separated | B.connected | C.combined | D.defended |
A.study | B.idea | C.hope | D.opportunity |
A.transform | B.influence | C.travel | D.shape |
A.cooperate | B.struggle | C.bond | D.talk |
4 . Several months ago, a powerful tornado hit our city without any signs before. We hadn’t
Never did I imagine that we would put our regular
I couldn’t
Because of the tornado, I
A.paid | B.searched | C.applied | D.prepared |
A.pretended | B.requested | C.happened | D.managed |
A.suddenly | B.early | C.secretly | D.immediately |
A.lessons | B.training | C.meetings | D.savings |
A.mixed up | B.turned up | C.lined up | D.given up |
A.fear | B.shock | C.shame | D.confusion |
A.problem | B.result | C.excuse | D.reason |
A.hate | B.expect | C.see | D.survive |
A.curious | B.unique | C.dangerous | D.strange |
A.follow | B.receive | C.repeat | D.give |
A.fortunate | B.honest | C.confident | D.brave |
A.trust | B.pride | C.interest | D.curiosity |
A.decided | B.realized | C.stressed | D.hoped |
A.reward | B.power | C.wisdom | D.goal |
A.chances | B.challenges | C.adventures | D.discussions |
5 . I first realized that plastic was a serious matter for our planet during my travel in Western Australia. One day about 12 years ago, I stopped at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast ta buy some groceries. But the lady at the counter told me that the supermarket didn’t sell any shopping bags to prevent plastic in the ocean and help preserve the endangered turtles(海龟) living in that area. After a first reaction of surprise, I gathered all purchases in my arms and left, reflecting on what I had been told.
The experience in that trip made me more conscious about my impact and pushed me to adopt various habits to travel and live more sustainably. For example, I always carried a cotton bag when I went shopping.
My travel to Indonesia was another life-changing experience that strengthened my determination to turn to a zero-waste lifestyle. In Indonesia, finding safe drinkable water was always a challenge, so I traveled with my water bottle, managing to avoid almost entirely the use of plastic during my trip.
However, I was seriously struck by my stay on the Libaran Island, where a sustainable and turtle conservation project was launched 10 years ago. Despite the big efforts by the project staff and the community in cleaning up the beaches and creatively reusing plastic, the shore was washed daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides. Walking on a carpet of plastic that almost prevented me from seeing the beach underneath was quite shocking.
Facing this global issue in person, I felt a sense of sadness and anger that soon turned into determination: to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in my life. Sometimes we might feel helpless in front of big problems, but we should be aware that small changes could actually make a difference step by step!
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?A.By reflecting on the present life. |
B.By looking into the future environment. |
C.By introducing the previous achievements. |
D.By recalling the past shopping experience. |
A.Cut back on travel. | B.Shop less frequently. |
C.Lead a green life. | D.Rurify drinking water |
A.It had no clear goal. | B.It didn’t work out very well. |
C.It met the islanders’ needs. | D.It was aimed to prevent turtle attacks. |
A.It is demanding | B.It is manageable. |
C.It is easy to solve. | D.It’s lacking in attention. |
6 . My phone rang after I boarded a plane. It was my PhD adviser calling to tell me there were identified flaws in the paper I had just published in Nature. My stomach dropped as he told me the authors of the critique(评论)were demanding a retraction(撤回). That day I spent the 16-hour flight processing a mix of emotions—disbelief, embarrassment, frustration.
After the plane landed, I immediately read the critique myself, which was harsh and thorough, pointing out several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data. The fallout was swift and intense. I received a flood of emails and messages. Some were from supportive colleagues, but many were harshly critical of my work.I was depressed, wondering what this would mean for my career.
I wrote a response, correcting the apparent errors in the data set. When it became clear that the retraction was unavoidable, I formally offered my resignation to my department head. He didn’t accept it, saying a resignation wasn’t needed considering the errors in the paper were honest mistakes.
The experience helped me grow as a scientist. I know it is better to be open and accountable, even if it means admitting mistakes. I can’t expect myself to know everything as a scientist and my work will be stronger if I seek out diverse expertise and opinions.
The reality is that retractions are a necessary part of the scientific process—and one that shouldn’t be viewed only through a negative lens. Retractions can also be an opportunity to learn and improve. Honest mistakes happen, and researchers should be encouraged, not punished, for doing the right thing and retracting flawed work.
1. What happened to the author before the plane took off?A.He was filled with a mix of negative emotions. |
B.His career was influenced by the errors in his paper. |
C.His published paper was retracted because of some flaws. |
D.He was informed some errors were found in his published paper. |
A.Consequence. | B.Conflict. | C.Solution. | D.Shame. |
A.He admitted the mistakes frankly. | B.He treated the mistakes seriously. |
C.He made the mistakes unintentionally. | D.He corrected the mistakes carefully. |
A.Bold and strict. | B.Humble and responsible. |
C.Open and critical. | D.Ambitious and hardworking. |
7 . After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously. Accompanied by a friend, I
One day, he suggested that we
But several weeks later, he managed to
“We’re not getting enough
“Tennis? I can’t play tennis! That
However, weeks later, I started playing tennis. After several months of
I learned a valuable
A.quit | B.changed | C.started | D.designed |
A.confident | B.familiar | C.careful | D.satisfied |
A.take up | B.focus on | C.make up | D.check in |
A.admired | B.supported | C.revised | D.refused |
A.remind | B.persuade | C.attract | D.request |
A.wanted | B.imagined | C.scheduled | D.arranged |
A.fluent | B.skillful | C.curious | D.impressive |
A.movement | B.adventure | C.exercise | D.time |
A.includes | B.requires | C.improves | D.explores |
A.suggestion | B.strategy | C.behaviour | D.goal |
A.hopeful | B.careful | C.painful | D.harmful |
A.obviously | B.formally | C.actually | D.finally |
A.lecture | B.message | C.lesson | D.responsibility |
A.flash | B.follow | C.narrow | D.contact |
A.positive | B.calm | C.confused | D.interested |
8 . As a kid growing up in a suburb of London, I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Dotritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them.
The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager antic ration (一份滑稽). Where once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that I’m more appreciative of each bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然谈定), the way they are willing to wait out their turn in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city.
Part of my recession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park bench: its rapacity (贪婪) encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new nanauves and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron (锻铁). On other nearby benches,babies are being burped (打嗝). Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it.
Lately, I’ve found me sitting on a lot of cramped metal benches of the kind that don’t invite you to stay long, or uneasy ones that leave you cold. That’s because public seating is becoming an endangered species. Our cities are becoming more like Disneyland, which has been quietly removing public seating and replacing it with more restaurant seating. If you want a moment’s rest in 2Ist-century America, you have to open your wallet.
One recent Sunday, I wandered through Central Park. To be in Central Park in what is hopefully the pandemic’s twilight is to be reminded of the beauty of living in a city that still makes space for park benches in the modern cityscape.
1. How did the writer lead in the topic?A.By describing the scene of the park. | B.By introducing his childhood experience. |
C.By revealing his passion for London. | D.By showing his father’s affection for him. |
A.He liked the feel park benches brought to him. | B.He enjoyed the peace in the park very much. |
C.He was still crazy about the words on the bench. | D.He was suffering great frustration in his 40s. |
A.Achievements. | B.Loss. | C.Happiness. | D.Privacy. |
A.It is commercialized. | B.It is usually made of metal. |
C.It is quite out of date. | D.It is uncomfortable to sit there. |
9 . Just about 50 years ago, needing money to support my family—my novels weren’t bestsellers—I had the idea of taking the longest train trip imaginable and writing a travel book about it. The trip was improvisational (即兴的). I didn’t have a credit card. I had no idea where I’d be staying nor how long this trip would take. And I’d never written a travel book before. I hoped my trip wouldn’t suffer a lot, though it was obviously a leap in the dark.
I set off with one small bag containing clothes, a map of Asia, a travel guidebook and some travelers’ cheques. I was often inconvenienced, sometimes threatened, now and then disturbed for bribes, occasionally laid up with food poisoning—all this vivid detail for my narrative.
What I repeated in the more than four-month trip was the pleasure of the sleeping car. Writing on board the Khyber Mail to Lahore in Pakistan, “The romance associated with the sleeping car comes from the fact that it is extremely private, combining the best features of a cupboard with forward movement. Whatever drama is being shown in this moving bedroom is heightened by the landscape passing the window...” A train is a carrier that allows residence.
I wrote The Great Railway Bazaar on my return in 1974, and it appeared to good reviews and quick sales. That’s the past. Nothing is the same. All travel is time-related. All such trips are singular and unrepeatable. It’s not just that the steam trains of Asia are gone, but much of the peace and order is gone. Who’d risk an Iranian train now or take a bus through Afghanistan?
But I’ve been surprised by some of the more recent developments in travel. I rode on Chinese trains for a year and wrote Riding the Iron Rooster, but now China has much cleaner and swifter trains and modernized destinations. A traveler today could take the same trip I took in 1986—1987 and produce a completely different book.
All travel books are dated. That’s their fault that they’re outdated, and it’s their virtue that they preserve something of the past that would otherwise be lost.
1. What happened at the beginning of the author’s trip to Asia?A.He made full preparations for the trip. |
B.He had expected the journey to be rough. |
C.He organized the trip with his family’s support. |
D.He started the trip out of his passion for traveling. |
A.For its romantic scenery. | B.For its reassuring privacy. |
C.For its full equipment. | D.For its long distance. |
A.The landscape in Asia was gone. | B.Train trip was no longer popular. |
C.He couldn’t write another bestseller. | D.Transportation and travel had changed a lot. |
A.Practice makes perfect. | B.Sharp tools make good work. |
C.Travel, truth is not the arrival card. | D.The journey, not the arrival matters. |
10 . When I was tidying out my drawers, I happened on a few diaries that I’d kept long before. The writing showed a youthful or rather
“Today the teacher
At this I couldn’t help smiling. I could
Then I
I glanced over several pages and the titles showed what was written as “very painful” or “most unforgettable” things are
Then I picked up a new one. “To the one I love most: Your love will
Now I’ve realized that nothing in the world is
A.energetic | B.childish | C.dirty | D.neat |
A.discussed | B.checked | C.exchanged | D.posted |
A.cried | B.ached | C.touched | D.tasted |
A.mainly | B.nearly | C.hardly | D.mostly |
A.easier | B.weightier | C.slighter | D.deeper |
A.turned over | B.turned down | C.turned up | D.turned on |
A.enter for | B.ask for | C.look for | D.apply for |
A.notice | B.record | C.tale | D.report |
A.whatever | B.whenever | C.however | D.wherever |
A.everything | B.something | C.nothing | D.anything |
A.improve | B.accompany | C.protect | D.admire |
A.help | B.remember | C.view | D.prove |
A.unsuitable | B.unchangeable | C.unavoidable | D.unforgettable |
A.less than | B.rather than | C.more than | D.other than |
A.desire | B.fright | C.fear | D.curiosity |