1 . If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple --- eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.
During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.
The reason is thought to be the so–called similarity attraction theory --- where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust.
In a test, participants were told to watch TV --- where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.
The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too. The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.”
Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”
1. According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ______.| A．advertises his products on TV | B．has the same taste as them |
| C．reduces the price of his products | D．pays attention to the quality of his products |
| A．food plays an important role in earning people’s trust |
| B．bosses like employees that have the same taste as them |
| C．people who have similar tastes to their boss’s earn more |
| D．people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV |
| A．People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other. |
| B．People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things. |
| C．The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn’t been proved by researchers. |
| D．People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them. |
| A．Honesty is the best policy. | B．All good things come to an end. |
| C．Birds of a feather flock together. | D．Where there is a will, there is a way. |
2 . Although it's great to spend vacations seeing the world with family, friends, or a lover, traveling alone can also be completely incredible. A solo adventure has the potential to be life-changing. Here are some reasons you should travel alone at least once.
If you enjoy meeting new friends, here's your chance; you will likely find some when traveling alone, Since you won't be focused on talking to anyone you know, you'll be more likely to strike up conversations with strangers. Meeting people from different backgrounds opens our minds, expands our world, and can inspire us a lot. You may meet some amazing locals or other adventurers like yourself; either way you're bound to make some new friends during your journey.
A trip alone can ignite your creativity. Spending time alone with an open mind can be exactly what you need for your imagination to soar. Your enthusiasm and passion for life may sky-rocket from your awesome adventure.
When traveling with a partner or a group, every idea can be bounced off someone else. When you travel alone, you will learn to be decisive; you will be making every decision alone. From where to eat, to what time to wake up, to what sights to see, and which airline to use, traveling solo forces you to rely on yours truly. As you realize you can make good choices without help from others, you will likely trust your instincts more, and this new found self-assurance and confidence will be helpful in many areas of your life.
1. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?| A．You will meet new people. |
| B．You light your life fire. |
| C．You will learn to enjoy being alone. |
| D．You will learn to be decisive. |
| A．Traveling alone you can do anything you want to. |
| B．Traveling alone, we would learn more thing. |
| C．You'll learn to thrive outside your comfort zone. |
| D．The strangers who we meet are all kind. |
| A．hesitate | B．independent |
| C．fearless | D．determined |
| A．How to travel alone. |
| B．You should travel alone at least once in your life. |
| C．Trave ling will make you have more friends. |
| D．Let us enjoying vacations trip. |
3 . Once there were two mice. They were friends. One mouse lived in the country; the other mouse lived in the city. After many years the Country mouse saw the City mouse; he said, "Do come and see me at my house in the country.” So the City mouse went. The City mouse said, "This food is not good, and your house is not good. Why do you live in a hole in the field? You should come and live in the city. You would live in a nice house made of stone. You would have nice food to eat You must come and see me at my house in the city." The Country mouse went to the house of the City mouse. It was a very good house. Nice food was set ready for them to eat. But just as they began to eat they heard a great noise. The City mouse cried," Run! Run! The cat is coming!" They ran away quickly and hid. After some time they came out. When they came out, the Country mouse said. “I do not like living in the city. I like living in my hole in the field. For it is nicer to be poor and happy, than to be rich and afraid."
1. From the passage, we know that__________.| A．The City mouse and the Country mouse finally lived together. |
| B．The Country mouse would live in his Country field. |
| C．The cat had eaten the Country mouse. |
| D．The City cat have a rich and safe living. |
| A．Because he dislike living with the City mouse. |
| B．Because he dislike the food in the city. |
| C．Because he prefer a poor but happy life. |
| D．Because he want to avoid the cat. |
| A．Two mouses and a cat. |
| B．The difference of city and country. |
| C．Two mouses,two choices. |
| D．Mouses and cats can not live together. |
4 . In 2010 I left the United States for the first time to fly over 9,000 miles to Uganda, a country in recovery from civil war. I was going there to help the local kids learn soccer.
As I played soccer with some kids, the sun burned my skin. I took many breaks to drink from my water bottle before realizing I was the only one who did that. All the energetic children running around never stopped to get water. After looking around, I realized there was NOWHERE for them to get water, and there was no well or water pump in sight.
I asked a man who was traveling with us why the kids didn’t ever stop to drink water. He told me that they would have to walk all the way to the pump in the next village and they didn’t want to miss out on playing soccer with a real ball. The kids seemed happy but it was not fair that to get a drink of water meant they would miss out on such a rare occurrence of playing with an actual soccer ball.
When I got home, I spoke with other people about kids in Uganda. They told me to do something to help them. That sounded like a great idea, but how? I spoke with my friends about helping kids in Uganda. We decided that we could try to solve their most urgent problem—water. And we decided to organize soccer camps to collect money.
It has been three years since our first camp and we have successfully run two more and funded two water filtration (净化) systems as well as 60 water pumps for farmers. We have been able to improve the health of thousands of Ugandans.
1. The kids didn’t drink water while playing soccer, because ______.| A．they didn’t feel thirsty at all |
| B．they couldn’t get any nearby |
| C．they were too poor to afford bottled water |
| D．they were not allowed to drink water during the play |
| A．She was unwilling to stay there anymore. |
| B．She decided to buy water for the kids at once. |
| C．She felt very proud of her own life. |
| D．She felt very sad for the kids. |
| A．We should fully enjoy what we have. |
| B．We can make a difference to others’ life. |
| C．We should be grateful for what we receive. |
| D．We can change our lives through hard work. |
1.家庭：
2．工作：
3.业余生活。
注意：1.词数100左右：
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯：
3.开头语已为你写好。
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future._______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days.But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death.Cells(细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever.But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on—in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.
It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.
1. According to the passage,human death is now mainly caused by _______.
| A．diseases and aging | B．accidents and war |
| C．accidents and aging | D．heart disease and war |
| A．medicine | B．the Internet |
| C．brain cells | D．human organs |
| A．heart disease will be far away from us |
| B．human brains can decide the final death |
| C．the basic materials of cells will last forever |
| D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine |
| A．human life will not last more than 120 years in the future |
| B．humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now |
| C．much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life |
| D．we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells |
7 . In the world nothing is more important than health. If people took away our money, houses, cars, or even our clothes, we could still survive.
First of all, we should eat healthily. I usually avoid eating food high in fat, like French fries or cookies, which are junk food.
By eating properly and exercising regularly, I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy. By spending time with my friends, I can keep my mind as well as my body happy. These things sound easy to do, but not many people can manage them.
| A．But if our health were taken away, we could surely die. |
| B．Some people appear fat because they often eat too much. |
| C．I think a strong will is necessary if we want to keep fit. |
| D．Many studies show that people with few friends often get sick. |
| E．There are some people who like staying alone, but they keep healthy. |
| F．What’s more, taking exercise is very important. |
| G．I eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruits which are full of vitamins. |
8 . Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.
The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University’s Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”
“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”
Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”
“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists’ skills to close this knowledge gap.”
Professor Miles Carroll, a co-author of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”
1. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?| A．How severe Ebola virus is. |
| B．How Ebola virus spreads. |
| C．How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly. |
| D．What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus. |
| A．In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much. |
| B．As the virus spreads, it’ll change and become more and more deadly. |
| C．The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses. |
| D．The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus. |
| A．optimistic | B．deadly |
| C．common | D．fantastic |
| A．In a science report. | B．In a storybook. |
| C．In an advertisement. | D．In a textbook. |
9 . Some people think if you are happy, you are blind to reality. But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain. How did we miss this? Why do we have these social misunderstandings about happiness? Because we assumed you were average. When we study people, scientists are often interested in what the average is.
Many people think happiness is genetic. That’s only half the story, because the average person does not fight their genes. When we stop studying the average and begin researching positive outliers —people who are above average for a positive aspect like optimism or intelligence —a wildly different picture appears. Our daily decisions and habits have a huge impact upon both our levels of happiness and success.
Scientifically, happiness is a choice. It is a choice about where your single processor brain will devote its limited resources as you process the world. If you scan for the negative first, your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work. But if you scan the world for the positive, you start to acquire an amazing advantage.
I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on “Happiness Leads to Profits.” Based on my article called “Positive Intelligence” and my research in The Happiness Advantage, I summarized our researched conclusion: the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce.
A decade of research in the business world proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome: increasing sales by 37%, productivity by 31%, and accuracy on tasks by 19%, as well as a number of health and quality-of-life improvements.
1. The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to .| A．the fact that people are happy |
| B．the connection between happiness and educational outcome |
| C．the fact that people often misunderstand happiness |
| D．the fact that most people are average |
| A．Scientists are only interested in what the average is. |
| B．You can choose to be happy or not. |
| C．The average are not happy at all. |
| D．Our decisions and habits have nothing to do with happiness. |
| A．To advertise himself. |
| B．To arouse the readers’ interest. |
| C．To support his point about happiness. |
| D．To attract the readers to read his articles. |
| A．To explain what is happiness. |
| B．To describe the misunderstandings about happiness. |
| C．To show people the importance of happiness. |
| D．To make the point that happiness promotes business and educational outcome. |
10 . I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I fumbled(摸索) in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches; they had taken those. I looked through the bars at the guard. He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him “Have you got a light？” He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette. As he came close and lit the match, his eyes unconsciously locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don't know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness; perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to smile. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was as though a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn't want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and caused a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.
I kept smiling at him, now thinking of him as a person and not just a guard. “Do you have kids？” he asked. “Yes, here, here.” I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes were filled with tears. I said that I feared that I'd never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me out. Out of the prison, quietly and by back routes, out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the town.
1. What had happened to the man before?| A．He had been badly treated. |
| B．He had killed someone. |
| C．He had been searched. |
| D．He had been forbidden to get in touch with anyone. |
| A．Because he was sure he was to be killed. |
| B．Because he wanted to ease his nervousness. |
| C．Because he wanted to talk to the guard. |
| D．Because he was used to smoking cigarettes. |
| A．The man was a heavy smoker. |
| B．The man smiled to please the guard. |
| C．The guard set the man free with permission. |
| D．The man hadn't thought the guard would set him free. |
| A．The smile. | B．The cigarette. |
| C．The tears. | D．The wallet. |
