1 . When we use “okay”, “OK” , “kk” or other similar words at work, we may pass on meanings we don’t intend. “OK” is a basic word of acceptance we say out loud to show agreement, but when you use it in digital work spaces such as Slack, or email, you may be communicating negativity or anger.

In the mind of an anxious employee, an “OK” or “okay” can become roof of Trendiness and

Judgement in text-based communication. When the boss answers a deadline request with just“OK”in an email, the two-letter word can suddenly sound indescribable. When a colleague replies to a paragraph-long question with a one letter on Slack, it can send us into an anxious panic, thinking the sender is mad at us. Why does simply saying “okay” or any of its other forms, such as the briefer “kay“, or “ kk”, not always sound OK online? One expert has an answer.

Gretchen Mcculloch, an Internet linguist and author of the upcoming book Because Internet, said OK is not born to be rude but something else matters. “Anything that’s shorter can sound rude, and anything that’s longer can sound more polite, ”Mcculloch said. This may be one subconscious reason that many of us add our Oks with pleasant expression like OK, great! ”or OK, sounds good “to express that we come in peace. Those extra words can make all the difference. ” Having two things there, listeners may feel you have gone through a bit of an extra effort and it is that extra effort that makes some-thing more polite Mcculloch said, “These real unnoticeable things are often what our vague (模糊的) social impressions are made out of.”

1. Which of the following idea may the writer support?

A．Be careful using “OK ”in online work-place communication.

B．The meaning of OK “varies from person to person.

C．Try to avoid using”OK “in group communication.

D．OK ”may have rich meanings in the work-place.

2. what do the examples in Paragraph 2 probably imply?

A．OK“sometimes shows satisfaction with work.

B．OK”“in written form is hard to express feelings.

C．It’s best to use”OK“less when facing unfamiliar people.

D．Simply replying with “OK” may cause misunderstandings at work.

3. What may influence the impression of a reply according to Mcculloch?

A．The length of it

B．The ending words.

C．the response speed.

D．The pronunciation of it.

4. How to use “OK ”to make a friendly reply?

A．Express more positive feelings instead of only saying OK

B．Take extra time to practice saying OK in a pleasant way

C．Add extra words based on the characters of the listeners

D．Find some more polite words to replace it.

3 . You must have heard the name of Michael Jordan, the God of basketball. When he was young his father always told him that if one has a passion to do something, then nothing Is impossible in this world. He laughed and didn’t believe it. His father decided to do something.

One day, Michael’s father showed him an old dirty T-shirt that was worth $1, and asked him to sell this T-shirt for $2. Michael consented to do it. Michael cleaned that T-shirt, ironed it and made it like a new one. Then he took it to the railway station and sold it for $2.

The next day Michact’s father gave Michael a second T-shirt and said that T-shirt would be sold for $20. Michael took it and thought hard. He cleaned the T-shirt, put a sticker of a Mickey Mouse on it and came to the school where only the children from rich families studied. Finally, one child liked the sticker very much and his father bought the T-shirt for $20.

On the third day, Michael felt tired and wanted to go to the amusement park. Unexpectedly, his father gave Michael another T-shirt and asked him to sell it for $200. Michael refused.

It was a sky-high selling price in his eyes. He even doubted his father said that intentionally. But he had to agree because his father insisted he should try. After thinking, he went to a city where a famous actress Just came. Michael tried to approach that actress and finally got an autograph(亲笔签名) on that T-shirt. He took it to the crowd. When people knew the T-shirt contained that actress, autograph bidding (出价) started and finally a man who paid highest got that T-shirt for $2000. Michael told the whole incident to his father. His father hugged him and said, One day you’ll achieve a great place in your life .You can do any-thing with this spirit.

1. Why did Michael’s father ask him to sell T-shirts?

A．To develop his social skills.

B．To train him to learn to do business.

C．To make him believe the power of passion.

D．To show him the difficulty of earning money.

2. What does the underlined word“consented”In Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Agreed.

B．Hated.

C．Failed.

D．Pretended.

3. What made Michael refuse his fathers request on the third day?

A．she was invited to a fan meeting.

B．He wanted to have a rest on that day.

C．He considered the task hard to finish.

D．He thought his father was causing trouble for others.

4. What can we know about Michael from his experience of selling T-shirts?

A．He was intelligent and creative.

B．He has great respect for his father.

C．He has good communication skills.

D．He was very interested in making money.

6 . In the middle of the night in India, a herd (群) of elephants wandered out of the forest and into a farm looking for food. The elephants came to a deep, muddy ditch (沟). _________, a small baby elephant slid into the ditch. She tried climbing up the sides of the ditch to get out, but, _________, she wasn’t strong enough to _________. She cried out in _________. Her mother and the other elephants _________ to help, but the ditch was too deep for them to _________ her with their trunks (象鼻). There was nothing they could do, but they _________ nearby to accompany her.

In the morning, farmers _________ the elephants, and soon they grabbed sticks and rushed at the animals, trying to scare them away. The elephant herd was _________ and ran off, leaving the baby alone in the __________. Then the farmers heard the cries of the baby elephant. They immediately called for help from the Forest Department, which __________ with a bulldozer (推土机) to dig away the dirt around the baby elephant. As the little elephant kicked and __________, workers from the Forest Department finally were able to pull her out. When a vet (兽医) __________ the baby elephant, he found she was tired and thirsty and scared, __________ not badly hurt.

The forest workers tried to find the __________ and the baby’s mother, but they were__________. The workers understood that the baby wouldn’t be able to __________ in the wild on her own, so they__________ her onto the back of their truck and drove her to the Wildlife Rescue Centre in Assam, India. At the rescue centre, the baby elephant had carers, __________ her several times a day. The carers took the baby along with other young rescued elephants, for walks together so they could learn how to find food and water in the __________. When these elephants were older, they were all released back into the wild to live together as a herd.

1.

A．Happily

B．Hopefully

C．Suddenly

D．Stupidly

2.

A．faithfully

B．possibly

C．unfortunately

D．difficultly

3.

A．win

B．fight

C．scream

D．escape

4.

A．fear

B．surprise

C．anger

D．doubt

5.

A．tried

B．continued

C．managed

D．happened

6.

A．search

B．reach

C．protect

D．drop

7.

A．rushed

B．dug

C．stayed

D．kicked

8.

A．beat

B．raised

C．discovered

D．helped

9.

A．puzzled

B．dissatisfied

C．disappointed

D．frightened

10.

A．ditch

B．night

C．forest

D．middle

11.

A．arrived

B．passed

C．stopped

D．agreed

12.

A．raced

B．struggled

C．rolled

D．pulled

13.

A．noticed

B．checked

C．saved

D．hugged

14.

A．if

B．unless

C．so

D．but

15.

A．sticks

B．farmers

C．food

D．herd

16.

A．worried

B．tired

C．gone

D．done

17.

A．walk

B．survive

C．change

D．move

18.

A．allowed

B．loaded

C．forced

D．rushed

19.

A．feeding

B．inviting

C．leaving

D．touching

20.

A．dark

B．centre

C．department

D．wild

7 . Like a lawyer arguing a case, Rodriguez introduced the applicant to fellow admissions officers seated as a court of gatekeepers for the university. The student came from a suburban public high school. She had strong grades but so-so SAT marks. Rodriguez liked her essay and extracurricular(课外的) activity records, and saw a “pretty good upward trend” in performance. “She’s eye-catching,” agreed Nixon, leader of the committee. But another officer, skimming evidence from the file on his laptop, raised objections. He said he worried about the student’s class rank and course selection. Debate on the 18-member committee lasted 22 minutes until Nixon called for a vote. Only Rodriguez raised his hand for admission; others voted to deny. With that decision, one case was settled among more than 30,000 to be decided.

The scene gave a glimpse(一瞥)of how a U.S university tries to fulfill its promise that every applicant will get a fair chance. It also showed the complex and subjective interplay (相互作用) of factors determining who gets in and who does not. Most anxious college-bound students can only guess at what gets said about applications they worked hard to complete. But this time the university allowed journalists into the room to show how decisions unfold. “People believe it’s formulaic(刻板的),” said Professor Gundy, director of undergraduate admissions. “That’s just not true.” Data shows the 50 state flagship universities across U.S. received 1.3 million applications in 2016, up 79 percent compared with ten years before.

The university employs about 60 “readers,” including year-round admissions staff as well as graduate students and retired admissions officers who work part-time job in the high season. On average, a good reader can rate (评估)an application in about seven to eight minutes. It would be cheaper and more efficient to screen applicants primarily on grade-point averages and test scores——which was, in fact, standard practice until 2006. But a by-the-numbers approach would be totally destructive. Which applicant is stronger, a student with a 3.8 GPA (grade-point average) or one with a 3.5? Most people will say it depends, and that’s exactly right.

1. Where is the scene described in Para.1 likely to be taking place?

A．A lawyer’s office.	B．A stage for debate.
C．A local courthouse.	D．A university meeting room.

2. What does Gundy think of people’s common belief about the decision-making?

A．It’s mistaken.	B．It’s remarkable.
C．It benefits the process.	D．It misleads the journalists.

3. What is said about the admissions procedure?

A．Both full-time and part-time employees are hired to screen the applications.

B．Absolute agreement among committee members on each case is necessary.

C．Applicants with higher GPAs get admitted before those with lower GPAs.

D．For students, it was more competitive ten years ago than it is now.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Unfolding the secrets of a court trial

B．Keys to successful college application

C．Winning cases through debating skills

D．Inside the black box of college admission

8 . The masked shrew is one of the smallest mammals(哺乳动物) in North America, only a few inches long. However, it recently made a giant jump. Over the past few decades, the tiny shrew has migrated more than 4,000 feet on both sides of the Rocky Mountains. And it’s not the only one.

Studies in other parts of the world have suggested that mountain animals are climbing higher. Lead study author Christy McCain, an ecologist at the University of Colorado Boulder, and her co-authors Sarah King and Tim Szewezyk wanted to show it is true in the Rockies.

The new study looked at 47 different species of small mammals in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. First, the researchers studied the small mammal samples (样本) collected in Colorado over the last few decades and built a database on where these mammals were typically found and how high up. Next, they conducted a series of field surveys in the Colorado Rockies, counting small mammals and recording where each species is found today. They then calculated how much each mammal population has moved over the last few decades.

They found that 26 of the 47 species studied had moved upward over time. Masked shrews were among the species with the largest jumps, climbing a total of about 4,500 feet. McCain noted that species with the largest upward jumps tend to share some important characteristics. Most of them are animals specifically adapted to cold weather. 11 of the 47 mammal species actually shifted downward. McCain noted they may be less sensitive to mountain warming. Six species do not appear to have changed at all. And four species have completely disappeared from the mountains in the period between the 1980s and now.

“This is the first indication,” McCain said, “that large animal communities are responding to climate change.” The findings are consistent with the conclusions of other studies around the world — that mountain ecosystems are sensitive to climate change and wildlife in these places is already responding to the pressure, both of which can urge humans to change the current situation.

1. Why did Christy McCain and her team do the study?

A．To collect data of mountain animals.	B．To urge humans to change the situation.
C．To prove the previous conclusions.	D．To assess the effects of climate change.

2. What does the study find about mountain mammals?

A．Many species have disappeared.	B．None have shifted downward.
C．Those going higher are sensitive to cold.	D．Many are affected by climate change.

3. What can the findings function as?

A．A wake-up call.	B．A climate reminder.
C．A pressure response.	D．A situation changer.

4. What’s the main theme of the text?

A．Mountain mammals climb higher to beat the heat.

B．Cold-adapted species suffer a lot in the Rockies.

C．Climate change is making the Rockies unlivable.

D．Small mammals are vital to mountain ecosystems.

9 . Famous actor Josh Duhamel leads a group of youngsters in a two-mile charity beach run. He may be an attractive movie star, but there’s more to Josh Duhamel than a pretty face. The 40-year-old actor led a youth charity fun run for the third year running on Sunday, in aid of the Red Cross giving a hand to countries and places suffering natural disasters.

Josh sported the charity’s T-shirt and black baseball cap with black jogging bottoms as he joined a group of youngsters in the two-mile effort on Santa Monica Beach. Josh was clearly enjoying himself today, sprinting (冲刺) across the finish line raising both arms in a victory salute.

In March last year and January of 2010, Josh led thousands of runners and raised over $200,000 for both Japanese and Haitian earthquake relief efforts. And donations collected at this year’s Youth Run will go towards the American Red Cross PrepareSoCal campaign which helps Southern Californians get ready for disasters.

“I do the youth run because I feel that younger people may not be able to donate a lot of money but that doesn’t mean that they can’t contribute and make a difference,” Josh told the Red Cross website. “Bringing students of L. A. together for these events not only raises a lot of money, but also raises the spirits of those affected by any disaster and helps everyone young and old.”

Duhamel had won the title of Male Model of the Year in an International Modeling and Talent Association competition in 1997. Duhamel began his acting career as an extra in the music videos for Donna Summer’s song, “I Will Go With You” in 1998.

Later that year, he won the role of Leo Pres on the ABC soap opera “All My Children”. He then began appearing in films, and his acting in the film “Transformers” as well as its sequels (续集) was so successful that he became a pop film star.

1. Why did Josh Duhamel lead the beach run?

A．He raised money for people suffering from diseases.

B．He found more young volunteers especially teenagers.

C．He built up a fame of having the spirit of entertainment.

D．He helped the Red Cross raise money for places suffering from disasters.

2. How did Josh Duhamel feel about his joining in the beach run?

A．He felt it the best way to kill time especially on weekends.

B．He felt it the best way to get to know the world.

C．He thought it the best chance to make himself famous.

D．He found it enjoyable and exciting to be a member.

3. The aim of the youth run of L.A. is to ______.

A．persuade more young people to keep the earth green

B．inspire those affected by disasters and give them a hand

C．make the young realize the influence of famous people

D．raise as much money as possible to help the old and young

4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．The importance of the youth run started by the Red Cross.

B．The methods to join in the youth run led by Josh Duhamel.

C．The experiences and achievements of Josh Duhamel.

D．The reason why Josh Duhamel leads the youth run.