1 . In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom (情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although often ignored, was usually
Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and
A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the
In a corporate culture based on
The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are
Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give
And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external
A.justifiable | B.pointless | C.subjective | D.ridiculous |
A.on the whole | B.in conclusion | C.as a result | D.on the contrary |
A.airline | B.manufacturing | C.service | D.advertising |
A.tempt | B.reason | C.trick | D.guide |
A.offensive | B.ambitious | C.aggressive | D.humble |
A.imitation | B.fear | C.efficiency | D.competition |
A.motivates | B.facilitates | C.maintains | D.prevents |
A.spoiling | B.polishing | C.masking | D.exploiting |
A.related to | B.safe from | C.concerned with | D.dependent on |
A.equivalent | B.object | C.argument | D.criticism |
A.priority | B.motivation | C.access | D.feedback |
A.optimistic | B.objective | C.defensive | D.passive |
A.authorities | B.elements | C.divisions | D.whistleblowers |
A.rejected | B.eliminated | C.voiced | D.questioned |
A.competitiveness | B.inventiveness | C.carefulness | D.selflessness |
光华中学于上月进行了秋季校运会。
作为该校高三学生王鹏,你想写一封信给自己的好友张航,与他分享自己的所见所想。
你的信件必须包含:描述你眼中校运会期间最令人感动或令人兴奋的场景;阐述你选择这一场景的原因。
Biographers (传记作家) gather information from many different sources. Legal documents and personal papers can reveal facts such as a person’s birthplace, income, number of children, and lifespan. Letters or a diary may contain valuable information about the person’s friends and activities, thoughts and feelings. All of these materials are called primary sources because they contain firsthand information ---- information that does not depend on the opinions or interpretations of others.
A biographer also checks secondary sources. The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died long ago, the biographer looks for anything written about him or her. Secondary sources supply secondhand information, and so a biographer must use them with care. The subject’s friends will want the biography to be favorable, while others may wish it to be unfavorable. The biographer must avoid both extremes. The biographer’s job is not to make readers like or dislike the subject, but to give as complete and truthful a picture of the person as possible. This means the biography should include both good and bad qualities, both accomplishments and mistakes. James Boswell, the author of a great biography of his friend Samuel Johnson, wrote, “And he will be seen as he really was; for I profess to write, not his panegyric (颂文), which must all praise, but his life, which, great and good as he was, must not be supposed to be entirely perfect.”
Much biographical writing falls short of Boswell’s standards. Ancient records of the deeds of kings and emperors were written to praise and flatter these rulers. Writers of saints’ (圣人) lives in the Middle Ages were often more interested in the moral message than the events of a life. Many 19th-century biographers did not reveal any improper or embarrassing details of their subjects’ lives. Though they may be interesting or inspiring, these works fail as biographies chiefly because their purpose is to point up a moral rather than describe an individual.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 . According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up 15 per cent of the population but only 10 per cent of museum-goers. Similarly, people of colour aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.
We have reached the point of recognizing a disconnect between art and audiences but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more modern and accessible ways.
If you have ever tried to power through reading a museums complex wall text, you know art discussions can be full of special terms. In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on topics such as film, psychology and even Beyoncé, with few special terms. The series has been a useful way of connecting art to current events. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audiences along for the discussion.
More traditional institutions are paying attention. This summer, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity ---- toilet rolls featured frequently ---- and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a hidden desire for audiences to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.
Many people are intimidated (威胁) by art and feel that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation. The Getty initiative embraced the visuality of art and served as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
Another interesting byproduct of the Getty challenge was the attention given to a diversity of artworks. British opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of stunning recreations highlighting centuries of black portraiture, including a collaboration with London’s National Portrait Gallery. His efforts counter the perception that there are not many historical portraits of black figures. It is imperative (势在必行的) that we do a better job of showcasing the many complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. In doing so, we preserve more histories and welcome wider diversity of people.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have amassed tens of thousands of followers by dedicating their feeds to female artists, artists of of colour and more. Their followings are proof positive that there is a hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
But there is only so much that can be done without Britain’s museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on boards and executive teams.
Ensuring that art ---- and writing and talking about art ---- resonates throughout the population depends on the rising generation of storytellers, inside institutions and out, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the sector.
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of the answers to tackling the challenge?A.Engaging audiences in discussions in the podcast Art Matters |
B.Holding pop-culture discussions with the charity Art UK |
C.Encouraging people to recreate paintings with household items |
D.Portraying historical black figures through art recreations |
A.connecting art history to popular topics |
B.having only a few special terms |
C.being accessible to the poor and needy |
D.engaging more diverse audiences |
A.lack the ability to understand and talk about art history |
B.prefer to view artworks and hear art stories on social media |
C.long to engage with art topics and diverse art history stories |
D.hope more people of colour are represented on museum boards |
A.Art for Change | B.Don’t Fear Art |
C.Art on Social Media | D.Art for All |
A. neighbouring;B. concerned;C. complete;D. earnest;E. fats F. maintenance;G. notably;H. operations;I. regularly;J. specifics;K. shift |
A good grilling
As they reopen after lockdown, many restaurants are firing up their barbecues. Diners appreciate food grilled over glowing charcoal embers, but the
The researchers tested a commercial grill,
The researchers are investigating which extraction systems best protect all the people
Meanwhile, Dr Aleysa’s team have come up with their own solution: a new kind of grill, which they reckon can cut pollutants by 90%. Dr Aleysa is reluctant to go into
An industrial partner is keen to put the grill into production. It could go on sale by the middle of next year. It will cost a bit more than a standard grill, says Dr Aleysa. But he believes that would be offset by lower
American researchers say they have invented a method that could use salty water on Mars to produce oxygen and fuel,
Engineers at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, developed the new method. They created a machine called an electrolyzer. It can separate salty water into oxygen and hydrogen gases.
The team described the process in a study recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Scientists have already collected solid evidence
The research team notes that any water that is not frozen is almost surely full of salt from the Martian soil. The usual methods for breaking water down into oxygen require the salt
The team carried out experiments with high levels of magnesium salts, which scientists believe likely
The U.S. space agency NASA has also experimented with technology to produce oxygen on Mars. One device designed to do this will be tested as part of NASA’s Perseverance mission. Perseverance is a new explorer vehicle, or rover, that is currently on
The engineering team said its method could even find valuable uses on Earth. “
1.
A.To study the effect of isolation on humans. |
B.To figure out the conditions of the volcano. |
C.To help choose the right persons for a trip to Mars. |
D.To learn about human mental and emotional problems. |
A.Eating diet food. | B.Enduring isolation. |
C.Being cooperative. | D.Coping with pressure. |
A.To set up their habitat. | B.To make weather maps. |
C.To study the rocky surface. | D.To communicate every 20 minutes. |
8 . Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens, a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibinreat wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to “ The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government." No doubt he had nor an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
1. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph2 refer to?A.Countries where their people need help. |
B.Governments ruled with absolute power. |
C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. |
D.Powerful states with higher civilization. |
A.regard their life as their own business |
B.seek gains as their primary object |
C.treat others with kindness and pity |
D.behave within the laws and value systems |
A.The Athenians refused to take their responsibility. |
B.The Athenians no longer took pride in the city. |
C.The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government. |
D.The Athenians looked on the government as a business. |
A.The author is hopeful about freedom. |
B.The author is cautious about self-government. |
C.The author is skeptical of Greek civilization. |
D.The author is proud of man’s capacity. |
An Extension of the Humans Brain
Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social prosthetic (义肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.
Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use-I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.
As for the judgment, the Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m writing a textbook it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea,” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar-and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A.fascination B.luxury C.adventurers D. snow-capped E.significantly F.accessible G. hopefully H. vast I.draw J.tempted K.accommodate |
Few countries have such a diverse and appealing“ Outdoors” as the USA. The landscape is
summit is nearly 7000 feet. There is also an abundance of waterfalls, rivers, lakes that are small and intimate or
Everything worth seeing in the USA is
Many Americans, young and old, prefer camping in vehicles called"campers”. There exist many different kinds from the extremely extravagant to the cheap convertible pick-up truck. There are monster campers with every imaginable
Horseback riding also holds a