1.小组观点；
2.陈述理由。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hello, everyone!
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Thank you for listening!
2 . Atomic shapes are so simple that they can’t be broken down any further. Mathematicians are trying to turn to artificial intelligence (AI) for help to build a periodic table of these shapes, hoping it will assist in finding yet-unknown atomic shapes.
Tom Coates at Imperial College London and his colleagues are working to classify atomic shapes known as Fano varieties, which are so simple that they can’t be broken down into smaller components. Just as chemists arranged element s in the periodic table by their atomic weight and group to reveal new insights, the researchers hope that organizing these atomic shapes by their various properties will help in understanding them.
The team has given each atomic shape a sequence of numbers based on its features such as the number of holes it has or the extent to which it bends around itself. This acts as a bar code (条形码) to identify it. Coates and his colleagues have now created an AI that can predict certain properties of these shapes from their bar code numbers alone, with an accuracy of 98 percent.
The team member Alexander Kasprzyk at the University of Nottingham, UK, says that the AI has let the team organize atomic shapes in a way that begins to follow the periodic table, so that when you read from left to right, or up and down, there seem to be general patterns in the geometry (几何) of the shapes.
Graham Nib lo at the University of Southampton, UK, stresses that humans will still need to understand the results provided by AI and create proofs of these ideas. “AI has definitely got unbelievable abilities. But in the same way that telescopes (望远镜) don’t put astronomers out of work, AI doesn’t put mathematicians out of work,” he says. “It just gives us new backing that allows us to explore parts of the mathematical landscape that are out of reach.”
The team hopes to improve the model to the point where missing spaces in its periodic table could point to the existence of unknown shapes.
1. What is the purpose of building a periodic table of shapes?| A．To gain deeper insights into the atomic shapes. |
| B．To create an AI to predict the unknown shapes. |
| C．To break down atomic shapes into smaller parts. |
| D．To arrange chemical elements in the periodic table. |
| A．Its holes. | B．Its bends. |
| C．Its atomic weight. | D．Its properties. |
| A．Design. | B．Help. | C．Duty. | D．Threat. |
| A．Thanks to AI, new atomic shapes have been discovered. |
| B．Mathematicians turn to AI to create more atomic shapes. |
| C．AI helps build a relationship between chemistry and maths. |
| D．A periodic table of shapes can be built with the help of AI. |
Last Saturday, Jordon was taking a walk in the park near his home when he noticed a woman with a boy of about seven years old. When Jordon passed them, he heard the woman yell, “How stupid you are! You are good at nothing. ”Jordon stopped and looked at the little boy. The boy said nothing. He just stood there, looking upset.
Jordon was reminded of his English teacher Mrs Mary in middle school. He was often told that he was good at nothing. But one day it all changed. One day, in an English writing class, Mrs Mary asked them to read a novel. They were asked to write a new chapter of the novel after they finished reading the book. A few days later, Jordon handed in his story. But the next day to his surprise, the comment (评价) “well done” from Mrs Mary came into view the moment he turned to the page where the story was written. When Jordon read that, he almost burst into tears. That day after he returned home, he wrote a short story and gave it to Mrs Mary the next morning. And again he was praised.
Jordon became very interested in writing. He often wrote short stories and asked Mrs Mary to read them and correct them for him. Mrs Mary always corrected them for him and gave him good advice to improve them. One year later, he was no longer that boy who lacked self-confidence. He gained his confidence and was hopeful about his future. Several years after graduating from college, he had his first book published and became famous as a writer in his country. And he owed his success to Mrs Mary's encouragement. Without her encouragement, his life might be very different now.
注意：
续写词数应为80-100词左右；
续写内容为一段；
请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Encouraged by his own life story, Jordon decided to do something for that boy.
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4 . Fresh fish should have a mild smell. Strong fishy smells are the first signs to go bad. How do the fishy smells come from?
It can be several days from when the fish are caught to when they reach the supermarket. In that time, bacteria that grow naturally in fish start to consume a substance called trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)in fish. These bacteria change TMAO into trimethylamine (TMA), the substance responsible for the fishy smells. Bacteria in fish can also change lysine(赖氨酸)into cadaverine(尸胺), a substance that’s associated with breaking down the fish once they are caught and giving off fishy smell.
Chemical reactions can also lead to fishy smells. This happens through the oxidation(氧化)of fat. Fish are an important source of omega-3 fatty acids. When these fats are exposed to oxygen, they oxidize and break down into the substance that you can smell.
To slow down the fishy smell, what is beyond question is that the less time between when the fish are caught and when they reach the kitchen, the better. But today, fish are often flown across the globe. To keep smell-producing bacteria at bay, the fish must be frozen or kept at the low temperature possible as soon as they are caught and cleaned.
Controlling fat oxidation can function as well, especially for fattier fish species. While freezing slows bacterial growth, it does not stop fat oxidation. This reaction will occur as long as oxygen is present. Fatty fish are usually not frozen because, despite the cold temperature, they’re going to oxidize pretty fast unless they are stored in a low oxygen container. That’s why those species are often canned.
It’s also important to remember that smell is not always an indicator of safety, especially in processed fish products. “What you might consider the fishy smell may be a delicacy in another culture,” said Carl A. Batt, a professor of food science at Cornell University.
1. Which of the following has the fishy smell?| A．Fish fat. | B．TMAO. | C．Cadaverine. | D．Lysine. |
| A．Drying them in the air. | B．Storing them in closed containers. |
| C．Carefully cleaning them. | D．Exposing them to rich oxygen. |
| A．Objective. |
| B．Negative. |
| C．Acceptable. |
| D．Unclear. |
| A．Topic—Example—Conclusion. | B．Topic—Comparison—Opinion. |
| C．Question——Cause——Solution. | D．Question—Effect—Opinion. |
Harrison’s home was in a small village. He was a 17-year-old high school student who walked to and from school by himsclf every day. He hadn’t had many friends since growing up, so he always felt lonely.
On his way to his school, he needed to pass through a large woods where birds sang and flowers bloomed. Animals kept each other company and played in the woods, which contrasted (形成对比) sharply with Harrison’s loneliness. Whenever he saw these sights, he longed to make new friends with whom he could play.
One day, on his way from his school, Harrison spotted a red object in a tree. When he got closer, it turned out to be a balloon with a string (细绳) tied to it. The balloon’s stringwas wrapped around a branch, making it impossible to fly away. Just as Harrison was getting bored, he reached up to untie the balloon. He thought it was just a balloon, but then herealized there seemed to be something inside the balloon.
Out of curiosity, Harrison slowly untied the balloon and saw a piece of paper in it. It was a letter, but it was a little hard to read. He picked up the letter and put it in the sunlightfalling from the woods and read it aloud:
If you have found this letter, it means my balloon finally reaches the destination. I used the balloon to see how far my letter would travel. I want this balloon to fly to a teenager like me and I hope to be friends with you. I launched it from Wisconsin Academy on May 1. Please write back to me and tell me where and when you found it. Besides, I’m happy to know something about you.
Sincerely,
Joe Smiths
After reading the letter, Harrison felt unusually excited. He couldn’t believe that hecould receive a letter in the woods. He wanted to write back to Joe right away, so he started running home.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As soon as Harrison got home, he ran into his room.
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A few weeks later, Harrison received a letter from Joe.
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One morning this summer holiday, I was running on the road when I saw an elderly foreign lady waving her phone at me, speaking to me in a foreign language. Obviously, she didn’t speak English at all. When I listened to her more carefully, I found she was speaking German. She was clearly lost and trying to walk to the house where she lived. She showed me screen shots of maps on her phone as if she wanted me to help her find her way home. Actually, I learned some German in my spare time because our school will have German classes the next term. However, I was so poor at it that it was almost useless in practice.
I studied nearby and I knew my classmate, Lisa, who was good at speaking German. So I decided to telephone her. “Hi, Lisa. I came across a German lady. Do you have time to come and act as a translator now?” I said and then sent her my location, Unfortunately, Lisa answered, “Sorry, Belle. I’m shopping now. I can reach your place in about half an hour.” Hearing that, I had to tell her that I could manage myself.
Suddenly, an idea flashed through my mind. I downloaded a translation app and used the voice function to translate what the lady said into English. Just in this way, I learned that she came here to visit her daughter who was new to the city to teach. And I also determined the address she needed to get to. It was not far from here to her house, so I offered to walk with her to her destination. She was greatly grateful to me and kept saying sorry for taking my time.
When we got to the house, her daughter just came back. She was as touched by my kindness as her mother. I kept reminding her that it was no trouble for me, and that I only intend-ed to make sure her mother got there safely.
Walking with the lady was more rewarding than running alone. Despite having to rely on technology to communicate due to the language barrier, I felt lucky to have been able to help her. When I left, I couldn’t wait to share the wonderful experience with Lisa.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
No sooner had I picked up my phone than Lisa called me.
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When the German teacher entered the classroom in the new term, I felt I’d seen her somewhere before.
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1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.倡议参加。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Volunteer Campaign
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I’m smaller than everyone else my age. When I walk in the halls at school, I have to squeeze in between the bigger kids to get by. At the playground, sometimes even little kids try to boss me around. Mia, my best friend, is so tall that when she walks, I have to jog to keep up with her.
I used to try to make myself taller whenever I could. My posture was perfect, straight as an arrow. I hung from the tree in our backyard to stretch out my arms and legs. I even ate all my vegetables. Every day I measured myself, but I was the same height every time. Frustrating!
“Don’t worry,” Mom always said. “Being small has its advantages.” “Really? I could never notice any.”
One day, Mrs. Alvarez announced to the class that we’d be putting on a spring play. I practiced all the lines. But at the audition (试演), when I walked up to the stage, Mrs. Alvarez cried, “You’ll be perfect as the elf (小精灵)! You’re just the right size for the costume.” I even never got a chance to deliver the practiced lines. Back home I grumbled (咕哝) to mum that I was made an elf. But she bet I would be the best elf. To please her, I went to rehearsals (排练), though I only had two lines.
Mia got the lead role-a girl wandering through a magical fairy forest in search of her lost dog. In the last scene, she finds a box under a giant mushroom, and when she opens it, her dog jumps out. Mrs. Alvarez’s dog, Prince, played the dog role. She brought him to all the rehearsals, and when he wasn’t onstage, we got to play with him, but he seemed to like me best.
The night of the show, my first line came early, “Let’s ask the Fairy Queen!” Since my only other line was toward the end, I waited offstage, playing with Prince.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Finally, the grand end came, and Prince was brought onstage inside the box.
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“How can we get Prince out from beneath the stage?” Mrs. Alvarez asked.
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When two-year old Frankie-Rae Hockney took her first shaky steps across the livingroom, her mother cried. Although watching a child walk for the first time is an exciting moment for any parent, for Mary-Ella Tuppenney-Hockney it was a milestone she neverthought her daughter would meet.
Frankie-Rae was born with a rare chromosomal anomaly (染色体异常) called 17p 13.1 microdeletion syndrome, of which there are only 21 known cases. Doctors explained that they only had five different case studies who had the condition and so there were lots of uncertainties about her future. As a result, when she was born, Mary-Ella, 36, and dad Ben Hockney, 37,were warned that she might never walk or talk. They both broke down in tears, not knowing what life would hold for their daughter.
Mary-Ella is a dance teacher and she runs her own dance school in Oxfordshire and so dancing is a huge part of their lives. So she thought it was heart-breaking to think that Frankie-Rae wouldnever be able to be part of that. However, Frankie-Rae quickly beganseeing experts in occupational health. Despite all her problems, she grew into such a happy, smiley little girl who loved listening to music and waving (挥舞) along to it.
“Because she couldn’t walk as she got bigger, we needed a special pushchair and the one available on the NHS wasn’t suitable for her needs,” Mary-Ella explains. Fortunately, the Carter Trust stepped in to give Frankie-Rae one that worked. It meant her parents could take her shopping with them on weekends and out to the park. It made such a huge difference to her and the family. But Mary -Ella felt guilty for taking the money from the charity.
That’s when Frankie -Rae’s elder sister Georgie-Ellyn, eight, came up with the idea of fundraising (募捐) for the charity that helped them. As a result, the family got together, organizing some activities such as selling second-hand clothes and books. They also held aparty inviting those who cared for the charity.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
However, it was Frankie-Rae’s shaky steps that inspired people most.
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Frankie Rae is such a smiley happy little girl that she brings hope to all that meet her.
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10 . The “reading wars,” one of the most confusing and disabling conflicts in the history of education, went on heatedly in the 1980s and then peace came. Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature).
Recent events suggest the conflict of complicated concepts is far from over. Teachers, parents and experts appear to agree that phonics is crucial, but what is going on in classrooms is not in agreement with what research studies say is required, which has aroused a national debate over the meaning of the word “phonics.”
Lucy M. Calkins, a professor at Columbia University’s Teachers College and a much-respected expert on how to teach reading, has drawn attention with an eight-page essay. Here is part of her argument: “The important thing is to teach kids that they needn’t freeze when they come to a hard word, nor skip past it. The important thing is to teach them that they have resources to draw upon, and to use those resources to develop endurance.”
To Calkins’s critics, it is cruel and wasteful to encourage 6-year-olds to look for clues if they don’t immediately know the correct sounds. They should work on decoding — knowing the pronunciation of every letter group — until they master it, say the critics, backed by much research.
Calkins’s approach “is a slow, unreliable way to read words and an inefficient way to develop word recognition skill,” Mark S. Seidenberg, a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, said in a blog post. “Dr. Calkins treats word recognition as a reasoning problem — like solving a puzzle. She is committed to the educational principle that children learn best by discovering how systems work rather than being told.”
Many others share his view. “Children should learn to decode — i.e., go from print on the page to words in the mind — not by clever guesswork and inference, but by learning to decode,” Daniel Willingham, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, told me. He said the inferences Calkins applauds are “cognitively (认知地) demanding, and readers don’t have much endurance for it. … It disturbs the flow of what you’re reading, and doing a lot of it gets frustrating.”
Yet a recent survey found that only 22 percent of 670 early-reading teachers are using the approach of phonics and what they mean by phonics is often no more than marking up a worksheet.
Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words. But first, they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak.
Calkins said in her essay: “Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy,” but it would be a mistake to teach phonics “at the expense of reading and writing.”
The two sides appear to agree with her on that.
1. Critics of phonics hold the opinion that ________.| A．children should be taught to use context |
| B．teaching phonics is both boring and useless |
| C．kids acquire vocabulary in hearing letter groups |
| D．pronunciation has nothing to do with meaning of words |
| A．Tell me and I will forget; show me and I will remember. |
| B．Skilled reading is fast and automatic but not deliberative. |
| C．Word recognition skill should be developed in problem reasoning. |
| D．Learning to make reasonable inferences is also a way of decoding. |
| A．phonics approach has been proved to be successful |
| B．children don’t shy away from difficulties in reading |
| C．the two reading approaches might integrate with each other |
| D．reading and writing are much more important than phonics |
| A．An everlasting reading war among critics |
| B．From print on the page to words in the mind |
| C．A battle restarts between phonics, whole language |
| D．Decoding and inferring confuse early-reading teachers |
