1 . For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.
For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.
Both high-intensity (高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode (一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”
Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.
1. How did the researchers reach their conclusion?| A．By analyzing a mass of data. |
| B．By conducting genetic research. |
| C．By comparing various levels of activity. |
| D．By tracking the subjects for many years. |
| A．Physical activity betters medical treatment. |
| B．Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it. |
| C．Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same. |
| D．Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment. |
| A．Harmful. | B．Complex. |
| C．Unusual. | D．Common. |
| A．To discuss a disease. |
| B．To introduce a method. |
| C．To analyze a genetic risk. |
| D．To explain a phenomenon. |
2 . While you are studying or working abroad, sharing an apartment with people from other cultures is a great way of getting the most out of a period of the beginning. This is a situation to which it will take some time to adapt. Here are some tips to make the process go smoother.
Start by being aware of your own culture, values and attitudes. Understand that people who have not grown up in the same country or context as you can sometimes translate some of your behavior in the wrong way. To avoid this, seek advice from your friends and family to find out more about what type of person you are and what you might come across when it comes to people who don’t know you. You might also consider conducting a little research about what type of stereotypes (成见) other cultures might hold about the people of your own country.
Be understanding and patient. Now that you know that people are all different, be understanding when you get to know them. Try to be open-minded so that you can start off on the right foot. This will promote communication with them. To get to know each other better, plan to spend some time doing what each of you likes to do in your spare time. You can cook meals together, go out to the town, listen to music, take a weekend trip and plan some board games. Moreover, the other person might be from a place where People do not usually do these activities. The opportunities to learn from each other are endless, but sometimes it can take some initiative (主动权) to actually make it happen.
People are more similar than you think most of the time. We grow up in such a large world with so much information everywhere and sometimes we can be misled into thinking something that we should not believe, but we have the opportunity to make up our own minds. So be kind. You don’t know where people come from and what their story is.
1. Why does the author suggest being aware of your own culture?| A．To learn to behave well. | B．To build the sense of independence. |
| C．To prevent yourself being misunderstood. | D．To gain an insight into other cultures. |
| A．Mind your own business in spare time. | B．Suggest some activities to do together. |
| C．Involve your roommate in what you like. | D．Team up with your roommate in video games. |
| A．The world is so large and people are different. |
| B．Being friendly is good for cross-cultural communication. |
| C．People from different cultures should learn from each other. |
| D．Go to the Internet to get more information about different cultures. |
| A．How to Study or Work Abroad | B．How to Learn Cultures of Your Roommates |
| C．How to Have a Good Time with Foreigners | D．How to Live with People from Different Cultures |
3 . Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behaviour to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC)ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs – they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats, and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too. In another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.
For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻)that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.
1. According to the author, what is the significance of EC?| A．It brings us closer to the truth in human cognition. |
| B．It offers a clearer picture of the shape of human brain. |
| C．It reveals the major role of the mind in human cognition. |
| D．It facilitates our understanding of the origin of psychology. |
| A．Their personal looks. | B．Their mental needs. |
| C．Their inner emotions. | D．Their physical feelings. |
| A．Human speech is alive with metaphors. |
| B．Human senses have effects on thinking. |
| C．Human language is shaped by visual images. |
| D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials. |
| A．To deepen the readers’ understanding of EC. |
| B．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. |
| C．To guide the reader onto the path to career success. |
| D．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. |
4 . Mexico has more than just beaches. Several Mexican cities have been recognized as forming part of the heritage of humanity and are considered to be of outstanding universal value.
Oaxaca
Oaxaca and the nearby archaeological site Monte Alban have both been recognized by UNESCO. Oaxaca, the capital city of the state of the same name, was founded in 1529 and offers a good example of previous Spanish town planning. Oaxaca is considered one of Mexico’s best foodie destinations. Learn what foods and drinks you should try in Oaxaca.
Guanajuato
As a silver mining town in the past, Guanajuato seems special. The winding streets and small squares give it a more friendly feel than some of the other cities. This is a student town with a vibrant culture and an important cultural festival — the International Cervantino Festival which is held every October.
Puebla
Puebla is one of Mexico’s large cities, but its historical center can easily be explored on foot. It has some special historical structures such as the 16th-century cathedral and some other fine buildings with walls covered in tiles.
Morelia
Morelia, the capital of the state of Michoacán, was originally called Valladolid, but its name was changed in honor of independence hero José María Morelos y Pavón. The Museo del Dulce is a stop you shouldn’t miss in Morelia. Visits to nearby Patzcuaro or the reserves are also recommended on a trip to Morelia.
1. What are visitors recommended to do in Oaxaca?| A．Walk on a beach. | B．Enjoy local cuisine. |
| C．Visit a student town. | D．Join a cultural festival. |
| A．Architecture. | B．Reserves. | C．Silver mining. | D．Foods and drinks. |
| A．Oaxaca. | B．Guanajuato. | C．Puebla. | D．Morelia. |
5 . The last time my husband and I went out for a dinner in a restaurant, the server came and recited (背诵) a long list of specials and detailed descriptions of how the food was made. As she spoke. I became almost more interested in how she could remember all those descriptions than thinking about the food, Meanwhile. I couldn’t remember where I’d put my keys before we left for the restaurant.
Objectively (客观地) speaking, not remembering where you put your keys is generally not a sign of dementia (痴呆). And on the other side, being able to remember a long list of restaurant specials isn’t necessarily a sign of surprising mental ability, either.
While most of us are afraid about developing dementia. fewer than 10% of adults age 65and older will end up with dementia such as Alzheimer’s. “For them, developing a condition like Alzheimer’s is a part of normal aging,” says Joel Salinas MD, an expert at NYU Langone Health. And, he adds. “There are areas that actually improve with age, like vocabulary and wisdom.”
“Memory is all these different brain networks working in concert with each other,” says Dr. Salinas. While genetics and family history play some role in the risk of memory problems. so do plenty of other reasons, For example, some medicine and alcohol can cause memory problems, especially for older people.
The brain might be the place that memory is stored, but it doesn’t exist in the air. The health and efficiency of the brain depend a lot on the general health of the body. In short, what’s good for the body is good for the brain. Many of the lifestyle factors that can improve memory are the same that have a positive effect on general health, such as, exercising properly. having a balanced diet, and sleeping well.
1. Why does the author mention her experience in paragraph 1?| A．To show her interest in the specials. |
| B．To introduce the topic of the text. |
| C．To invite more customers to the restaurant. |
| D．To express her regret about losing her keys. |
| A．Objective. | B．Worried. | C．Supportive. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Reciting details | B．Working with others. |
| C．Exercising properly. | D．Sleeping a lot. |
| A．a research plan | B．a health magazine |
| C．a business magazine | D．a book review |
6 . Whenever travelers planning to Hawaii are surveyed, their first question is often the same: “How’s the weather in Hawaii?” Most of the time, the answer is pretty easy. After all. Hawaii experiences only two seasons; summer. called “kau”, and winter. called “hooilo”.
Temperatures in Hawaii
During summer, the islands experience an average temperature of around 29°C. This is also the start of the dry season and mostly perfect weather across the board. Even though summer is the islands’ dry season. hurricanes are also more common during this period. Winter runs from November through April in Hawaii. Temperatures aren’t much colder than summer, averaging around 26°C. This is the rainier part of the year across most islands. While winter temperatures don’t drop too significantly, surf is much higher, making swimming risky. Not surprisingly, this season is popular among big-time surfers.
What to pack
Given Hawaii’s consistent temperatures year-round, you’ll primarily want to pack light-weight, breathable clothing. Depending on when you’re visiting. you should prepare water-proof gear (防水装置) as well as activity-specific clothing, like hiking boots or a wetsuit. Regardless of when you’re visiting, pack high-rated sunscreen. for it’s quite common to get sunburned faster than you even realize.
Vog in Hawaii
There are four major islands—Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and the Big Island. Vog (火山雾) is an effect caused by enissions of the Kilauea volcano on the Big Island. Therefore. why not come to the island if you’re interested in it? While vog is merely an inconvenience for most residents. it can affect people with illnesses such as asthma (哮喘). Some visitors to the Big ls-land who suffer from these problems should ask their doctors before their visit.
1. Which season is the most popular for surfers in Hawaii?| A．Spring. | B．Summer. | C．Autumn. | D．Winter. |
| A．On Maui, | B．On Oahu. | C．On Kauai. | D．On the Big Island. |
| A．To introduce some information about Hawaii. |
| B．To show some amazing activities in Hawaii. |
| C．To explain the development of Hawaii. |
| D．To show the beauty of Hawaii. |
7 . As for Hallie Barnard, who was born with a rare blood disorder, a song, whose main idea is about a good friendship turning bad like the bad blood, meant a lot to her. The song represents her inborn struggle with a unique blood condition and the impact it has on her life.
At just 15 months old, Hallie was diagnosed (诊断) with Diamond-Blackfan anemia(DBA) , and she spent most of her life in and out of the hospital. Hallie said she relied on the singer to bring her joy. The only way to survive DBA is with a bone marrow transplant (骨髓移植) and Hallie was eager for one. But she knew thousands of other patients were, too.
So, a few years ago, she decided to do something about it, creating her own foundation, Hallie’s Heroes. “It started selfishly as just trying to save my life, but then we realized there’s so many other children out there that needed a bone marrow transplant.” she said. “So, so far we’ve tested over 8,000 people and we found over 300 matches.” After a 9-year wait, Hallie got her own match through her own foundation. The recovery was hard, but Hallie said she stayed hopeful. “I would just kind of daydream. And sometimes I would listen to her music and I would daydream about the singer and meeting her and seeing her in person,” Hallie said in her social media.
When the singer’s assistant heard about Hallie’s Heroes and knew about her wish, he was inspired to help the selfless little girl who turned her own health battle into a way to help others and decided to give Hallie the surprise of a lifetime. He offered two tickets to the singer’s concert in Houston. When Hallie received a call offering her the tickets, she was shocked and enthusiastically accepted and attended the concert with her mother in the front row.
Now Hallie has recovered. She no longer has “bad blood”. Thanks to her foundation, hundreds of others can say the same.
1. Why did the author mention the main idea of a song?| A．To introduce the heroine of the text. |
| B．To show the author’s love for the song. |
| C．To explain how harmful the bad blood was. |
| D．To highlight the impact of the song on the author. |
| A．She felt sorrow for herself. | B．She often went to the concert. |
| C．She sought for a bone marrow match. | D．She prepared for her own foundation. |
| A．To save herself | B．To be known by others. |
| C．To see her favorite singer. | D．To help patients with DBA, |
| A．Inactive but lucky. | B．Selfish but capable, |
| C．Helpful and wealthy. | D．Caring and determined. |
8 . Lots of animals play. But the behavior is best known in mammals (哺乳动物) and birds. Now the scientists at London’s Queen Mary University report that bumblebees (大黄蜂) know the same thing. But before this, there were no reports of insects playing.
Dr. Lars Chittka began to wonder if bumblebees played during an earlier test. In that test, Chittka guided bumblebees to move balls into a goal for food. He noticed that some bees were rolling (滚动) balls even when they weren’t given food. He wondered if they were playing.
To test the idea, the scientists at his lab set up a new test. First, they numbered 45 young bumblebees between one and 23 days old. The numbers let them follow bumblebees’ behavior. Then, they set up a clear pathway from the bumblebees’ home to a feeding area. On either side of the open pathway, the researchers placed small colored wooden balls. On one side of the path, the balls couldn’t move. On the other side, the balls could roll around. For three hours a day, over 18 days, the scientists opened the pathway between the home and the feeding area. The bumblebees never had to leave the pathway to find food, but they left anyway. They weren’t interested in the side where the balls didn’t move, but they made lots of visits to the side with the rolling balls.
Catching the balls with their legs, the bees would move their wings to pull on the balls, causing them to roll. The 45 numbered bumblebees did this 910 times during the test. Though some only did it once, others did it a lot. The younger ones liked to spend more time rolling balls while the older ones showed less interest in it. One bee was recorded rolling balls 44 times in a single day. One was seen rolling balls 117 times over the whole test.
The test raises important questions about how the insects’ minds work and whether they have feelings.
1. What did Chittka want to do about bumblebees in the earlier test?| A．Discover if they played. | B．Train them to move balls. |
| C．Make them learn to relax. | D．Find out if they’d share food. |
| A．They named each of them. | B．They let them interested in balls. |
| C．They had all of them go hungry. | D．They marked them one by one. |
| A．They held their attention for longer. | B．They understood simpler numbers. |
| C．They were less active in rolling balls. | D．They helped the young pull on balls. |
| A．Bumblebees Are First Insects Known to Play |
| B．Two Tests Prove Bumblebees Expect to Play |
| C．Bumblebees Are the World’s Smartest Insects |
| D．Scientists Make Bumblebees Work for Them |
9 . My favorite activity is playing, watching, reading, and really anything to do with basketball. A basketball court (球场) is where I feel most at home.
As I see it, it’s wildly popular in the US and its athletes are extremely recognizable, because it’s the one sport where an athlete’s face is not covered up by a football helmet (头盔) or baseball hat. My favorite time and place is anywhere and anytime. I prefer indoors, although it can be played outdoors. Many people often play in a driveway at home, but the best is always against someone on a court.
I started playing basketball because of my favorite player, Shaquille O’Neal. He was a huge, unstoppable player. When I was 11 years old, I decided to go outside to the family basketball hoop (球框) and take a shot (投球). This was my first time ever shooting a basketball. I will never forget the first shot I ever took. It was perfect. It felt amazing! And I’ve been in love with this sport ever since!
I learned a long time ago that very few people are going to have the love of this game that I do. I’ve always understood that in this area, for the most part, I am alone. Especially coming from the state of Texas, where football is king.
I’m not the best of players. When I do good things on court, I know it’s because I can make up for my lack (缺乏) of athleticism by being a student of the game. I’ve never missed a training day. I don’t worry about school, family, or problems. I think about what’s in front of me, and how I can get the basketball in the hoop.
Playing, watching, and reading about basketball fills me with a sense of enjoyment that I truly do feel that very few people can match.
1. What does the author think of basketball?| A．It should be played indoors. | B．It has won popularity in the US. |
| C．It is more dangerous than other sports. | D．It has become a game for huge people. |
| A．Very nervous. | B．Truly tired. | C．Really excited. | D．Quite free. |
| A．He is happy to improve himself through hard work. |
| B．He really enjoys playing basketball alone. |
| C．He would rather be a football player. |
| D．He is on Shaquille O’Neal’s team. |
| A．Life lessons from playing basketball | B．My road to being a basketball player |
| C．Changes in my basketball dream | D．My great love of basketball |
10 . People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms. Here, people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet.
How do people climb the wall? To climb need special shoes and a harness around your chest to hold you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is to control your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete work out. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
1. The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is ________.| A．to tie ropes to your harness | B．to control your fear |
| C．to move away from the wall | D．to climb straight up |
| A．Settlement. | B．Exercise. | C．Excitement. | D．Tiredness. |
| A．A science book. | B．A research report. | C．A sports magazine. | D．A sports history book. |
